Objective To observe the protection effects of sodium ?-aescinate(SA) on the nervous function in the rats with early spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=30).Rats in the blank control group were performed laminectomy only,while those in the other three groups were injured at the level of Tl1 spinal segment by Allen's weight drop method(10 g ?10 cm) and immediately intraperitoneally given normal saline(5.0 mg/kg)(control group), SA(5.0 mg/kg)(SA group) and methylprednisolone(100 mg/kg)(MP group) once daily,respectively.After 8 h,24 h,96 h,7 d and 14 d,spinal cord function change of posterior limb were determined with Rivlin method.The rats were sacrificed and the injured segments were resected for pathological analysis. Results As time prolonged,the rehabilitation of spinal cord function with various degree could be observed in each group.Function rehabilitation was found among the rats in the control group,SA group and MP group 96 h after injury,and more rehabilitation was gained later in the latter two groups,while that was not the case in the control group.Rats in the SA and MP group gained more significant rehabilitation than those in the control group(P0.05).It was revealed by pathological analysis that no necrotic neurons was found in the blank control group,and the necrotic neurons in the SA group and MP group were significantly less than the control group at the same time points(P

Objective To investigate the effects of Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang on serum contents of microelements sunch as Zn,Cu,Fe,Se and Mn in spontaneously hypertensive rats-stroke prone(SHR/SP). Methods Twenty male SHR/SP of 8 weeks old were divided into two groups: treatment group(n=10),treatmemt with Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang;control group,taking normal feed.Ten WKY rats were served as blank group. The experiment lasted for three months,and the monitored parameters were serum contents of microelements such as Zn,Cu,Fe,Se and Mn. Results It was revealed that the serum contents of Zn,Mn and Se of the blank group were significantly higher than those of the treatment group(P0.05). Conclusion Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang may have regulatory effects on the serum contents of microelements such as Zn,Cu,Fe,Se and Mn in SHR/SP.

OBJECTIVE To study the relation between the occurrence of nosocomial infection(NI) and white blood cell(WBC) count in malignant tumor patients after chemotherapy.METHODS The occurrence of NI and leukopenia and application of granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) in patients after chemotherapy from Jan 2003 to Jun 2004 was investigated and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Among 2 040 patients,8.87% developed NI,and case rate was 11.67%;among patients with WBC count

PurposeThe restriction of strain ratio (SR) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant tumor are caused mainly because of disadvantages including low sensitivity, in this research the authors used different calculation methods of strain ratio based on the size of tumors, to explore the clinical application value of them on the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Materials and Methods Data of 336 patients with thyroid nodule (340 nodules) who underwent elasticity imaging and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration were retrospective analyzed, with the pathology combined follow up acted as golden standards, fixed surface area assay and true surface area assay of strain ratio were compared on the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with various size.Results Among 340 thyroid nodules, there were 91 small nodules and 249 big nodules. Pathological results showed that 36 of 91 small nodules and 104 of 249 big nodules were malignant, while the others were benign. The true surface area assay was significantly better for the diagnosis of smaller thyroid nodules with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter<8 mm with higher consistency with pathology (χ2=20.89,P<0.01), and fixed surface area assay is more suitable of thyroid nodules with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter>8mm (χ2=57.08,P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and consistency for the diagnosis of malignant nodules of true surface area assay were 57.10%, 83.00% and 72.30% (Kappa=0.413), which were 73.60%, 85.00% and 72.30% (Kappa=0.590) in the fixed surface area assay, and 85.00%, 85.50% and 85.30% (Kappa=0.699) in the selective usage of two methods according to the tumor size, respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity is highest when using the two methods selectively according to the nodule size, with a better consistence rate with pathological results as well.

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneously determination of five isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, puerarin, mirificin, and 6″-O-xylosidepuerarin) in Pueraria Radix by single marker (QAMS), which is feasible and accurate. Methods: Puerarin was taken as internal standard substance to establish the relative correction factor (RCF) for quantitative analysis of multi-components with QAMS. Thus, the contents of mirificin, 6″-O-xylosidepuerarin, daidzin, and daidzein were calculated. The contents in 10 batches of samples were determined by external standard method and QAMS. The scientificalness and feasibility of the methods were evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. Results: The reproducibility of RCF was perfect. The results calculated with QAMS were consistent with the results by the external standard method. Conclusion: QAMS is accurate and feasible to evaluate the quality of Pueraria Radix.

Objective To summarize the common types and clinical characteristics of ureter disease;which can increase manipulation difficulties and adverse events during rigid ureteroscopic procedures. Methods From Jan 2001 to Dec 2010,our team performed 317 rigid ureteroscopic Drocedures for ureteroscopic examination or treatment;including 60 difficult procedures(34 male and 26 female).The mean age of the patients was 37 years (range,18 to 71).The ureteral diseases were classifted into five types according to the pathological characteristics:Type Ⅰ calculous stenosis,Type Ⅱ neoplastic stenosis;Type Ⅲ non-congenital stenosis,Type Ⅳ congenital stenosis,Type Ⅴ expansion of tortuous ureters.The operative time,complications,and conversion to open surgery were evaluated,and the therapeutic methods were analyzed. Results Of the 60 difficuhly-manipulated procedures,the mean manipulated time was 75 min (range,31 to 200).Intra-operative complications occurred in 9 procedures,including 4 cases of mucosal bleeding,2 cases of submucosaI false passage and 3 cases of ureteral perforation.Eleven procedures were converted to open surgery. In five procedures only a double J tube was inserted for drainage due to the difficulty of entering the ureter.Fiftyfive patients were followed up for 17 months (range,3 to 110);48 patients were cured,5 patients improved and 2 patients were unchanged. Conclusions The five types of ureteral disease can increase operative difficulties and risks of rigid ureteroscopic procedures.We should be cautious during surgery and should stop manipulation or convert to other surgeries if necessary.

Objective To assess the application of echocardiography in mini-invasive surgical device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods 73 VSD patients including 35 with aneurysm formation and among them 21 with multi-defects in the aneurysm were treated by mini-invasive device closure. A closure device was positioned to the defect through parastemal mini-incision in all patients. TEE was used to monitor the whole procedure, to guide the device positioning and to evaluate the curative effect instantly after operation. All patients were evaluated by TTE one year postoperatively. Results All patients were successfully positioned closure devices by TEE guiding. 9 cases were found with trace to small amount residual shunt instantly after operation. 7 cases still had small amount residual shunt at the time of 48 hours after the operation. In the one year follow-up, 4 cases had residual shunt, but the size and volume of left ventricle were significantly reduced than those before operation, and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure was also reduced. Conclusion Echocardiography possesses an important role in preoperative indication screening, intraoperation monitoring and evaluating the curative effect postoperatively.

Objective To develop an effective way to evaluate the accurate platelet count in a patient with anticoagulants-induced pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP).Methods It was studied that various anticoagulants effect on the platelets count for an infrequent patient with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP. When vitamin B6,aminophylline,gentamicin and amikacin were separately added to four anticoagulated blood samples from anticoagulants-dependent patient within 15 min after blood withdrawal,platelets count and morphological changes of blood cells after 4 hours of incubation at room temperature were investigated. The best anti-aggregating agent and its optimal concentration among them were explored.Results The four anticoagulants all could not inhibit the aggregation of the patient's platelets.Only amikaein among the above anti-aggregating agents can prevent and dissociate the aggregation of platelets without apparent morphological changes of blood cells and the platelet counts was stable within 4 hours after blood drawn when amikacin was added either before or after blood sampling.With increasing the concentration of amikaein,the platelet counts increase and then tend to be stable.The optimal concentration of amikacin is 5 mg/ml blood.Conclusions The supplementation of amikaein either before or after blood sampling is a useful method for the diagnosis anticoagulants-dependent PTCP and for the eva/uation of platelet counts in infrequent patients with anticoagulants-dependent PTCP.

objective To explore the role of cytokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in rat high-risk corneal allograft survival pro- longed by superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and to compare the different effects between SEB and glucocorticoid. Design Experimental study.Participants Fisher 344 and Lewis rats.Methods The Fisher 344 and Lewis inbred rats were used for high-risk penetrating keratoplasty model.All of the Lewis rat recipients were divided into three groups by blinded fashion.GroupⅠand GroupⅡrats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml saline buffer or SEB (75?g/ml) respectively at 4-day intervals on three occasions before transplantation.GroupⅢrats were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1ml dexamethasone (1mg/ml) daily from the first day after surgery for 2 weeks.The allograft survival was examined under slit-lamp.The concentration of interleukin IL-1?,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6, IL-10,TNF-?in rat aqueous humor and peripheral blood were measured by liquichip and the cytokine and CD11c,CD80,MHC-Ⅱex- pression in corneal grafts were examined by immunohistochemestry staining.Main Octcome Measures Mean survival time of the allo- grafts,the level of cytokines in aqueous humor,peripheral blood and corneal grafts.Results Compared with group control,the grafts mean survival time was delayed about 3.8d in group SEB (P=0.00) and 7.1d in group dexamethasone(P=0.01).But there was no signifi- cant difference between group SEB and dexamethone (P=0.26).Liquichip test showed that the level of IL-1?in aqueous humor was re- duced and IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-?,ascended.Only IFN-?,and IL-6 could be found in peripheral blood,and the changing shift of them was similar to that in aqueous humor.The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of IL-2 in rat corneal grafts was signif- icantly decreased but IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 elevated.The expression of DCs in group SEB was similar to that in group control,which was elevated after keratoplasty,but the phenotype of DCs was not the same.There were predominantly mature DCs in group control while immature DCs in group SEB.Conclusions The immunological inhibiting effect of SEB is same to glucocorticoid,but the mecha- nism is different.SEB can modulate immune response,which might induce immune inhibition via the local production of cytokines and effect on DCs maturation involving corneal graft rejection prevention.

Objective To evaluate the functional changes in the isometric,concentric and eccentric muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors in patients with knee osteoarthritis,and to explore the relationship among these contractions.Methods A Biodex System-3 isokinetic test system was used to assess the isometric,concentric and eccentric strength of the knee extensors and flexors of the involved and uninvolved limbs of 54 patients suffering from osteoarthritis.Results The strength of the knee extensors and flexors of the involved limbs was significantly less than that of the uninvolved legs in the different contraction modes(P＜0.05).The difference was especially marked in concentric and eccentric contraction at low angular velocity.The hamstrings/quadriceps ratio and the dy- namic control ratio showed abnormalities in the muscle balance of the hamstrings and quadriceps.Conclusion Iso- kinetic testing should be applied and the hamstrings/quadriceps ratio and the dynamic control ratio should be analyzed in evaluating patients with knee osteoarthritis.