Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiomyopathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Moricizine ; therapeutic use ; Tachycardia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Dextroscope workstation is an advanced equipment developed in recent years and isused to make virtual reality model.We not only used it in surgical planning of thyroid disease,but also applied it in clinic teaching.Application of Dextroscope virtual reality system can help to improve students'capabilities of clinical thoughts and clinical techniques,stimulate their learning interest,enlarge the knowledge,shorten learning curve and release the conflict in practice.Dextroscope system will push forward the progress of education reform,so it is worth spreading.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on nNOS expression after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the possible mechanism of protective effect of propofol on brain. Method Seventy-eight male Wistar rats, weighting 250 ~ 300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)Sham operation group (S group, n=6) was performed with scham operation; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion group (group I-R, n=36) was subjected to 2-hour right middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfusion was followed, saline (1 mg/kg) was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe before reperfusion;(3) Propefol group (group P, n=36) was injected with propofol (1mg/kg) into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe right after ischemia. Group I-R and group P were divided into 3 subgroups according to the reperfusion time: 1 h, 3 h and 6 h. The neurological function of all rats were tested before reperfusion. The cerebral infarction area of the whole brain was calculated with TIC staining (n=6). The pathological change of brain was observed from HE staining (n=6) and the nNOS protein expression was obtained by immuno- histochemical method (n=6). Results Compared with I-R group, the neurological function was better in group P(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents in Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala.

METHODSilica gel flash chromatography together with Sephadex LH - 20 were performed for the isolation and purification of the petrol ether fraction of this plant, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis as well as the comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literatures.

RESULTNine compounds were obtained and identified as lupeol (1), lupeone (2), trans-hydroxy-cinnamoyl ester of lupeol (3), taraxerone (4), beta-amyril-palmitate (5), squalene (6),beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8) and 7alpha-hydroxy-sitosterol (9).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were first isolated from B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala.

Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizophoraceae ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The change of kirenol, darutigenol and darutoside in Siegesbeckia and its first to ninth processed products were studied, and the ten fingerprints were compared, which provided the experimental basis for the study of Siegesbeckia processing tech- nology. The samples were analysed by HPLC on a SunFire-C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid)-water (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Column temperaturewas 30 °C and the detected wavelength was 215, 320 nm. The calibration curves of kirenol, darutigenol and darutoside were linear in the range of 2.180-26.16, 2.900-34.80, and 1.012-6.072 mg x L(-1), respectively, and the average recoveries were 96.4%, 97.2% and 96.3% wit RSD 2.2%, 1.7% and 2.4%. This method was simple, the result was stable and had good repeatability, recovery and precision. The re- sult was the basis of the chemical contents variation in the processing of Siegesbeckia Herbs and further clarifying the effect of the changing.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Temperature

Objective:To summarize the therapeutic effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia.Methods:Detailed clinical information and peripheral blood of children with dystonia at Peking University First Hospital from April 2017 to July 2020 were collected.The motor scores of Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale were recorded of the dystonia before and after the treatment of DBS.Whole-exome sequencing was performed on children with dystonia.Then the effect of DBS was evaluated.Results:A total of 32 cases of patients with dystonia treated with DBS were enrolled, including 16 males and 16 females.Twelve cases were treated with globus pallidus internus DBS, and 20 cases were treated with subthalamic nucleus DBS.Twenty cases (62.5%) with pathogenic gene mutations were detected.Pathogenic variants in PANK2 (9 cases), KMT2B(3 cases), GNAO1 (2 cases), GCDH (2 cases), PINK1(1 case), NDUFAF6(1 case), DYT27(1 case) and ADCY5(1 case) were found.The follow-up period was 1 month to 3 years and 8 months.Only 1 case had local infection due to improper home care.The postoperative improvement was 5.66%-95.92%. Conclusions:All patients have a certain degree of relief after DBS without obvious adverse reactions.DBS is an effective treatment for pediatric dystonia.

Background:Q fever endocarditis,a chronic illness caused by Coxiella burnetii,can be fatal if misdiagnosed or left untreated.Despite a relatively high positive rate of Q fever serology in healthy individuals in the mainland of China,very few cases of Q fever endocarditis have been reported.This study summarized cases of Q fever endocarditis among blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) patients and discussed factors attributing to the low diagnostic rate.Methods:We identified confirmed cases of Q fever endocarditis among 637 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2006 and 2016.The clinical findings for each confirmed case were recorded.BCNE patients were also examined and each BCNE patient's Q fever risk factors were identified.The risk factors and presence of Q fever serologic testing between BCNE patients suspected and unsuspected of Q fever were compared using the Chi-squared or Chi-squared with Yates' correction for continuity.Results:Among the IE patients examined,there were 147 BCNE patients,of whom only 11 patients (7.5％) were suspected of Q fever and undergone serological testing for C.burnetii.Six out of 11 suspected cases were diagnosed as Q fever endocarditis.For the remaining136 BCNE patients,none of them was suspected of Q fever nor underwent relevant testing.Risk factors for Q fever endocarditis were comparable between suspected and unsuspected patients,with the most common risk factors being valvulopathy in both groups.However,significantly more patients had consulted the Infectious Diseases Division and undergone comprehensive diagnostic tests in the suspected group than the unsuspected group (100％ vs.63％,P =0.03).Conclusions:Q fever endocarditis is a serious yet treatable condition.Lacking awareness of the disease may prevent BCNE patients from being identified,despite having Q fever risk factors.Increasing awareness and guideline adherence are crucial in avoiding misdiagnosing and missed diagnosing of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gut microbiota in newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-2 and the association between the gut microbiota and the clinical risk factors of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Fresh fecal samples were collected from nineteen newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients with CKD stages 1-2 and fifteen age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Fecal bacterial DNA was extracted and microbiota composition were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing for the V3-V4 region. The Illumina Miseq platform was used to analyze the results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing of fecal flora. At the same time, the clinical risk factors of IgA nephropathy patients were collected to investigate the association between the gut microbiota and the clinical risk factors. RESULTS: (1) At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly reduced (P=0.046), and the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased (P=0.001). At the genus level, the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Bifidobacte-rium, Dorea and others were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The abundance of Lachnospira, Coprococcus_2 and Sutterella was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the abundance of gut microbiota between the newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients and the healthy control group (P>0.05), but there were differences in the structure of the gut microbiota between the two groups. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that there were 16 differential bacteria in the newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients and healthy controls. Among them, the abundance of the newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients was increased in Enterobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Escherichia-Shigella, etc. The healthy control group was increased in Bacteroidetes and Lachnospira. (3) The result of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with serum IgA levels, 24-hour urinary protein levels and the presence of hypertension. Lachnoclostridium was positively correlated with the presence of hypertension. Escherichia-Shigella was positively correlated with urine red blood cells account. Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with the proliferation of capillaries. Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with cell/fibrocytic crescents. Ruminococcus_2 was positively correlated with mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular segmental sclerosis and renal tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota in the newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients with CKD stages 1-2 is different from that of the healthy controls. Most importantly, some gut bacteria are related to the clinical risk factors of IgA nephropathy. Further research is needed to understand the potential role of these bacteria in IgA nephropathy.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Risk Factors ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of compound cantharides capsules on the proliferation of xenografts of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG(2215) in mice and their mechanism of action.

METHODSOne hundred healthy Balb/c mice (5-week old, male:female 1:1) were used in this study. Mouse models of human HepG(2215) hepatocarcinoma were established. The tumor-bearing mice were divided into five groups randomly. The control group A received daily intragastric administration of physiologic saline. The intervention groups B1, B2 and B3 were treated with compound cantharides capsule in a dose of 12.5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), 25 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) and 37.5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), respectively, for 10 consecutive days. The group C had intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (25 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) for 10 consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed after the completion of administration. The tumors were taken out, the tumor volume was measured, the inhibitory rate of body weight was calculated, and the serum AFP concentration and the level of HBV DNA were determined. The survival of each group mice was analyzed. The levels of mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes were assayed by quantitative RT-PCR. Apoptosis in the tumor cells was assayed with TUNEL staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD3(+), CD19(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+), and microvessel density (MVD) of the tumors was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAfter completion of the treatment, the inhibition rate of tumor growth of the groups B1, B2 and B3 was 29.8%, 38.7% and 48.1%, respectively, and that of the group C was 52.4%, with a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). The median survival time of the groups A, B1, B2, B3 and C was (30.0 ± 3.2) days, (49.0 ± 5.1) days, (50.0 ± 5.2) days, (57.5 ± 6.5) days and (49.0 ± 4.7) days, respectively. The median survival time of the group B3 was significantly longer than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The serum AFP level in the groups A, B1, B2, B3 and C was (492.7 ± 48.5) ng/ml, (281.2 ± 25.6) ng/ml, (194.3 ± 18.7) ng/ml, (170.1 ± 15.8) ng/ml and (138.7 ± 12.5) ng/ml, respectively, indicating that it was significantly inhibited in the group C. The inhibition rate of HBV DNA replication of the groups B1, B2, B3 and C was (46.0 ± 5.1)%, (65.5 ± 6.9)%, (81.3 ± 7.8)% and (19.5 ± 2.1)%, respectively, showing that compound cantharides capsules inhibited HBV DNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of the groups A, B1, B2, B3 and C was (0.27 ± 0.03)%, (7.18 ± 2.12)%, (9.17 ± 2.42)%, (11.27 ± 3.03)% and (5.44 ± 2.45)%, respectively, and that of the group B3 was significantly higher than that of the groups A, B1, B2 and C (P < 0.05). The expression level of bax mRNA was significantly higher than that of the group C (P < 0.05). The drug could significantly decrease the bcl-2 mRNA expression level, more remarkably along with the increasing dose of cantharides, and it was significantly lower than that in the group C (P < 0.05). The levels of CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(+) and CD19(+) were significantly higher than that in the groups A and C (P < 0.05). The value of MVD of the group B3 was significantly lower that that of groups A and C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompound cantharides capsules may inhibit the replication of HBV DNA in HepG(2215) cells, inducing apoptosis in the tumor cells, enhancing the immune function to inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells in mice, and significantly prolong the median survival time of tumor-bearing mice.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cantharidin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Virus Replication ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

To investigate the influence of sodium valproate (VPA) on proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of HL-60 cell line, effect of VPA in various concentrations on proliferation of HL-60 cells was detected by MMT; Wright-Giemsa staining was performed to observe the morphologic changes of HL-60 cells; NBT experiment was used to test the differentiation of HL-60 cells; flow cytometry was used to observe cell cycles and analyze the apoptosis. The results indicated that the changes of the growth curve showed inhibition of proliferation of HL-60 cells. After a 24-48 hours culture with 2 mmol/L VPA, the cells exhibited nuclear shrinkage, pyknosis fragmentation and appearance of apoptosis bodies. The percentage of the annexin V(+)/PI(-) cells which were apoptotic increased from 2.9% to 17.1%; hypodiploid peak was observed; the percentage of HL-60 cells in G(1) phase increased from 51.1% to 84.6% and the cells in S phase decreased from 37.9% to 14.4%. After a week culture with 0.25 mmol/L VPA, the cells exhibited characteristics of differentiation. The percentage of NBT positive cells was (47 +/- 2)%. It is concluded that VPA can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells while inducing differentiation and apoptosis of these cells. The mechanism needs to be further studied.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Valproic Acid ; pharmacology