Objective To investigate changes of serum cystatin C(Cys C),uric acid,HsCRP, IL-6,TNF-?,and lipids in patients with primary and secondary type Ⅱ b hyperhpidemia.Methods Seventy- five patients with primary and secondary type Ⅱb hyperlipidemia and 75 healthy controls were included in this study.Serum levels of TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,apoAI,apoB,Lp(a),Cys C,UA,HsCRP were measured by immunoturbidimetric assay on AU-640,and IL-6,TNF-? were detected.Results Patients showed higher serum TC,TG,LDL-C,apoB,UA,Cys C and HsCRP than the controls.The levels in patients were(3.70? 0.66)mmol/L,(9.50?0.92)mmol/L,(4.50?0.31)mmol/L,(1.70?0.21)g/L,(1.21?0.17) mg/L,(441.4?114.7)?mol/L,(11.5?3.2)mg/L respectively,while levels in controls were(1.88? 0.66)mmol/L,(4.00?0.66)mmol/L,(2.80?0.33)mmol/L,(0.74?0.23)g/L,(0.71?0.18) mg/L,(343.0?113.9)?mol/L,(1.8?0.7)g/L respectively.Serum Cys C was positively correlated with HsCRP and UA(P

To study the chemical constituents of the inflorescences of Coreopsis tinctoria from Xinjiang, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out by column chromatography on macroporous resin (D101) , MCI gel, MDS gel, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as coretinterpenoid A (1), coretinphenol (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin (5), taxifolin (6), 7, 3', 5'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), isookanin (8), isookanin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 5, 7, 3', 5'-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), butein (11), okanin (12), sulfuretin (13), and linocinnamarin (14). Compound 1 was a new isabolane-type sesquiterpenoid and compounds 4, 10 and 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Coreopsis ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Plants in Ainsliaea genus, belongs to Compositae family, are traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in folk. These plants contain various types of chemical components, and main components are sesquiterpene lactone and its glycosides. In addition, there are triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic acid, long chain fatty acid and volatile oils. Recently, much attention has been payed to varlous research of A. fragrans. This paper reviewed and summarized the chemical components to provide the theoretical basis for the use of Ainsliaea.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure

A new benzene derivative microintegerrin C (1) and a new norsesquiterpenoid microintegerrin D (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), were isolated and identified from stems and leaves of Micromelum integerrimum by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-18 column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were mainly identified based on the spectral data analysis such as 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-EI-MS. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; isolation & purification

Molecular imprinting technique (MIT) involves the synthesis of polymer in the presence of a template to produce complementary binding sites in terms of its size, shape, and functional group orientation. Such kind of polymer possesses specific recognition ability towards its template molecule. Despite the rapid development of MIT over the years, the majority of the template molecules that have been studied are small molecules, while molecular imprinting of proteins remains a significant yet challenging task due to their large size, structural flexibility and complex conformation. In this review, we summarize the research findings over the past five years, and discuss the characteristics of the technique, the most recent progress and the perspective in the field of molecular imprinting of proteins.
Epitopes ; chemistry ; Molecular Imprinting ; methods ; trends ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Proteins ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanisms of recipient-derived immature dendritic cells(imDC) transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor antigen on renal allografts survival in the rats.Methods DC were cultured from recipient rats'(Lewis) bone marrow,transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor antigen.The expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ was detected,and the ability of DC stimulating lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was measured.Male Brown Norwav rats and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients respectively.Four groups were set up(DC group,empty transfection group,transfection group and control group),receiving 1×10~7 DC,Adv-0-DC,Adv-IKK2dn-DC loaded with BN antigen,and equal volume of normal saline,respectivelv 7 davs before transplantation.In the third party donor-group,Wistar rats as donors were treated the same as DC;group before transplantation.After transplantation,the T lymphocyte proliferation in reciPients was measured and the expression of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ was detected.The survival time of recipients and the acute reiection were observed.Pathological changes were examined tO identify the grade of rejection.Results DC assessment in vivo revealed that the transfected DC could still express CD86 and MHC Ⅱ in a low level as compared with those not transfected with IKK2dn. After DC were loaded with donor's antigen,the expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ was up-regulated.After DC were transfected with IKK2dn before loaded with donor's antigen, the expression of CD86 and MHC Ⅱ had no significant change. When DC were loaded with donor's antigen, its allostimulatory activity of T lymphocyte proliferation was enhanced (P<0. 05). When DC were transfected with IKK2dn before loaded with donor's antigen, its allostimulatory activity of T lymphocyte proliferation was not enhanced. Compared with control groups, IKK2dn-transfected DC pulsed with BN splenocyte lysate markedly prolonged the survival of renal allografts (26. 8±1.76d, P<0.01), and elicited markedly lower proliferative responses and reduced IL-2 and IFN-γ production. The pathological grade of rejection was low in the transfection group. Conclusion Recipient-derived imDC transfected with IKK2dn and loaded with donor splenocyte lysate could prolong the renal allograft survival in rats probably by down-regulating the expression of DC costimulatory molecules and inhibiting the T_H 1 cytokine production.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal(IT)mibefradil on the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia following chronic compression of dorsal mot ganglion(CCD)in rats,trying to elucidate the role of T-type calcium channels in the nociceptive signal transmission at spinal level.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-250 g were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ sham operation;group Ⅱ CCD;group Ⅲ CCD+normal saline(N.S.)and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ CCD+mibefradil 50 ?g(Ⅳ),100 ?g (Ⅴ),200 ?g(Ⅵ).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal(IP)1% pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1). Intrathecal catheter was placed according to the technique described by Yaksh et al.Five days after IT catheter placement L_4 and I_5 dorsal root ganglion(DRG)compression(CCD)was performed in group Ⅱ-Ⅵ.In sham operation group(Ⅰ)only L_(4-5) transverse processes and intervertebral foramina were exposed but DRGs were not compressed.In group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,and Ⅵ 5 days after CCD model was established a bolus of mibefradil 50,100 and 200 ?g in 10 ?l NS was given IT.In group Ⅲ NS 10 ?l was given IT instead of mibefradil.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)using Von Frey filament and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)using radiant heat applied to the plantar surface were measured before CCD(baseline)and 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 days after CCD in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ and before and 30,60,120,240 and 480 min after IT mibefradil in group Ⅲ-Ⅵ.Results The animals in group Ⅱ(CCD group)developed mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia from the 1st day after operation to the end of the experiment.IT mibefradil 50,100 and 200 ?g can all attenuate both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCD.Conclusion Spinal T-type calcium channel may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Tongfu granules(通腑颗粒) on the gastro- intestinal dysfunction in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods: The trial was prospective,multi-centric and clinically controlled.One hundred and forty patients with MODS who had been selected were randomly divided into two groups: mosapride citrate group and Tongfu granules group.Respectively at 0 hour,the 48 th hour,the 7 th day or before death, the following scoring systems were calculated: the intestinal dysfunction score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ((APACHEⅡ)) score and Marshall score.The duration of mechanical ventilation,hospitalization in intensive care unit(ICU) and the prognosis within 28 days were recorded.Results: After treatments,the intestinal dysfunction score,(APACHEⅡ) score and Marshall score of all patients decreased,at the same time,the therapeutic effects of Tongfu granules group were more significant than those in mosapride citrate group(P20 scores.The mortality was elevated with the increased number of dysfunction organs.Conclusion: Tongfu granules can ameliorate the severity of the disease situation andimprove the prognosis of patients with MODS.

Purpose To study the application of MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) quantitative parameters in grading of cerebral glioma on a 3.0T scanner. Materials and Methods DTI mapping of 51 cases of cerebral glioma confirmed by pathology were retrospective analyzed. All the cases were divided into two groups: low-grade gliomas (grade I-II, 18 cases) and high-grade gliomas (grade III-IV, 33 cases). Value of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD),λ1, λ2, and λ3 of the tumor, peritumoral edema and contralateral tissue area were recorded and compared. Results rMDt, rADt, rRDt, λ1t, λ2t and λ3t of tumor in the low-grade glioma group were higher than those in the high-grade glioma group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.235- -2.458, P<0.05). rFAt was lower in the low-grade glioma group, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.554, P>0.05). rFAe of peritumoral edema in the low-grade glioma group was higher than those in the high-grade group, while rMDe, rADe, rRDe, λ1e, λ2e and λ3e were lower in the low-grade group. All differences were not statistically significant except λ1e (t=2.052, P<0.05). ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (Az) of rMDt, rADt, rRDt, λ1t, λ2t, λ3t and λ1e were 0.746, 0.710, 0.762, 0.735, 0.722, 0.705 and 0.374, respectively. Az value of rMDt, rADt, rRDt,λ1t, λ2t, λ3t were statistically different between the low- and high-grade gliomas (Z=3.287-4.605, P<0.001). Conclusion Among DTI quantitative parameters on glioma grading, rMD, rAD, rRD, λ1, λ2, and λ3 of tumor area are helpful in grading gliomas.

Background Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)is a cation channel isolated from the eyespot of Chlamydomonas algae and has been used to control neuron activity.The light stimulation is a more precise fashion whether space or time than that of electrical,magnetic and ultrasound stimulation. Objective This study was to construct a replication deficient recombinant adenovirus cxpression vector of ChR2 and to determine its function.Methods Human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line was cultured and passaged in DF12 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS).The ChR2 gene was cloned at the downstream of cytomegalovirus(CMV)promoter of the adenoviral shuttle plasmid pSB291 in sense direction,and the resultant recombinant plasmid pSB291-hChR2- GFP was transfected into HEK293 cell together with plasmid pBHG lox ( deltaE1,3 ) containing adenoviral genome,then small amounts replication deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of ChR2 (Ad-ChR2) was obtained.Through amplification gradient centrifugation and dialysis,pure Ad-ChR2 was obtained.Visual cortex cells derived from 4 1-day-old clean Long Evans rats were primary cultured with serum-free culture media and infected by AdChR2.When expressing green fluorescencc,those cells received the stimulated of blue light with 460 nm.Patch clamp technique was applied to record an action potential. Results After purification and concentration,the titer of AdhCHR2 reached 7.9×1010 PFU/ml.Twenty-four hours after transfect of Ad-ChR2,HEK293 cell membrane showed the green fluorescence for the recombinant plasmid with green fluorescence protein under the inversed fluorescence microscope.The HEK293 cells change their shape from flat to round 13 days after transfected.The primary cultured visual cortex cells exhibited the green fluorescence 3-5 days after infected by Ad-ChR2.The action potentials evoked by blue light stimulation were recorded with patch clamp on those cells expressing green fluorescence. Conclusions Ad-ChR2 expressing vector is constructed successfully in this study.It is verified that Ad-ChR2 expressing vector can infect visual cortex cells with visual function.This result is very important for visual plasticity study.