The problem of intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed, the TCM protection system and patent protection system are studied. The author puts forward some deficiencies of the existing protection system, and puts forward some improvement methods possible.

Child ; Humans ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Vocal Cords

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Laboratories ; organization & administration ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; administration & dosage

Thirty-four patients with chronic lingual tonsillar hypertrophy were treated in our department from 1994 to 2000. There were 18 males and 16 females ranging in age from 21 to 60 years old. The clinical feature of lingual tonsillar hypertrophy usually appeared a series of pharyngeal symptoms, such as foreign-body sensation, sore throat, speech change, difficulty in swallowing, dysapnea and obstructive sleep apnea. The CO2 laser surgical lingual tonsillectomy was used for these patients. Result showed that the cure rate was 100% without any serious complications by following up 2 months to 3 years. The variety of presentations of lingual tonsillar hypertrophy and methods of surgical treament were discussed.

Regeneration ; Tissue Engineering ; Vocal Cords

Rheumatoid arthritis is a autoimmune diseases characterized as joint chronic synovitis, and is accompanied with systemic damage.Osteoporotic fracture is one of the common complications of rheumatoid arthritis, which may decrease quality of life, and even increase the mortality of patients.Variety of factors may be associated with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in rheumatoid arthritis patients.In this article, through the literature review we discuss the risk factors of osteoporotic fracture, including vitamin D deficiency, lower limb muscle strength and balance ability in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Asialoglycoprotein receptor(ASGPR),also called galactose receptor,is predominantly expressed on the sinusoidal surface of mammalian hepatocytes and is involved in many physiological functions.For many years ASGPR has been applied for targeting hepatocytes in drug and gene delivery and for functional mapping of the liver,and considerable progress has been made.ASGPR-mediated liver-targeted drug delivery mainly involved anti-tumor drugs and cholesterol-lowering drugs,etc.Liver-targeted gene delivery was often seen in antisense drugs.The research of hepatic imaging mainly involved the evaluation of liver function and identification between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastasis of tumors.In addition,researchers have also extended its applications to some new fields,such as three-dimension culture of hepatocytes,hepatocytes screening,and hepatocytes transplantation.New achievements in studies of ASGPR-mediated liver targeting are reviewed in this article.

Large number of TCM ancient books, the literature, has a long history and complicated contents, including the principles, methods, prescriptions, medicines and other various aspects. How to obtain and make use of knowledge in ancient books, we must establish a set of relatively precise knowledge and semantic relation networks. Knowledge yun performing reasonable rebuilding of TCM literature, containing much TCM knowledge and information, will be an important way for knowledge findings.

With chinese pharmaceutical companies in the rapid development, there are many factors restricting their development, this article through consulting relevant literature, data and investing, analyzing the shortage of the pharmaceutical enterprises at the present stage in China and the factors of restricting their development, so as to put forward the solution to the current situation of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and the related measures, make more long-term and healthy development of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.

AIM To investigate the effects of p38 MAPK signaling on diallyl disulfide ( DADS ) induced apoptosis in CNE2 cells. METHODS Morphological changes and quantification of apoptotic cells were determined under fluorescence microscope after a 24 h treatment of CNE2 by DADS. Cell viability was determined with MTT method. Apoptosis detection was taken to the cells on flowcytometry. The expression of phospho p38 MAPK was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS After treatment with DADS at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 for 24 h,DADS elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes (chromatic condensation, nucleus fragmentation). The amount of apoptosis cells increased in a concentration dependent manner but cell cycle arrest did not at 50～150 ?mol?L -1 ,incubation of CNE2 with DADS for 24 h also induced phospho p38 MAPK expression in a concentration dependent manner. Interestingly, DADS induced apoptosis was markedly increased by preincubation with SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor,and increased the expression of phospho p42/ p44 CCDPK in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION DADS activates p38 MAPK,and phospho p38 MAPK signaling appears to play protective roles in DADS induced apoptosis in CNE2.