Pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( PAC) is still a refractory human digest malignancies due to multi-faceted causes ,late diagnosis and insensitive to traditional chemo -and radio-therapy .Resistance to apoptosis could be one of the most relevant mechanisms for PAC to escape any non -surgical therapy .This review aims to clear up the main deregulated apoptosis signal pathways over the years and to find out the abnormal molecule tar -get(s),and therefore,provide novel concepts for PAC molecular targeting therapy .

Objective To explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to Esophageal Cancer in residents in Tieling,so as to provide the basis data on preventing Esophageal cancer in Tieling.Methods The data of residents in Tieling dying of Esophageal cancer from 2007 to 2015 was collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate,the average percentage change of mortality rate.GM(1,1) model was used to predict the future mortality.Results From 2007 to 2015,the Average Esophageal cancer Mortality Rate of in residents in Tieling was 5.26 per 100000 persons,and especially 1.95％ raised a year.The Mortality Rate would increase from 2016 to 2019.Conclusion Tieling Esophageal Cancer mortality rate is on the rise,especially for elder men more than 60.So that the proper prevention measures should be car ried and strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the condition of the occurrence of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) induced by Chinese materia medica.METHODS:A total of 933 ADR cases induced by Chinese materia medica published in 100 different kinds of journals during 2000～2008 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 156 kinds of Chinese materia medica were involved in these ADRs,which were administered by 5 routes,with intravenous administration showing the highest incidence at 78.46%. Among all the ADRs,the systemic reactions represented 57.77%.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to popularize the knowledge on safe medication of Chinese materia medica,standardize clinical rational use of Chinese materia medica and its preparations and tighten control and monitoring on the ADRs induced by Chinese materia medica.

A new class of dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid was designed and synthesized. The cationic polymer liposomes were prepared by the lipid film-extrusion and post-insertion two methods with these dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid and other lipids. The structural properties of obtained cationic polymer liposomes were studied by laser light scattering and fluorescence spectrometer. It was demonstrated that the nano sized liposomes with different density of surface cationic charges can be prepared by either lipid film-extrusion or post-insertion methods, but post-insertion process did not affect drug loading, did not influence drug loading capacity and did not induce liposomal morphology and particle size. The density of positive charge does not affect the size and distribution of different liposomes size and distribution. It was the better choice for manufacture because post-insertion method did not cause early release of drug and size changes. Cell binding experiments show that cationic polymer liposomes, especially dendrimer polymer liposomes had higher local charge density, and therefore have dramatic non specific cell targeting ability.

Objective:To study the experience of frontline medical workers in COVID-19 quarantine points.Methods:Purposive sampling method was employed and 12 frontline medical workers in COVID-19 points of Zhaoyuan City were selected for semi-structured and in-depth interview. Colaizzi′s seven-step analysis method was adopted to analyze and categorize the data.Results:The real experience of frontline medical workers in quarantine points were classified into five themes: professional mission and pride, inadequate initial response in dealing with public health emergencies (shortage of personal protective equipment,inadequate preparation of medical workers and imperfect settings of quarantine points), having some negative emotions (worrying about being infected and feeling fearful for family members), facing complex and diverse working difficulties (repugnance and diversified demands of people quarantined, heavy workload, discomfort from personal protective equipment and occupational exposure), and gaining support and appreciation (getting support from epidemic control and prevention departments as well as medical systems and winning appreciation from people quarantined).Conclusions:The frontline medical workers are lack of experience in dealing with public health emergencies and have some psychological and working pressure. Administrative department should further complete the emergency plan of centralized isolation medical observation, strengthen the contingency management of public health emergencies, attach importance to the mental health of medical workers, optimize management methods and establish flexible work schedules.

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to conduct the operation of ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) in thoracic spine, and the operation needs complecated operative skill, and unmerited disposal tends to worsen neurological dysfunction.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the operative method for OLF of thoracic spineand functional restoration.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, SecondMilitary Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 56 patients with OLF of thoracic spine, whowere treated at the Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital fromAugust 1996 to August 2003.METHODS: The operative therapy was performed in all the patients, and the method was determined by the results of MRI and CT examination: ①The 19 patients, whose OLF in thoracic spine was focal type, and range of lesion did not exceed two segments, were treated with simple resection and decompres sion in posterior wall of vertebral canal. ②Fenestration and sledging-allocating manipulation in the whole piece unilateral lamina of vertebra were carried out in 29 cases involving more than 2 segments. ③If coplanar OLF in thoracic spine combined with protrusion of thoracic spine disc or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, decompression of posterior midline approach+posterior lateral approach was performed, totally 8 cases.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-operation functional restoration was evaluated with Epstein standard, excellent: recovery of sensation and exercise was near to normal; good: spinal cord function was improved significantly, and permitted to walk with brace; fair: small partial restoration of sensory and motor function, unable to walk; bad: Inefficiency or becoming severe.RESULTS: A total of 55 cases were followed up for more than one year and 1 case only for two months after operation. ①Functional restoration: excellent: 39 cases; good: 8 cases; fair: 5 cases; bad: 4 cases. ②Symptom recovery after operation was confirmed by disappearance of tight sensation, reduction of muscular tension, relieving of numbness in order. ③The recovery was rapid for 3 to 6 months after operation. Part of patients' condition was still ameliorating during one year after operation, and rare advancement 2 years later. The recovery of complete paraplegics was bad, so was the severe paraplegia with long history. CONCLUSION: Compressive myelopathy caused by OLF in thoracic spine should be treated in an earlier period by operation. Resection and decompression of posterior wall of thoracic spine and decompression of posterior approach could be choosed according to different condition.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and X-ray irradiation on liver carcinoma cell lines BEL-7402. Methods Liver carcinoma cell lines BEL-7402 had been incubated with ELF-EMF (100 Hz, 0.7 mT, 30 min, 3 days) after X-ray irradiation at different doses (0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 Gy). The cells were observed on morphologic changes with scanning electron microscope. Flow cytometry and gene microarray were used to investigate the mechanism of cell apeptosis. Results ELF-EMF plus X-ray induced apoptosis on BEL-7402 was observed under scanning electron microscope.When X-irradiation was 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy, the apoptosis ratios of combined group and only X-irradiation group were 10.0%, 14.5%, 4.3%, 5.1%, 7.1% and 0.1%, 8.1%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 2.2% (P < 0.05) on flow cytometry. The result of microarray indicated that 1465 genes were up-regulated and 1108 down*regulated in the ELF-EMF plus X-ray group in comparison with the control group. The change rates of 110 apoptosis related genes were above 2 times, which including 71 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated. Gene microarray showed that ELF-EMF and X-ray irradiation had a mainly effect on different gene of apoptosis paths (CDC25 and CHKI, ATM, p38, PTEN, p53, G1/S, Fas, G2/M, Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Caspase). The same genes of ELF-EMF plus X-ray group were showed 13 in ELF-EMF group and 42 in X-ray group. Conclusions Apoptosis paths were significantly different between ELF-EMF and X-irradiation. ELF-EMF cooperates with X-irradiation on inducing BEL-7402 cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical effects of intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate and diprospan on knee osteoarthritis. Methods 94 patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into two groups, the HA group and Cortieosteroid group. Each patient in the HA group was treated with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate at 2.5 ml every week for 5 weeks, and each patient in the Corticosteroid group was treated with intra-articular injection of diprospan at 1ml on the first and fourth week. The clinical assessments included pain,joint effusion,and Lequesne Index. Assessments were done at baseline, at week 4, and week 12. Results 88 cases were followed up for 3 months. A significant decrease in VAS scores for pain and in Lequesne Index was found in both groups at week 4 when compared to baseline and there were no significant differences between the two groups. However,at 12 week improvement in pain score and Lequesne Index was found in favour of hyaluronic acid. In addition,diprospan seemed to have preferable short-term effect on patient with joint effusion. Conclusion Both intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate and diprospan provided clinically significant improvement in short-term and demonstrated that hyaluronic acid had a more long-term beneficial effect in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Computer-aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodule technology can effectively assist the radiologist to enhance lung nodule detection efficiency and accuracy rate, so it can lay the foundation for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In order to provide reference for the scholars and to develop the CAD technology, we in this paper review the technology research and development of CAD of the pulmonary nodules which is based on CT image in recent years both home and abroad. At the same time, we also analyse the advantages and shortcomings of different methods. Then we present the improvement direction for reference. According to the literature in recent years, there still has been large development space in CAD technology for pulmonary nodules. The establishment and improvement of the CAD system in each step would be of great scientific value.
Computer Systems ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids for Bone healing formulation in order to use it for preparation research. METHODS:With the content of total flavonoids as the index,L9(34)orthogonal test was employed to investigate the effects of volume fraction of the solvent ethanol,the amount of solvent,extraction times and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids for Bone healing formulation to determine the optimal levels of the factors,and verification tests were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids was 1 h reflux extraction for 3 times,with 70% etha-nol 10 times as much as the amount of medicinal materials. Verification tests showed the average content of total flavonoids was 62.03 mg/ml(RSD=0.84%,n=3),that is to say,6.20 g total flavonoids might be extracted from 100 g medicinal materials for the formulation. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal technology is stable and feasible and can be used for the extraction of total flavo-noids for Bone healing formulation and provide a experimental basis for the preparation of Bone healing liniment.