Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Objective To describe a new surgical approach to treatment of scapular neck and body fractures and evaluate the clinical outcomes. Methods From December 2002 to October 2004, 13 cases of the scapular neck and body fractures including 9 males and 4 females with age range of 22-48 years (mean 31 years) were admitted into our hospital. There were seven cases with neck fractures, two with associated clavicle fractures, six with mere body fractures, seven with associated subluxation of humeral head and three with associated rib fractures. Internal fixation and open reduction reconstruction using titanium plate and screws were for treatment of scapular neck and body fractures in all 13 cases by making straight incision along lateral border of the scapula. Results The operation lasted for 40-80 minutes, with intraoperative blood loss for 30-80 ml. The follow up for 4-24 months showed average fracture healing time for 6-8 weeks and satisfactory results in 10 cases. Conclusion The surgical approach with straight incision along the lateral border of the scapula can attain perfect reduction and internal fixation of scapular neck and body fractures as well as satisfactory functional recovery with minor (trauma.)

AlM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of canalicular intubation combined with external dacryocystorhinostomy ( ext-DCR ) for treatment of chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis.
METHODS:Thirty-three patients (33 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis who underwent canalicular intubation combined ext-DCR were retrospective analyzed. The silicon tube was indwelt for 6mo. All cases were re-examined 1wk;1, 3, 6, 9mo post-operation, flow of tears, pus excretion and lacrimal duct clearance were observed.
RESULTS: Clear lacrimal duct ratio was 100% in all cases during 1wk~6mo post-operation; Silicon tube was removed 6mo post-operation, 3mo after tube removal, rechecking reported 32 cases with clear lacrimal duct (97%) and 1 case with resistant duct (3%). Two cases ( 6%) with minor lacerations, no other complications were observed.
CONCLUSlON: Canalicular intubation combined ext-DCR is an effective treatment for chronic dacryocystitis and upper lacrimal duct stenosis.

The genus Myristica (Myristicaceae) consists of 120 species, which were distributed in South Asia, from west Polynesia, Oceania, eastern India to the Philippines. Phytochemical studies showed that 164 compounds including a majority of lignans, along with phenglpropanoids, flavonoids and phenolics, have been isolated from this genus, which exhibited anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hyperglycemic and hepatic protective activities. This article summarizes research progress of the chemical compositions and their pharmacological activities from this genus, which could provide reference for the in-depth development and utilization of the Myristica plants.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Myristicaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Long-term endurance training or physical activity has been confirmed not only to improve physical performance, but to bring about an obvious beneficial effect on human health; however, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The most studied health adaptations in skeletal muscle response to endurance exercise are increased muscle glycogen level and insulin sensitivity, fiber type transformation toward oxidative myofibers, and increased mitochondrial content/function. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in eukaryotic cells critical in physical performance and disease occurrence. The mitochondrial life cycle spans biogenesis, maintenance, and clearance. Exercise training may promote each of these processes and confer positive impacts on skeletal muscle contractile and metabolic functions. This review focused on the regulation of these processes by endurance exercise and discussed its potential benefits in health and disease. We presented evidence suggesting that exercise training potentiates not only the biogenesis of mitochondria but also the removal of old and unhealthy mitochondria through mitochondrial quality control.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Exercise ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which has led to serious worldwide economic burden. Due to the continuous emergence of variants, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are only partial effective against infections caused by distinct strains of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is still of great importance to call for the development of broad-spectrum and effective small molecule drugs to combat both current and future outbreaks triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Cathepsin L (CatL) cleaves the spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2, playing an indispensable role in enhancing virus entry into host cells. Therefore CatL is one of the ideal targets for the development of pan-coronavirus inhibitor-based drugs. In this study, a CatL enzyme inhibitor screening model was established based on fluorescein labeled substrate. Two CatL inhibitors IMB 6290 and IMB 8014 with low cytotoxicity were obtained through high-throughput screening, the half inhibition concentrations (IC₅₀) of which were 11.53 ± 0.68 and 1.56 ± 1.10 μmol·L^-1, respectively. SDS-PAGE and cell-cell fusion experiments confirmed that the compounds inhibited the hydrolysis of S protein by CatL in a concentration-dependent manner. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection showed that both compounds exhibited moderate binding affinity with CatL. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode between the compound and the CatL active pocket. The pseudovirus experiment further confirmed the inhibitory effects of IMB 8014 on the S protein mediated entry process. In vitro pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated that the compounds had relatively good drug-likeness properties. Our research suggested that these two compounds have the potential to be further developed as antiviral drugs for COVID-19 treatment.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of family environment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in clinics, and analyse the risk factors for ADHD. Methods Two thousand two hundred and ninety-six children with inattention, hyperactivity or unfavourable school performance were subjected to diagnosis with DSM-Ⅳ criteria in clinics. The characteristics of family environment were investigated by self-prepared questionnaires. The risk factors for ADHD were explored by univariate analysis and noneonditioned multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Seven hundred and twenty children were diagnosed with ADHD. There were significant differences in family environment between children with ADHD and those without(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The risk factors for ADHD included discord between parents, parental smoking and maternal depression during pregnancy and after delivery, while older age, female, paternal higher educational background were protective factors for ADHD. Conclusion Unfavourable family environment may be associated with the prevalence of ADHD, and special attention should be paid to the family environment in the treatment of ADHD.

Antineoplastic Protocols ; Child ; Humans ; Neoplasm, Residual ; therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Language Development ; Sampling Studies

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differential diagnosis of prostatic disease.Methods 12 patients with prostate cancer and 16 patients with benign disease underwent DCE-MRI examination.Region of interest (ROI) were drawn in areas of cancerous foci,normal prostate peripheral zone and normal prostate central gland to measure the values of Ktrans (transport constant),Kep (rate constant),Ve (extravascular extracellular volume fraction).Values of the three parameters were analyzed by ANOVA and the differences were compared between the different tissues.Results The values of Ktrans,Kep and Ve were (0.42±0.10)/min,(0.64±0.11)/min,(0.61±0.14) respectively in the area of cancerous foci,while (0.17 ±0.08)/min,(0.32 ±0.10)/min,(0.59±0.11) respectively in normal prostate peripheral zone,and (0.33±0.12)/min,(0.50± 0.16)/min,(0.62 ±0.07) respectively in normal prostate central gland.The differences in Ktrans,Kep values were statistically significant between cancerous foci,normal prostate peripheral zone and normal prostate central gland (F =31.646,27.196,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),but no statistically significant difference was found in the Ve value between the three different tissues (F=0.533,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Quantitative analysis of DCE-MBI can be used to differentiate benign from malignant prostatic diseases,which hasa great application prospect.