OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment of work mode of automatic dispensing system in large-scale integrated pharmacy. METHODS:Introducing the establishment and optimization situation of the automatic pharmacy dispensing system in the outpatient pharmacy of our hospital,changes of related deployment indexes before and after optimization were compared,and the main measures for improving the work efficiency of automatic dispensing system were explored. RE-SULTS:Based on setting and regularly adjusting stored drug varieties,numbers of occupied tracks and unbundled drug factors,de-signing deployment operation mode that the system automatically dispensing preparations to immediate-dispensing and pre-dispens-ing windows,establishing operational specifications and management refinement,the outpatient pharmacy had established automat-ic dispensing system with prescription deployment number more than 12000 pieces/d and optimized work mode. Compared with be-fore optimization,host,auxiliary and smart cabinet varieties were increased in the case of the same number of total staff,immedi-ate-dispensing windows were increased and pre-dispensing windows were decreased. Proportion of full-automatically-dispensed pre-scriptions was increased (up from 41.18% to 48.32%) in the case of total prescription increasing in peak hours,and numbers of hourly prescription deployment were increased in both immediate-dispensing and pre-dispensing windows. Average time to wait for medicine of patients was shortened(down from 5.63 min to 5.18 min),supplemental medicine error and inner errors rate of deploy-ment (down from 0.48% to 0.44%) were decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The established automatic dispensing system mode can meet the needs of prescription deployment in large-scale integrated outpatient pharmacy,and improve the work efficiency by continually optimization.

Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Mice

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B is a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. We have previously identified the benzoyl sulfathiazole derivative II as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor with in vivo insulin sensitizing effects. Preliminary SAR study on this compound series has been carried out herein, and thirteen new compounds have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 10 exhibited potent inhibition against human recombinant PTP1B with the IC50 value of 3.97 micromol x L(-1), and is comparable to that of compound II.
Humans ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Sulfathiazoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of a digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodsThe computed tomography scan data for 13 patients with HAE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2011 to October 2011 were reconstructed and analyzed by a three-dimensional reconstruction system to assess resectability,and to facilitate surgical planning and individualized virtual surgery.The results of preoperative analysis were compared with the results of actual operations.ResultsThe three-dimensional models of the liver were reconstructed successfully,and intrahepatie lesions and vessels were clearly displayed.One patient received an autologous liver transplantation,10 underwent hepatectomy,and 2 received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage.Virtual operation planning was carried out for 11 patients using the three-dimensional reconstruction system.The mean volume of the liver to be resected was predicted to be 920 ml (range,339-2678 ml),and the mean percentage of liver to be resected to the total liver volume was predicted to be 45％ ( range,23％ -68％ ).The mean volume o[ the actual liver resection was 834 ml (range,315-2250 m[),and the mean percentage of actual liver resected to the total liver volume was 42％ (range,22％ -70％ ),which was consistent with the results of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction.All patients were followed up for 2-8 months,and no severe complications such as liver failure,hemorrhage and bile leakage were detected.ConclusionDigital three-dimen-sional reconstruction is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of HAE and effectively reduces surgical risks.

Objective To evaluate the overall effect of transsphenoidal microsuegery for 23 patients with non-adenomas disease intrasellar region.Methods A toal of 23 patients with non-adenomas disease in- trasellar region,7 cases of Rathke's cleft cyst,3 cases of craniopharyngiomas,2 cases of meningiomas,2 ca- ses of pituitary tuberculous granuloma,5 cases of pituitary abscess,2 cases of empty sella,2 cases of chord- mas,were treated via sublabio-septo-sphenoidal microsurgery.Results There were among the 23 patients, groos total removal of the disease were achieved in 14 cases,subtotal removal in 7 cases,and partial removal in remain 2 cases.Diminished visual activity and visual field defects were improved in 13 cases.Menstrual disorder in all female cases and sexual disturbance in male were improved.There was no death in group. Conclusion Microsurgical technique via transsphenoidal approach is a safe and effective one for the treatment of patients with non-adenomas disease intrasellar region.

This study is to investigate the protection effect of schisandrin B (Sch B) against oxidation stress of HK-2 cells induced by cisplatin and the mechanisms involved. HK-2 cells were cultured and divided into different groups: solvent control group, cisplatin exposure group, positive group, Sch B treatment group. Cell viability and toxicity were evaluated by MTT and LDH assay. GSH level and SOD enzymes activities were also measured. DCFH-DA as fluorescence probe was used to detect ROS level by fluorescence microplate reader. Nrf2 translocation was detected by Western blotting. Real time Q-PCR was used to detect expressions of NQO1, HO-1 and GCLC mRNA level. The results showed that Sch B could significantly inhibit the decline of cell viability induced by cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05) and the protective effect was in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, Sch B treatment significantly inhibited the increase of ROS level induced by cisplatin and reversed the decrease of GSH level (P < 0.05). When Sch B concentration was up to 5 micromol x L(-1), SOD enzyme activities were also enhanced significantly compared with that of the cisplatin group (P < 0.05). It was shown that Sch B could cause nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in association with downstream activation of Nrf2 mediated oxidative response genes such as GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1. These results suggested Sch B could protect against the oxidative damage of HK-2 cells induced by cisplatin via the activation of Nrf2/ARE signal pathway.
Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; toxicity ; Cyclooctanes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; cytology ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; genetics ; metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polycyclic Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

In our previous work, we found that trivalent dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) have high affinity binding to cysteine residue 13 of rat hemoglobin. However, it is still unknown why arsenic intermediate metabolite DMA(III) has high binding affinity for Cysl3 but not for other cysteine residues 93, 140, 111 and 125. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism of DMA(III) with rat hemoglobin, we have done current study. So, SD rats were divided into control and arsenic-treated groups randomly. Arsenic species in lysate of red blood cells were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS, and then determined by a hybrid quadrupole TOF MS. In addition, trivalent DMA(III) binds to different cysteine residues in rat hemoglobin alpha and beta chains were also simulated by Molecular Docking. Only Cys13 in alpha chain is able to bind to DMA(III) from the experiment results. Cys13 of alpha chain in rat hemoglobin is a specific binding site for DMA(III), and we found that amino acids compose pockets structure and surround Cys13 (but not other cysteine residues), make DMA(III) much easy to bind cysteine 13. Taken together, the DMA(III) specific binding to Cys13 is related to spatial structure of Cys13.
Animals ; Arsenic ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cacodylic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cysteine ; metabolism ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To find out prevelence of thyroid goiter on school-aged children in excessive iodine region of Shandong Province.Methods By employing B-ultrasonography and palpation method,the thyroid volume were investigated and the thyroid goiter rate were calculated among 6415 children aged 8～10 years old in execssire iodine region.Results By employing B-ultrasonography method.The volumes of thyroid in goiter children aged 8,9,10 years were(5.67±1.49),(6.07±1.24),(7.30±2.01)ml,respectively.The goiter rates were 28.84%(683/2368),20.89%(448/2144),11.82%(225/1903).The volumes of thyroid in non-goiter children aged 8,9,10 years were(3.36±0.67),(3.64±0.77),(4.02±0.94)ml.When the normal value of thyroid volume in 8 and 9 year-groups lowered 0.5 ml,the goiter rate would be changed to 18.20%(430/2368)and 12.92%(277/2144) respectively.The thyroid volumes of boys and girls were(4.20±1.38),(4.18±1.73)ml,respectively.The goiter rates of boys and girls were 21.92%(732/3340)and 20.29%(624/3075)respectively.The rates of goiter detected by palpation in 8,9 and 10 year-groups were 10.05%(238/2368),10.31%(221/2144)and 14.45%(275/1903) respectively.Conclusions Along with the increasing age,the volume of thyroid in children aged 8～10 is increasing in excessive iodine region of Shandong Province.But the goiter rate is decreasing ahmg the increasing age.This phenomena may be caused by improper normal value of thyroid volume.Therefore,the normal value of thyroid volume should be revised urgently.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium on removal of gaseous chlorobenzene.

METHODSFungal mycelium mixed with a liquid medium was placed into airtight bottles. A certain amount of chlorobenzene was injected into the headspace of the bottles under different conditions. At a certain interval, the concentrations in the headspace were analyzed to evaluate the degradation of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium.

RESULTSThe degradation effects of P. chrysosporium on chlorobenzene under different conditions were investigated. The difference in the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi and chlorobenzene degradation was observed. The data indicated that a lower temperature (28 degrees C) would promote the degradation of chlorobenzene than the optimum temperature for the growth of the fungi (37 degrees C). A low nitrogen source concentration (30 mg N/L) had a better effect on degrading chlorobenzene than a high nitrogen source concentration (higher than 100 mg N/L). A high initial concentration (over 1100 mg/m3) of chlorobenzene showed an inhibiting effect on degradation by P. chrysosporium. A maximum removal efficiency of 95% was achieved at the initial concentration of 550 mg/m3.

CONCLUSIONP. chrysosporium has a rather good ability to remove gaseous chlorobenzene. A low nitrogen source concentration and a low temperature promote the removal of chlorobenzene by P. chrysosporium. However, a high initial chlorobenzene concentration can inhibit chlorobenzene degradation.

Air Pollutants ; metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chlorobenzenes ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Microbiological Techniques ; Nitrogen ; pharmacology ; Phanerochaete ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the effect of Parkinson's disease treatment guideline on the initial medicine therapy and to explore the impact of hospital grade level and type of insurance on the initial prescription for Parkinson's disease.Methods We identified 136 PD patients as part of a population-based study in Beijing and made a comparison between the patients with initial prescriptions of dopamine receptor agonists (DA) and levodopa (LD).Results Among 136 patients,excluding patients without initial medication of levodopa or dopamine receptor agonist,there were 61 cases with initial drug administration aged ≥ 65 years.Among the 61 cases,1 cases and 19 cases administrated dopamine receptor agonist and levodopa respectively before 2006,1 case and 11 cases respectively from 2007 to 2009,and 5 cases and 24 cases respectively after 2010.There was no significant difference in the percentage between patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist in the three periods (x2 =1.891,P =0.388).In 41 patients with initial drug administration of dopamine receptor agonist or levodopa aged＜65 years,1 cases and 23 cases administrated dopamine receptor agonist or levodopa respectively before 2006,0 case and 10 cases respectively from 2007 to 2009,and 3 cases and 4 cases respectively after 2010.There was significant differences in the percentage between patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist in the three periods (x2 =10.644,P=0.005).The percentage of patients with initial administration of dopamine receptor agonist aged＜65 years was increased after 2010 as compared before 2006 (x2 =7.219,P=0.028).There were no significant differences in the percentage of patients with initial administration of dopamine receptor agonist between grade 3 and non-grade 3 hospitals (13.6％ vs.6.3％,x2=0.675,P=0.686)and between patients with and without insurance (13.1％ vs.10.0％,x2=0.141,P=1.000).Conclusions The percentage of patients with initial administration of levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist has no significant difference between patients with initial drug administration aged ≥ 65 years before and after the introduction of Parkinson's disease treatment guideline,while the percentage is increased in patients with initial drug administration aged＜65 years.No impact of hospital grade level and type of insurance on initial administration for Parkinson's disease is found.