0.05).The usage rate of antimicrobial agents in inpatients and outpatients was 74.65% and 45.52% respectively,with a significant difference(P

Objective To explore the viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in Nanping area .Methods A total of 3 572 patients ,suffered from acute respiratory tract infections from December 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study .Sev‐en common respiratory viruses were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay ,including influenza A virus(IA) ,influenza B virus (IB) ,adenovirus (ADV) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,arainfluenza type Ⅰ (P1) ,arainfluenza type Ⅱ (P2) ,arainfluenza typeⅢ (P3) .Results In total 3 572 samples ,509 samples were virus positive (14 .25% ) .Among them ,507 positive samples were single virus infections and 7 positive samples were double virus infections .RSV infection(9 .38% ) ,P3 infection(2 .32% ) and IA infection (1 .09% ) rates were the top three .Conclusion RSV was the main viral pathogen among 7 common respiratory viruses with obvious seasonal periodicity .Children′s immunity is low and need to prevent respiratory viral infections .

Objective To better promote the health education and health promotion among patients with chronic disease, general practitioners (GPs) in the community should master the knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This paper aimed to describe the current situation of GPs' knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were issued to 1 077 GPs in community health service centers, and all GPs finished the questionnaire without assistance. The content of questionnaire includes the general information of GPs and six questions focusing on NCDs. Results Overall, 1 076 GPs completed the questionnaire, and the response rate was 99.9% (1 076/1 077). With regard to the six questions about NCDs, 90.4% (973/1 076) of GPs were well aware of the diagnosis of hypertension. Apart from that, the knowledge of diabetes mellitus (60.9%, 655/1 076), factors related to NCDs (70.2%, 755/1 076), the concepts of mental illness (52.0%, 560/1 076) and the clinical significance of tumor markers (87.9%, 946/1 076) among GPs were adequate, while more than half of the GPs did not know a lot about home oxygen therapy. Conclusion The mastering level of knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs among GPs varies that they need further improvement.

In recent ten years, general practitioner (GP) training and practice develops rapidly in China. It has established a relatively complete GP training system, including medical college education and standardized residency training. However, the path of continuing professional development and clinical skills improvement for GP after standardized residency training is still unclear. The concept of GP with special interest (GPSI) has been proposed these days, and it has put forward a new development direction for the career path of GP. In this article, on the basis of understanding the current status of GPSI in China, we try to discuss its advantages and problems, and then propose our suggestions for its future development.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; therapy ; RNA Interference ; physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; antagonists & inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the value for the level mensuration of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) in stroke risk assessment in the patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods 180 non-valvular AF patients were selected from the Tianjin medical university general hospital from the 2009 to 2011 for retrospective cohort study,112 males and 68 females in the group,age 61-87 years.Using the IL ACL-9000 blood coagulation instrument assay the level of vWF:Ag.Using ROC curve to analyze the diagnosis performance of vWF:Ag,using Cox regression analysis model to evaluate the of vWF:Ag effect on prognosis,using x2 test to analyze the relevance between vWF:Ag and clinical pathological factors.Compared the patients group with CHADS2 score with the patients group with CHA2DS2VASc score date using t test.Results vWF:Ag levels were control group (112 ± 34)％,paroxysmal AF group (119 ±31)％,the persistent AF group (179 ± 47)％,permanent AF group (217 ± 56)％,atrial fibrillation associated with stroke group (235 ± 104)％ respectively.There was no difference between the paroxysmal AF group and control group (q =1.75,P ＞ 0.05) ; vWF:Ag level was higher in persistent atrial fibrillation group than in paroxysmal AF group (q =10.10,P ＜ 0.01); permanent atrial fibrillation group was higher than that of the persistent AF group (q =5.21,P ＜ 0.01).The optimum cut-off point with vWF:Ag for stroke diagnosis was 188.5％,the area under ROC curve =O.843 (95％ confidence interval:0.785-0.901).In Cox regression multianalysis,the vWF:Ag (HR =0.405; 95％ CI =0.268-0.716; P =0.026),the congestive heart failure(HR =2.901 ; 95％ CI =1.837-3.951 ; P =0.001),stroke/transienl ischemic attack (HR =4.665 ; 95 ％ CI =2.837-7.291 ; P =0.000),age (HR =0.474 ; 95 ％ CI =0.211-0.765; P =0.039),the Cox analysis showed that vWF:Ag was the independent prognosis factor for stroke in AF patients.Inx2 analysis,there was the relationship between the level of the vWF:Ag and the congestive heart failure/LVdysfunction (x2 =8.227,P ＜ 0.01),hypertension (x2 =3.305,P ＜ 0.05),age (x2 =7.581,P ＜ 0.01),diabetes mellitus (x2 =6.730,P ＜ 0.01),stroke/ transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism (x2 =4.825,P ＜ 0.05),vascular disease (x2 =4.126,P ＜ 0.05).Compared the subjects with CHADS2 (score =1) with the CHA2DS2VASc(score =1),the level of the vWF:Ag was higher in patients with CHADS2 score =1 (t =4.283,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There was relationship between the level of vWF:Ag and main pathologic factors in patients with AF,and changed with the condition,high vWF:Ag level was an independent predictor of stroke risk,and had superior reference value for in assessment of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the nationwide prevalence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),and es-tablish the related indexes of HAI.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted through combination of bed-side investigation and medical record reviewing,the prevalence of HAI in hospitals of National HAI Surveillance System and other hospitals voluntarily participated in the survey were investigated according to unified survey pro-gram.Results A total of 1 008 584 patients in 1 766 hospitals participated in the survey,26 972 cases of HAI occurred, prevalence rate of HAI was 2.67%,antimicrobial usage rate was 35.01%.Difference in prevalence rates of HAI and anti-microbial usage rates among hospitals with different number of beds were both significant (χ2 =1 599.21,3 458.40,re-spectively,both P <0.01).The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (47.53%),urinary tract (11.56%)and surgical site(10.41%).A total of 13 784 pathogenic strains were isolated,the top five pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,and Staphylococcus aureus .Prevalence rate of HAI and prophylactic antimicrobial usage rate in patients receiving operation of class Ⅰincision were 1.01% and 27.99% respectively,difference in prophylactic antimicrobial usage rates in patients receiving operation of classⅠincision at hospitals with different number of beds were significant (χ2 =400.34,P <0.01 );among patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis,percentage of specimens sending for bacterial detection was 45.89%,difference in bacterial detection rates in hospitals with different number of beds were significant (χ2 =9 189.90,P <0.01).Hospital with more than 900 beds had the highest prevalence rate of HAI(3.36%),lowest usage rate of antimicrobial agents(32.35%),and highest bacterial de-tection rate(56.03%).Conclusion Multiple indexes of this cross-sectional survey revealed that HAI management in China has achieved remarkable results;meanwhile,calculation of the percentile distribution of each index is convenient for self-evaluation for HAI-related work in each hospital.

The course arrangement,teaching contents and means and other items were investigated and analyzed in this research of teaching evaluation of professional teachers in military medical university.The results showed that the levels of post-oriented education teaching were increasing in updating ideas and accumulating experiences in recent years.However,there still existed a few problems such as too much basal theories,lack of real army circs in the contents and little practice in the manners.Therefore,the quality of post-oriented education in military medical university is expected to be developed to a higher level.

Object To study the effective portion in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. extract (COE) for the treatment of arrhythmia. Methods Effect of COE on chloroform induced ventricular fibrillation in mice and electrophysiology of isolated guinea pig papillary muscle were studied. Results Antiarrhythmic effect of COE may be related to its prolongation of action potential duration, increase of the absolute value of resting potential and a decrease of autonomy of sinus node. The effective portion in COE may be its total organic acid and a certain yet unknown trace substance, whereas its total glycosides were devoid of such activities. Conclusion Pharmacodynamic and myocardial electrophysiologic studies showed that the total organic acid and a certain unknown trace substance possessed the obvious antiarrhythmic activity.

Objective: To study the effect of 4-6 weeks' treadmill training of male SD rats on the contractile function of their gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain (MHC). Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and training group. The treadmill training of the training group rats was incessantly performed for 4-6 weeks at an intensity of about 75% VO 2max (18.5-24 m/min, gradient of 0°, each training session lasting 50 minutes, twice a day). The content of gastrocnemius MHC mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the changes of muscle fibre and its cross-section area (CSA) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Electric stimulation tests were used to determine the maximal tension of isometric contraction of the post-training gastrocnemius. Results: Circled digit one After continuous treadmill training for 4-6 weeks, we found that the content of the total MHC, MHC I, MHC II x, MHC II a mRNAs was 105%, 105%, 109% and 108% of that in the resting control group, respectively, and the MHC II b mRNA content did not change significantly. The percentage of MHC I mRNA in the total MHC mRNA increased while that of MHC II mRNA decreased after aerobic training. Circled digit two The slow type of fibre type I was the main part of the MHC after training and the CSA of the muscle fibres increased simultaneously. Circled digit three The maximal tension of isometric contraction by pulse stimulation of square wave in the training group increased significantly compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings indicate that aerobic exercise may promote an increase in the contractile function of MHC.