For the purpose of determining the time of death,the life history (the growth and development) and the sum of effective temperature of Lucilia Sericata were studied under the ordinary temperature. On the bases of the growth and development of the fly ,we have established three linear regression equations between the sum of effective temperature and the length of larvae or weigth pupa of Lucilia Sericata (K 1=2 0880+0 8014X 1、K 2=54 0917-2 8814X 2、K 3=133 2180-2 6312X 3).These linear regression equations provide a reliable,scientific method for estimating the time of death in forensic medicine practice.

There were 48 strains of bacilli obtained from 20 Chinese traditional medicines. Twenty-five strains had antagonistic effect against at least one of ten plant pathogens. Seven strains had antibiosis to more than four pathogens and the best strain had antibiosis to nine pathogens. After physiological and biochemical experiments,eight strains of 25 antagonistic bacilli were proved to be Bacillus subtilis,three were Bacillus cereus,one were Bacillus natto and one were Bacillus licheniformis. At the same time,two kinds of Chinese traditional medicines,which probably had antibacterial effect,were found.

Objective To detect the levels of CD4+CD25HiCD127Low regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and its clinical significance in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by three-color flow cytometry (FCM) in 80 patients with esophageal cancer and 20 healthy controls. Among the 80 patients, 30 patients were also further studied for preoperative and postoperative comparison after operation. The clinical and pathological data of each patient were collected and analyzed for the correlation with the Treg levels. Results The level of Treg in the peripheral blood of the control group was lower than that of the esophageal cancer patients [(3.36±1.14) % and (5.70±1.96) %, respectively], with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood was higher in the patients with metastasis of lymph node (n=40) than that in the patients without metastasis of lymph node (5.96±1.36) % and (4.23±1.18) %, respectively] (n=30), with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients were negatively correlated with their TNM classification. As the TNM classification advanced, the level of the Treg in the peripheral blood increased. Conclusion The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients with esophageal cancer are significantly higher than that of the healthy subjects, which is correlated with the clinical and pathological conditions. The development of esophageal cancer may relate with suppression of immune function.

Objective To research the value of bed fiber bronchial microscope technology ha neurosurgical ICU. Methods 28 cases in neurosuxgical ICU who had received bed fiber bronchial microscope operations,including blood and vomit aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum bolt clearance were retrospectively analyzed. Results 4 cases of blood and vomit aspiration was cleaned ha time,improvement of respiratory function,31 cases was sputum as- piration by bed fiber bronchial microscope and bronchoalveolax lavage, 31 cases was sputum collected by fiber bronchial microscope and positive rate is 100% ,4 cases of atelectasis was lung recruitment by fiber bronchial micro- scope sputum aspiration. Conclusion Bed fiber bronchial microscope technology can eliminate waste effectivdy, clean dust,there axe great value in treatment of neurosurgical ICU patients with respiratory diseases.

Objective To study the distribution of Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scores in terms of age and educational level in Chinese residents aged 50 years and over and to offer a benchmark for a cutoff score.Methods A total of 281 residents aged 50 years or older was drawn randomly in the urban areas of Beijing,including 215 healthy elderly controls(NC)and 66 patients meeting the clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment(MCI).The final scores for MoCA were given in the form of mean percentage distributions specific for age,sex and educational level so as to compare the validity of MMSE mini-mental state examination and MoCA in detecting MCI.By a fitting muhiple regression model the influenee of the factors on MMSE and MoCA was assessed.Results Using a cutoff score of 26.MMSE had a sensitivity of 24.2%to detect MCI.whereas MoCA detected 92.4%of the MCI subiects.We found a bivariate correlation between MoCA scores and both the factors of age and educational level(P＜0.001).Conclusions MoCA iS a brief cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting MCI as currently conceptualized in patients performing normally on MMSE.Our adiustment in the cutoff scores would improve the detection of MCI and Alzheimer'S disease by reducing the number of false negatives.MoCA scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties but not to make formal diagnoses.

Objective To explore the relationship between digit ratio and personality among male college students of Han nationality. Methods 162 male college students of Han nationality were surveyed with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Measurements were taken from the middle of the basal crease to the tip of the finger by electronic vernier caliper. Personality factors scores were compared between male college students of Han nationality and normal. Finger length and digit ratio of the left hand and the right hand were compared among male college students of Han nationality. Correlation coefficient between digit ratio and personality was calculated.Results The male college students of Han nationality showed significantly lower psychoticism (4.53 ± 2. 55 ) and lie (9.64 ± 3. 55 ) than normal ( 5. 96 ± 2.84,12. 17 ± 3.57; t = - 7. 135, - 9. 085 ) , but higher neuroticism ( 12.67 ±3.94) than normal ( 10.63 ±4.44, t=6.573). The length of index finger(2D) & ring finger(4D) and ently higher than those of the right hand (71.74 ± 4. 01 ,74.85 ± 4.41,0. 8973 ± 0. 0306; P ＜ 0.05 ). There was an association of psychoticism with index finger(2D), middle finger(3D), ring finger(4D) and little finger(5D)among male college students of Han nationality ( r=0. 263,0.254,0.248,0.287,0.235,0.243,0.246,0. 283; P＜ 0. 01 ). There was an association of lie with index finger( 2D ), middle finger( 3D), the right ring finger( 4D ) & little finger(5D) among male college students of Han nationality ( r= -0. 208, -0. 213, -0. 185, -0. 226,-0.165, -0. 185; P＜ 0. 05 ). There was an association of neuroticism with the left second to fourth digit ratio ratio is found among male introvert college students of Han nationality. Digit ratio may be correlated with personality among male college students of Han nationality.

OBJECTIVE To find out the main commonly encountered pathogen and antibiotic resistance in hospital infection in Department of Neurosurgery. METHODS Clinic samples from Jun 2005 to Jun 2007 were collected and drug sensitive test was taken.RESULTS The most commonly encountered pathogens of infection were Gram-negative bacillI(83.1%),including Klebsiella pneumoniae(25.0%),Escherichia coli(19.1%),andAcinetobacter baumannii(10.3%). The three kinds of pathogens had heavy resistance to at least 8 kinds of antibiotics. The resistance rates to imipenem and ofloxacin were the lowest (6.8% and 32.4%). CONCLUSIONS The pathogens isolated from Departmentof Neurosurgery are Gram-negative bacilli which have multiple antibiotic resistance. The key prevention measures of infection are to control prophylatcic usage of the third generation cephalosporins,strengthen environmental microbial monitoring,hand sterilization and cleaning among the medical staff.

Objective To study the association of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) (padi4_94 and padi4_104) genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility in Han population of Hebei province. Methods This hospital-based case-control study included 115 RA patients and 106 healthy controls. All the individuals were recruited from Han Hebei residents and were randomly selected. The genotype and allele frequencies of PADI4 gene polymorphisms (padi4_94 and padi4_104) were analyzed by PCR-DNA sequencing method. Results The distribution of padi4_94 and padi4_104 genotypes between the two groups was not significantly deviated from that expected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The combined effect of padi4_94 and padi4_104 SNPs was analyzed and three haplotypos (AA, AG and GG) were found but without GA haplotype. The genotype and allele distribution of padi4_94 and padi4_104 in the patients with RA was not significantly different from that in healthy controls,and the analysis of haplotypes revealed that no haplotypes were risk factors for RA. Conclusion In Han population of Hebei province, the SNPs of PADI4 (padi4_94 or/and padi4_104) is no associated with RA susceptibility. Therefore, it should not be regarded as a genetic risk factor for RA.

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.

Objective To study the gene polymorphism at position padi4_94 in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province and the characters of distribution.Methods 106 healthy individuals and 115 rheumatoid arthritis patients in Hebei Province were randomly selected. Padi4_94 gene was screened by sequencing of the promotor. The correlations between the SNP site and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) was discussed.Results There were three genotypes: AA, AG and GG in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province. No significant differences of gene frequency and allele gene frequency were found between healthy individuals and RA patients, and no correlation between SNP and the production of anti-CCP.Conclusions Hebei Province The gene polymorphisms at position padi4_94 existed in Chinese Han people of Hebei Province,but possibly would not affect RA susceptibility and the production of anti-CCP.