Good standardized training of resident physicians is indispensable for high quality medical personnel building.This paper gives a brief introduction to the experiences of endocrinology fellowship trainings in three top hospitals in USA.On the basis of current simation in China,a new and improve the quality'is proposed,and a new approach is explored,which is a valuable reference for the endocrine resident trainings in China.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)is a common eye disease characterized by macular serous retinal detachment.However,sometimes there are some atypical features,such as diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy,choroidal neovascularization (CNV),acute bullous retinal detachment,subretinal fibrosis,etc.Atypical CSC often is misdiagnosed because of its similar manifestations to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV),inflammatory diseases such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH),et al.Furthermore,there are some other ophthalmic and systematic diseases which can cause serous retinal detachment and other atypical features.Nevertheless,the therapeutic regimens of these diseases are in great variation.In view of this,oculist should pay more attention to the differential diagnosis of CSC by fully understanding its clinical findings and concerning the general history including gluococorticoid administration.In this way,a precise diagnosis and correct management can be done.

Objective To investigate the expression of NANOG gene in cervical cancer and its effect on the development of the cancer. Methods By using immunohistochemistry, NANOG expression levels were demonstrated in normal cervical tissues, cervical cancer in situ and cervical cancer tissues. Tumor sphere cells from cervical cancer tissue and their differentiated cells were injected into nude mice to observe the tumor growth. Results When compared with that of the normal cervical tissue, significantly higher NANOG protein expression level was found in cervical cancer and cervical cancer in situ (P<0.05). Tumor spheres were formed from the non-serum culture of cervical cancer tissue and the spheres could differentiate into epithelial-like cells. The sphere cells of cervical cancer caused tumor formation in nude mice. Conclusion The results suggest that cancer stem cells are present in cervical cancer and NANOG may play a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer.

Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; methods ; trends

Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; standards ; Reference Standards

Objective To identify the sex-related DNA copy number alterations (CNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization Carray- CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCCs. Two-tailed Fisher's exact test or χ2 test was used to compare the differences in CNA between females and males. Results The overall frequencies and patterns of CNA in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to male on lq21. 3-q22(76. 5% vs 37. 0%, P = 0. 009), llqll(35. 3% vs 0. 0%, P = 0. 000 2) and 19ql3. 31-ql3. 32(23. 5% vs 0. 0%, P = 0. 004), and more loss on 16pll. 2(35. 3% vs 6. 5%, P = 0. 009). Relative to females, male cases had more copy number loss on llqll(63. 0% vs 17. 6%, P = 0. 002). Further analyses showed that llqll gain was correlated with 19ql3. 31-ql3. 32 gain(P = 0. 042) and 16pll. 2 loss(P = 0. 033), while lq21. 3-q22 gain was correlated with 19ql3. 31-ql3. 32 gain(P = 0. 046). Conclusion Our findings suggest that CNA may play an important role in sex-related difference in HCC development.

Infantile spasms is a type of refractory epilepsy syndrome.This epilepsy syndrome is characterized by special tonic spasms,a peculiar set of electroencephalographic findings termed hypsarrhythmia,and arrest of psychomotor development in most patients.The etiology is not clearly understood.Recently,mutations of the arista less related homeobox gene(ARX),cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5(CDKL5)/se-rine/threonine kinase 9 gene(STK9),membrane associated guanylate kinase 2 gene(MAGI2),et al,and abnormal chromosome had been found to be responsible for infantile spasms.In this review,progress of infantile spasms in molecular genetics are discussed.

This aticle introduced the process of Botulinum toxin from toxin to drug, as well as the application in Spastic Cerebral Palsy such as dose, therapeutic estimation and side-effect etc.

Aim The effect and mechanism of human placental extract(HPE) on the lipoprotein-cholesterol metabolism, peroxidation and the function of platelet aggregation in hyperlipaemia rats were abserved.Methods Wistar rat with hyperlipaemia models were given each HPE 0.4 ml (100 g)-1?d-1 through lavage for 12 days.The serum levels of TG,TC,LDL-C,HDL-C and HDL2-C in its subgroup were measured.The activies of LPO and SOD in both blood and liver tissue were determined .The effect of HPE on lipidosis of liver were abserved by fat dyeing.The levels of 6-keto-PGF1?,TXB2 in plasma and maximum platelet aggregation rate were measured by ELASA. Result The levels of HDL-C and HDL2-C were increased (P

Animals ; Hypothyroidism ; physiopathology ; Learning ; Memory ; Mice ; Motor Activity