Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer worldwide,and there are still half of the patients undergoing recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment,so it is necessary for colorectal cancer patients to receive radiation therapy routinely.Due to the side effects brought by radiotherapy,it is of great importance to solve how to minimize the radiation dose in radiation therapy and improve radiation sensitivity.In recent years,people discovered that microRNAs can not only be involved in the origins of colorectal cancer and progress,but also play a increasingly important role in cancer radiosensitivity.MicroRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity by influencing tumor microenvironment and function on target genes.DNA damage response caused by radiation includes the activation of ATM,histone modification and chromatin remodeling,cell cycle arrest,damage repair and apoptosis.microRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity through above processes.This review focuses on the mechanism of microRNAs in affecting DNA damage repair and prospects the future of microRNAs in influencing the sensitivity of cancer radiotherapy in clinical application.

Objective To develop an effective way to evaluate the accurate platelet count in a patient with anticoagulants-induced pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP).Methods It was studied that various anticoagulants effect on the platelets count for an infrequent patient with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP. When vitamin B6,aminophylline,gentamicin and amikacin were separately added to four anticoagulated blood samples from anticoagulants-dependent patient within 15 min after blood withdrawal,platelets count and morphological changes of blood cells after 4 hours of incubation at room temperature were investigated. The best anti-aggregating agent and its optimal concentration among them were explored.Results The four anticoagulants all could not inhibit the aggregation of the patient's platelets.Only amikaein among the above anti-aggregating agents can prevent and dissociate the aggregation of platelets without apparent morphological changes of blood cells and the platelet counts was stable within 4 hours after blood drawn when amikacin was added either before or after blood sampling.With increasing the concentration of amikaein,the platelet counts increase and then tend to be stable.The optimal concentration of amikacin is 5 mg/ml blood.Conclusions The supplementation of amikaein either before or after blood sampling is a useful method for the diagnosis anticoagulants-dependent PTCP and for the eva/uation of platelet counts in infrequent patients with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP.

Objective To study the effects of mild hypothermia (MH) on blood coagulation and cerebral microcirculation in rabbits after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Method A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly (random number) divided equally into normothermic group (NT) and MH group. CPR model was established by ventricular fibrillation induced by using alternating current. The rabbits of NT group were observed for 12 h in room temperature after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The mild hypothermia was induced in the rabbits of group MH by surface cooling after ROSC, and maintained for 12 h after the aimed low temperature reached. The PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), INR (international normalized ratio of prothrombin), D-dimmer (DD) , blood platelet count (BPC) , anti-thrombin Ⅲ activity (AT-Ⅲ) and protein C activity (PC) were measured before CPR and 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after ROSC, and at the same time the cerebral microcirculation was measured by using PERIMED Multichannel Laser Doppler system. One-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney rank was used to determine the statistical significance between two groups. LSD-t test was used for multiple comparisons,t test for comparisons of means between two independent samples, and Pearson correlation test for correlation analysis. Results The PT, APTT and INR showed a trend of gradually shortening during the course. The APTT in 12 h after ROSC was significantly shorter than that before CPR (23.32 ±5.19 vs. 29.53 ±5.10,P = 0.025), and the activity of AT- Ⅲ and PC were decreased significantly. Compared with the group NT,the PT, APTT and INR in group MH were increased significantly, while there were no differences in the activity of AT- Ⅲ, PC and D-D between two groups. The rates of cerebral microcirculation in group NT before CPR and 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after ROSC were 401.60 ± 11.76 mL/min, 258.86 ± 34. 58 mL/min,317.59 ± 23.36 mL/min and 371.98 ± 5.79 mL/min, respectively, and those in group MT were 398.18 ±12.91 mL/min, 336.19 ± 19.27 mL/min, 347.76 ± 13.80 mL/min and 383.78 ± 3.29 mL/min, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups at each interval after ROSC (4 h: t = - 6.025,df=16, P=0.000;8 h: t= -2.942, df=12, P=0.012;12 h: t= -3.959, df=8, P=0.004). The Pearson correlation test showed that the rate of cerebral microcirculation was positive correlated with APTT after ROSC (4 h:R =0.503,P=0.033;8 h:R=0. 565,P=0. 035;12 h:R=0. 774,P=0. 009), and was not correlated with the other blood coagulants. Conclusions The mild hypothermia led to the inhibition of blood coagulation and improved the cerebral microcirculation concomitantly, which may be one of the mechanism of cerebral protection.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and premature coronary heart disease (PCHD) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS).

METHODSrs4343, rs4293, and rs4267385 were selected at SNP from ACE gene. Allele and genotype were detected. Frequencies of allele and genotype were compared by using time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique (TOF-MS).

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control group, genotype of rs4293 and rs4267385 in ACE gene were similar, but there was statistical difference in polymorphisms and allele frequencies of rs4343 in the I and II group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The frequency of G allele was higher in the 3 groups than in the healthy control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The relative risk analysis showed that the risk for PCHD occurrence in G allele carriers at rs4343 (GG +AG) was 3. 6 times the risk in non-G allele carriers (95% CI: 1.224-10.585, P = 0.02). There was also statistical difference in sex, age, TC, and TG after adjusted Logistic regression analysis (OR = 3.994, 95% CI: 1.230-12.974, P = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphism at rs4343 (G2350A) might be one of risk factors for PCHD occurrence, but not a predisposing factor for PCHD patients of BSS.

Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Artery Disease ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors

Objective To systematically evaluate the psychological intervention effect of music therapy on the patients during the digestive endoscopic process.Methods The databases of EMbase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and CSCD were retrieved by computer,the retrieval time was from their establishment to March 2016.The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the music therapy application in the digestive endoscopic process were included.The data were independently extracted by 2 researchers for conducting the literature quality assessment.After extracting and checking the data,the meta analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results Twenty-six RCTs conforming to the standard were included,involving 4593 patients.The meta analysis results showed that the music therapy could alleviate the anxiety status(SMD=-0.82,95％ CI:-1.14--0.49,P＜0.01),relieve the pain perception(WMD=-1.27,95％CI:-1.87--0.66,P＜0.01),remit the vital signs fluctuations of blood pressure,heart rate and respiratory rate(P＜0.01),meanwhile shorten the duration of examination procedure (WMD=-4.64,95％CI:-6.75--2.52,P＜0.01).Conclusion The current evidences indicate that the music application during the digestive endoscopic process can obviously decrease the anxiety status and pain perception.

To clone and analyze a member of the Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family, RgIAA1, from Rehmannia glutinosa. The transcriptional EST database of R. glutinosa was used to clone the new Aux/IAA gene by cDNA probe of AtIAA14. Bioinformatics was applied to analyze the sequence characteristics of RgIAA1 protein and construct phylogenetiC trees. Quantitative RT-PCR has been applied to detect the transcription level of RgIAA1 in seven tissues as well as in leaves under three stresses. The results showed that, the cDNA sequence of RgIAA1 contains 903 bp was obtained. The open reading frame (ORF) of RgIAA1 was 681 bp encoding 226 amino acids, which has typical structural domains and characteristic sequence of Aux/IAA family proteins. RgIAA1 showed the highest expression level in unfolded leaf, followed by the stem. And the expression of RglAA1 was quickly decreased with leaf growing up. The transcription level increased under continuous cropping conditions while it reduced both in salinity and waterlogging stresses. RgIAA1, an Aux/IAA gene from R. glutinosa has been obtained for the first time, which can lay the foundation for further studies about its molecular function in development and responses to stress.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Rehmannia ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo detect the presence of ion channel protein and its role in cell growth and proliferation in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (SCC).

METHODSHuman head and neck squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cell line was tested with transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) antibody using the method of immunocytochemistry. The role of TRPM7 in cell growth and proliferation was evaluated through its blockade by ion channel blockers and specific siRNA using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay technique.

RESULTSClear immunoreactivity against TRPM7 was detected in almost all SCC-25 cells tested, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in negative control. The inhibitory effect of Gd3+, a non-specific ion channel blocker, on cell growth and proliferation was potent. Addition of 10 micromol/L Gd3+ (n = 16) and 100 micromol/L Gd3+ (n = 16) in the culture medium significantly inhibited the growth of SCC-25 cells, as compared with control cells growing in normal medium (t was 4.1414 and 6.2661, P was 0.0256 and 0.0082 respectively). However, the effect of 2-APB was striking. Cell proliferation was almost totally suppressed in the presence of 100 micromol/L 2-APB (t = 13.4493, P = 0.0008, n = 16) compared with cells growing in normal medium. Suppression of TRPM7 expression by siRNA also significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of these cells (t = 4.3446, P = 0.0002, n = 32, compared with nontransfected cells),whereas cells transfected with negative control siRNA showed no difference in cell proliferation compared with nontransfected cells.

CONCLUSIONSAll of those results strongly suggest the existence of TRPM7 channel in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Ion channel blockers serve as a potent inhibitor of SCC-25 cell proliferation. The striking inhibitory effect of 2-APB on cell growth and proliferation may promise clinical workers an inspiring remedy for fighting against carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; TRPM Cation Channels ; metabolism

A UPLC-MS/MS method based on metabonomic skills was developed to study the serum metabolic changes of rats after acute liver injury induced by CCl4 and to evaluate the action mechanism of Si-Ni-San. The integrated data were exported for principal components analysis (PCA) by using SIMCA-P software, in order to find the potential biomarkers. It showed that clear separation of healthy control group, model group, silymarin group, Si-Ni-San group was achieved by using the PCA method. Nine significantly changed metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of acute liver injury. Compared with the health control group, the model group rats showed higher levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan and GCDCA together with lower levels of LPC 16 : 0, LPC 18 : 0, LPC 18 : 1, LPC 16 : 1, LPC 20 : 4 and LPC 22 : 6. These changes of serum metabolites suggested that the disorders of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and anti-oxidative damage were related to acute liver injury induced by CCl4. Si-Ni-San might have the anti-liver injury effect on all these four metabolic pathways.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; etiology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glycodeoxycholic Acid ; blood ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; blood ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Phenylalanine ; blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tryptophan ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of oral intake of glucose solution before surgery on the pH at the lower esophagus, perioperative blood glucose level, and plasmic protein in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.

METHODSBetween January 2008 and December 2008, 60 patients undergoing radical surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled and randomized into three groups using the table of random digits. Four patients were withdrawn from the study. Patients in group A (n=19) were given 800 ml of 12.5% glucose solution for oral intake the night before surgery, and 200 ml two hours before surgery. Patients in group B (n=19) were given distilled water instead of glucose. Patients in group C (n=18) were asked to fast for 8-12 hours before operation. Combined general and epidural anesthesia was used. pH at the lower esophagus was monitored during intubation and extubation. Albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, insulin, and fasting blood glucose were measured before surgery and at postoperative day 1, 3, and 7.

RESULTSpH at the lower esophagus was 8.05±0.43 in group A, 7.98±0.41 in group B, and 7.94±0.41 in group C. There were no perioperative acid regurgitations (P>0.05). Serum insulin in group A at postoperative day 1 was (16.32±16.11) μU/L, which was significantly lower than that in group B (30.65±41.74) μU/L and group C (34.01±52.91) μU/L. Log HOMA-IR in group A at postoperative day 1 was significantly lower than that in group B and group C (0.49±0.35 vs. 0.59±0.56 and 0.60±0.63, P<0.05). Transferrin in group C at postoperative day 3 and 7 was significantly lower than that in the other two groups, as was albumin at postoperative day 3 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONOral liquid intake 2 hours before surgery is not associated with increased risk of regurgitation or aspiration during intubation and extubation, and may glucose solution intake reduce insulin resistance and protein degradation after colorectal surgery.

Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; surgery ; Female ; Glucose ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; drug effects ; Insulin Resistance ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoperative Care ; Young Adult