OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation in management of nosocomial infections in hospitals,and provide rational preventive measures in order to improve the medical care quality.METHODS An observatory study was conducted and reasonable suggestions were preferred referring to foreign nosocomial infections modes.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in administration of nosocomial infections.Most alarming problems were shortages of rules and regulations,and deficiency of infection propaganda and administration coordination.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening management of nosocomial infections is one of the key issues for improvement of the medical care quality and should be paid special attention.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blast Injuries ; complications ; Deafness ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Accidents ; Child ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male

Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUND:The nano-hydroxyapatite has obvious advantages in bone repairing and reconstruction, but its clinical application is limited for its low osteoinductive activity and poor mechanical properties. To overcome these defects, researchers, based on the bionics principles, composite nano-hydroxyapatite with inorganic or/and organic materials to get various biomimetic composite materials.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research and application of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed database was undertaken with the keywords of“nano, hydroxyapatite, polyamide 66”in English to retrieve the relevant articles published from January 1987 to
December 2012. Simultaneously, the relevant articles between January 1987 to December 2012 were searched in CNKI database with the key words of“nano, hydroxyapatite, polyamide 66”in Chinese. A total of 93 literatures were retrieved, and final y 56 standard literatures were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites have appropriate thermostability and mechanical properties as wel as good biocompatibility. So far, the research and application of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biocomposites mainly focus on artificial vertebral body, lamina, and cage. The satisfactory clinical effects of the biocomposites show their broad clinical application prospects. However, there are stil many problems to be solved. For example, there are no detailed long-term fol ow-up data concerning osteogenic induction and degradation. Additional y, current studies focus on the bio-safety of materials in the aspects of cytology and histology rather than at the molecular level.

Objective To study the effects of internal and external biliary drainage on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression of Kupffer cells and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to obstructive jaundice (OJ), sham operation (SH), internal biliary drainage (ID) and external biliary drainage (ED) groups with 12 each. Kupffer cells were isolated by in situ hepatic perfusion and digestion with collagenase type Ⅳ, and purified by cell culture attachment. The expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the serum TNF-α concentration was measured using ELISA method. Results The serum TNF-α level was increased in OJ group[ (110.84±26.3) pg/ml ]compared with SH group [-(88.4±17.9) pg/ml, (P=0.045)]. The TNF-α level in ID group[ (89.8±28. 3) pg/ml ]was significantly lower than that in ED group[ (118.64±22.7) pg/ml, (P=0. 011) ]and OJ group (P=0. 059). Expression of iNOS mRNA of Kupffer cells was significantly higher in OJ group (0. 824± 0. 24) compared with SH group (0. 384±0.35,P=0. 005). After relieving the OJ, the iNOS mRNA expression in ED group (0. 974± 0.48) was not suppressed (P=0. 321). On the contrary, the iNOS mRNA expression in ID group was suppressed and significantly lower than that in ED group (0. 59±0. 35) (P=0. 016). Conclusions Internal biliary drainage is superior to external drainage in terms of reversing the elevated serum TNF-α and in suppressing the iNOS mRNA expression of Kupffer cells in rats with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the morphological features,biological behavior ,and diagnosis and treatment of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA).MethodsTwenty GHA cases were evaluated. Of the 20 patients,14 underwent radical gastrectomy, 3 total gastrectomy,3 total gastrectomy and wedge excision of the liver metastasis.ResultsHistologically,hyaline globules and venous invasion were common features of GHA.Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for alpha fetoprotein(AFP), alpha antitrypsin(AAT), and alpha antichymotrypsin(ACT). Ultrastructurally,tumor cells were arranged toward the lumens with microvilli on the luminal surfaces.There were junctional complexes between the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent tumor cells.Patients were followed up for 1～5 years with 12 deaths, 11 died of metastasis and one died of intraabdominal tumor seeding. The 1, 3 year survival rate was 44%(8/18), and 17%(3/18), respectively. Conclusions GHA deriving from gastric mucosa is characterized both by the histologic structures of hepatoid differentiation and adenocarcinoma.The prognosis is usually poor due to frequent liver metastasis.

Objective:To explore the immunogenecity of four Dengue virus-specific peptides in mice.Methods:Each peptide of four Dengue virus-specific peptides (C45-57KLVMAFIAFLRFL,E396-408SSIGKMFEATARG,NS323-35YRILQRGLLGRSQ,and NS3141-155NREGKIVGLYGNGVV) was used to immunize BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice,respectively.Three weeks later,mice were killed and splelocytes were prepared.Splelocytes were stimulated by the same peptide and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay was used to detect the percentages of peptide-specific IFN-? or IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells in total CD4+ T cells.Results:Peptide C45-57 induced peptide-specific IFN-?+ CD4+ T cells(0.72%?0.04% vs 0.04%?0.02%,P

Objective To investigate the effect of an oral calcium load on serum electrolytes and PTH concentrations in healthy apheresis donors.Methods Forty-five apheresis donors were divided into two groups: calcium group(11 donors,taking oral calcium before apheresis) and no calcium group(34 donors).Serum parathyroid hormone(PTH),total calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),sodium(Na) and magnesium(Mg) were measured before and after the apheresis process.Twenty-four whole blood donors served as controls.Results After the apheresis process,PTH concentrations in calcium group and mean P in no calcium group increased significantly(P

Twenty two cases of acute agranulocytosis were treated with fetal liver infusion (FLI) in this study. The total effective rate was 90.91%. The FLI group markedly increased leukocyte counts and absolute value of granulocytes as compared with the control group. There were no significant side effects. The result shows that FLI would be helpful in the treatment of acute agranulocytosis. The mechanism of treatment of acute agranulocytosis with FLI is also discussed.