Due to the need of the diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of biliary tract diseases, peroral choledochoscopy has recently become an important method for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases, which helps to avoid some invasive and unnecessary surgical procedures. This article introduces the clinical advantages of SpyGlassTM DS Direct Visualization System and its indications and possible complications in biliary duct diseases. SpyGlassTM DS provides endoscopic imaging of the biliary tree and can perform biopsy under direct view, and thus it plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases. In particular, it can improve the diagnostic accuracy of biliary stricture with unknown nature and the surgical success rate and stone clearance rate of complex bile duct stones, with similar incidence rates of complications as conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. SpyGlassTM DS is a safe and effective procedure and supplements the standard endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the number of lymph nodes retrieval and the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

METHODFrom January 2008 to December 2009, 794 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The clinical data, surgeons, the extent of lymphadenectomy and its association with operative morbidity were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no operative death. A total of 84 patients with complication(10.6%) were documented. There were 11,770 lymph nodes harvested in total with an average of 14.8. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, number of metastatic lymph nodes, level of anastomosis, and surgeons' experience were risk factors associated with postoperative complications (all P<0.05), while the number and group of lymph node resection were not(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONWithin a rational range of lymphadenectomy(<50) following esophagectomy, the postoperative complications are significantly associated with the gender, extent of regional lymph nodes metastasis, site of anastomosis and the expertise of the surgeons, but not associated with the number and group of lymph nodes resection.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by prostatitis and their significance.

METHODSSpecimens were obtained from 56 BPH patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy. Paraffin sections of the specimens were subjected to HE staining for pathological examination of inflammatory changes under the light microscope. Twenty-four patients with simple BPH were included in Group A, and the other 32 with BPH complicated with prostatitis in Group B. The expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in the prostatic tissues of the two groups were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and IPP6.0 image analysis software.

RESULTSThe expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 were significantly higher in Group B than in A (P < 0.05), and so were the mean relative value of the optical density of Integrinalpha2beta1 (0.29 +/- 0.18 vs 0.04 +/- 0.03) and that of CD133 (0.08 +/- 0.07 vs 0.0020 +/- 0.0018) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONInflammation can up-regulate the expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in BPH tissue.

AC133 Antigen ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Integrin alpha2beta1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatitis ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo assess the metastatic frequency of subcarinal lymph nodes of thoracic esophageal carcinoma and its influencing factors, in order to determine the adequate range of lymph node dissection during esophagectomy.

METHODSThe clinical data from a cohort of 782 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy were analyzed retrospectively with respect to the impact of subcarinal lymph nodes dissection or no dissection on the incidence of postoperative complications.

RESULTSThe metastasis rate of subcarinal lymph nodes was 17.5%. The metastasis rates in the upper, middle and lower esophageal carcinomas were 8.3%, 19.1% and 16.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). For T1, T2, T3 and T4, they were 0, 4%, 22.2% and 34%, respectively (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications with and without subcarinal lymph nodes dissection was 19.0% versus 14.6% (P > 0.05), and the incidence of pulmonary complications was 10.3% versus 7.3% (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThoracic esophageal carcinomas have a high metastasis rate of subcrinal lymph nodes, and subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is not associated with increasing perioperative complications. Therefore, for the thoracic esophageal carcinoma, no matter the tumor site, esophageal cancer length or size, once the tumor invades the outer membrane, routine subcarinal lymph node dissection should be done.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence and application value of its prediction model after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato-graphy (ERCP) .Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 506 patients with common bile duct calculi who were admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2015 to December 2017 for ERCP routine treatment were collected. There were 251 males and 255 females, aged (59±15)years. Patients received ERCP for common bile duct calculi. Observation indicators: (1) clinicopathological data of patients with common bile duct calculi; (2) risk factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP; (3) establishment of prediction model for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted using the COX proportional hazard model. The prediction model for the recurrence of common bile duct stones after ERCP was established according to the coefficient of regression equation. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was drawed for efficiency evaluation with area under curve (AUC). Results:(1) Clinicopathological data of patients with common bile duct calculi: 104 of 506 patients with common bile duct calculi had recurrence and 402 had no recurrence. There were significant differences in the age, hyperlipidemia, common bile duct diameter, distal bile duct stricture, the number of calculi, gallbladder status, history of biliary tract surgery, endoscopic spinecterotomy, postoperative drainage mode between patients with and without recurrence ( Z=?2.844, χ2=6.243, Z=?2.897, χ2=11.631, 4.617, 16.589, 18.679, 2.070, 50.274, P<0.05). (2) Risk factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP: Results of univariate analysis showed that age, time of first attack, hyperlipidemia, common bile duct diameter, distal bile duct stricture, the number of calculi, the maximum calculi diameter, gallbladder status, history of biliary tract surgery and postoperative biliary drainage mode were related factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP ( hazard ratio=1.656, 2.179, 1.712, 1.657, 2.497, 1.509, 1.971, 2.635, 3.649,95% confidence interval as 1.113?2.463, 1.135?4.184, 1.122?2.644, 1.030?2.663, 1.501?4.154, 1.025?2.220, 1.122?3.464, 1.645?4.221, 1.575?8.456, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that time of first attack <30 days, hyperlipidemia, distal bile duct stricture, history of biliary tract surgery and postoperative biliary drainage mode as cholangiopancreatic stent were independent risk factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP ( hazard ratio=2.332, 1.676, 2.088, 2.566, 3.712, 95% confidence interval as 1.089?4.998, 1.060?2.649, 1.189?3.668, 1.456?4.521, 1.296?10.635, P<0.05). (3) Establishment of prediction model for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP: based on multivariate analysis, indicators including time of first attack <30 days, hyperlipidemia, distal bile duct stricture, history of biliary tract surgery and postoperative biliary drainage mode as cholangiopancreatic stent were included into the coefficient of regression equation, and the prediction model for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP was established: ln[(λ(t))/(λ 0(t))]=0.847×time of first attack+0.516×hyperlipidemia+0.736×distal bile duct stricture+0.942×history of biliary tract surgery+1.312×cholangiopancreatic stent. The perfor-mance evaluation showed that the AUC of ROC of prediction model was 0.757 (95% confidence interval as 0.713?0.811, P<0.05), and the optimal cut-off value was 1.41, the sensitivity and specificity were 69.2% and 72.9% respectively. Conclusions:The time of first attack <30 days, hyperlipidemia, distal bile duct stricture, history of biliary tract surgery and postoperative biliary drainage mode as cholangiopancreatic stent are independent risk factors for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP. Patients with evaluation score >1.41 in prediction model were at high risk for common bile duct calculi recurrence after ERCP.

Objective To investigate drug resistance genes and epidemic characteristics of β-lactamase carried by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the respiratory intensive care unit(RICU) in a hospital.Methods Clinically isolated CRAB from RICU patients in October-December 2015 were collected.Five drug resistance genes (KPC-2,IMP,VIM,NDM-1,OXA-23) were specifically amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),amplified products were performed agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing analysis,the homology was analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results A total of 22 CRAB strains were isolated in October-December 2015,19 (86.36％) of which were isolated from sputum.The resistance rate of 22 CRAB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole was 59.09 ％,resistance rate to minocycline was 9.09 ％,all were sensitive to polymyxin B,resistance rates to other antimicrobial agents were more than 80％.Three kinds of resistance genes KPC-2,IMP and NDM-1 were not found by PCR amplification,positive rates of VIM and OXA-23 were both 100％.PFGE homology analysis revealed that 22 strains were divided into 13 different types,each type contained 1-5 strains,9 types(69.23％) contained only 1 strain respectively,the other 4 types (30.77％) contained 2-5 strains.A5,A7,and A8;A9,A11,A14,A19 and A22;A4,A10 and A12;A16 and A18 were of the same type respectively.Conclusion The main types of β-lactamase-resistant genes of CRAB in RICU are VIM and OXA-23.Homology analysis shows a small parts are of the same clone strains,which reveals epidemic of a small scale.

Bone marrow cells in cultures were divided into four groups and cultured with various cytokines in vitro. These four groups are: control, IL-2 group, CD3-AK group, and CIK group. The morphological (cell volume, nucleus/plasm) changes of bone marrow cells in culture were observed. Immunophenotype analysis (CD34, CD38, CD3, CD56) were done before and after culture in all groups. Cytotoxicity against fresh acute leukemia cells were detected by modified MTT methods. The cell volume became larger with increased nucleus/plasm ratio in IL-2 group, CD3-AK group and CIK group. The plasm filled with PAS positive granules in most of cells in CD3-AK group and CIK group. The positive ratio of CD3, CD56, CD38 in CD3-AK or CIK group increased markedly after culture (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between the two groups. The CD56(+) cell increased in IL-2 group. CD34(+) cells decreased in all groups and there were no significant differences among those four groups. The cytotoxicity to fresh leukemia cells: CD3-AK group and CIK group > IL-2 group > control group. There was no significant difference between CD3-AK group and CIK group. This experiment showed different effect on bone marrow cells by different cytokine combination. The cytokine combination of CD3-AK group or CIK group can make immunocytes of bone marrow proliferating and retained certain amount of stem/progenitor cells.

Primary Intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a common cause of protein losing enteropathy (PLE). It will affect enter-hepatic circulation of lipid-soluble vitamin, and absorption of electrolytes, cause malnutrition related osteomalacia or osteoporosis. While seldom health care workers noted to assess and treat osteomalacia or osteoporosis in PIL. Here we report a related case. We found increased parathyroid hormone, decreased 25(OH)D3, low bone mineral density, which indicated that the PIL patient had osteomalacia and/or osteoporosis. Adequate calcium and vitamin D supply can relieve the condition efficaciously. We should pay attention to osteomalacia and osteoporosis in PIL patients.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal ; diagnosis ; Osteomalacia ; diagnosis ; Osteoporosis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Musk glucoprotein on chemotaxis of Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN).

METHODThe chemotaxis of PMN in abdominal cavity in rat induced by carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) was used as an in vivo animal model and in in vitro it was evaluated by Boyden chamber. The concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+ was quantitated with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2.

RESULTThe water extract of Musk at dose of 5, 20, 80 mg.kg-1 (s.c.) significantly inhibited the chemotaxis of PMN in rat; Musk-1 at concentration of 1-100 micrograms.mL-1 can significantly inhibit the chemotaxis of rabbit PMN in vitro; Musk-1 at concentration of 1-100 micrograms.mL-1 can significantly inhibit the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in PMN of rat.

CONCLUSIONPart of mechanisms underlying antiinflammatory action of Musk is to inhibit the chemotaxis of PMN.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the profile of protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

METHODSEleven patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected before CPB (T0), 1 h after CPB (T1) and at the end of operation (T2), and PBMCs were obtained by gradient centrifugation. The profile of protein expression was analyzed using 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. The candidate proteins were further identified by Western blotting.

RESULTCompared to protein profile at T0, 12 protein spots were identified to be up-regulated in PBMCs at T1 (P <0.05), among which S100A9 reached the peak level at T1 and decreased after operation,but not returned to its initial level.

CONCLUSIONResults indicate that 12 proteins are likely to be involved in CPB, however, their roles need to be elucidated.

Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Young Adult