Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast-conserving surgery. Methods In this study, 52 cases of breast cancer eligible for breast-conserving surgery judged by traditional screening methods from May 2004 to December 2007 were inspected preoperatively with MRI in order to detect the cases of muhicentric breast cancer. At the same time, tumor size and invasive extent was measured accurately with enhanced magnetic resonance sequence combined with fat-suppression to determine the minimally extent of the surgical excision required. Results In the 52 cases of breast cancer patients, 3 cases of multicentric breast cancer and 49 cases of single breast cancer were diagnosed by MRI ,there were 3 cases with extensive intraductal carcinoma in the cases of single breast cancer. The primary negative margin rate was 93.6% (44/47) in the 47 cases with breast-conserving surgery. Conclusions MRI has thesuperiority to detect the muhicentric disease and the extensive intraductal carcinoma of breast cancer.Therefore MRI is useful in determining the indication and the extent of surgical excision of breast-conservingsurgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.

METHODThe model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTJDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.

CONCLUSIONJiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Evans Blue ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Permeability ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Adult ; Female ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).

METHODSAdult C. elegans were exposed to different concentrations of NaF (0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L) for 24 h. To assess the physiological effects of NaF, the brood size, life span, head thrashes, and body bend frequency were examined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis were detected as parameters of biochemical response. The gene expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess the molecular-level response.

RESULTSAt the physiological level, the brood size of C. elegans exposed to 0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L concentrations of NaF were reduced by 6%, 26%, and 28% respectively in comparison with the control group. The maximum life spans of C. elegans exposed to 0.038 mmol/L, 0.38 mmol/L, and 3.8 mmol/L concentrations of NaF were reduced by 3 days and 5 days, respectively. Head thrashes and body bend frequency both decreased with increasing concentrations of NaF. At the biochemical level, the production of ROS and the incidence of cell apoptosis increased with increasing concentrations of NaF (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, different concentrations of NaF exposure raised the expression of stress-related genes, such as hsp16.1, sod-3, ctl-2, dhs-28, gst-1, and cep-1.

CONCLUSIONNaF exposure could induce multiple biological toxicities to C. elegans in a concentration-dependent manner. These toxicities may be relevant to the oxidative stress induced by increased ROS production and accumulation in C. elegans.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; drug effects ; metabolism ; DNA Primers ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium Fluoride ; toxicity

Clinical target volume (CTV) delineation is crucial for tumor control and normal tissue protection. This study aimed to define the locoregional extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to improve CTV delineation. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 2366 newly diagnosed NPC patients were reviewed. According to incidence rates of tumor invasion, the anatomic sites surrounding the nasopharynx were classified into high-risk (>30%), medium-risk (5%-30%), and low-risk (<5%) groups. The lymph node (LN) level was determined according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines, which were further categorized into the upper neck (retropharyngeal region and level II), middle neck (levels III and Va), and lower neck (levels IV and Vb and the supraclavicular fossa). The high-risk anatomic sites were adjacent to the nasopharynx, whereas those at medium-or low-risk were separated from the nasopharynx. If the high-risk anatomic sites were involved, the rates of tumor invasion into the adjacent medium-risk sites increased; if not, the rates were significantly lower (P<0.01). Among the 1920 (81.1%) patients with positive LN, the incidence rates of LN metastasis in the upper, middle, and lower neck were 99.6%, 30.2%, and 7.2%, respectively, and skip metastasis happened in only 1.2% of patients. In the 929 patients who had unilateral upper neck involvement, the rates of contralateral middle neck and lower neck involvement were 1.8% and 0.4%, respectively. Thus, local disease spreads stepwise from proximal sites to distal sites, and LN metastasis spreads from the upper neck to the lower neck. Individualized CTV delineation for NPC may be feasible.
Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neck ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Tumor Burden

Objective To investigate the characteristics of sleep patterns and their effects on the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) among adults in Guangzhou. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data collected by the lifestyle survey and health outcomes of 5 666 employees from Guangzhou who underwent physical examination between November 2012 and October 2013 at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. Sleep patterns and their distribution profiles were analysed using latent class analysis (LCA). Multiple logistic regression models were performed to investigate the association between sleep patterns and DM. Results LCA identified five sleep patterns: “very short sleep duration with insomnia” (class 1, 5.6%), “sleep insufficiency with mild daytime dysfunction” (class 2, 20.4%), “normal sleep” (class 3, 47.7%), “sleep insufficiency with daytime functioning complaints” (class 4, 4.7%) and “sleep insufficiency with poor nocturnal sleep” (class 5, 21.6%). After adjustment for the confounding factors, subjects of class 1 (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.51-3.43, <0.001), class 4 (OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.54-4.00, P<0.001) and class 5 (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.71, P=0.045) had a higher risk of DM when compared with those of class 3. Conclusions There were significant associations between various sleep-related factors, leading to distinct sleep behavioral patterns among adults. Poor sleep patterns could increase the risk of DM.

Objective·To investigate the influence of blocking receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on macrophages infiltration in diabetic wound healing. Methods·Ninety-six male C57BL/6J mice (8-week-old) were divided into diabetic group (n=72) and normal group (n=24) randomly. Diabetic mice were induced by streptozocin multiple intraperitoneal injection. One full-thickness excisional wound (diameter of 9 mm) was created by a sterilized punch. Diabetic mice were divided into 3 groups in which different topical treatments were applied to the wounds. Anti-RAGE antibody were applied in group R, rabbit IgG applied in group I, normal saline applied in group C. Normal mice were applied with saline topically (group N). All treatments were repeated on day 3 and day 7 after wounded. The wound healing conditions were observed. The wound and surrounding tissues from animals in each group were excised on day 1, 3, and 7 after wounded. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to investigate the changes of macrophages infiltration in quantity. Macrophages were also analyzed with respect to morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results·① The wound closure ratio of group R was higher than those of group C and group I on day 14 after being wounded (P=0.000). ② On day 1, the numbers of macrophages in group R and group N were both bigger than those of group C and group I, but smaller on day 14 (P=0.000). ③ The morphological characters of macrophages also existed great differences under TEM. Conclusion·Number and morphology of macrophages are both abnormal in diabetic wound in a RAGE pathway depending manner. Based on macrophages, it suggests that impaired healing of diabetic wound is closely related to RAGE pathway.

Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) and the durability of the home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P).Methods From May,2013 to Nov.,2015,14 patients who underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University and received at least 1 year follow-up were enrolled,including 3 males and 11 females,with an average age of (35.8 ± 7.8) years.All patients with tetralogy of Fallot received radical resection and developed severe pulmonary regurgitation.The longterm mortality,the operation related complications,the short term and long-term effect of PPVI,as well as the durability and effect of the self-expanding pulmonary valve were evaluated in the 14 patients.Results Over an average follow-up period of (2.3 ± 0.8) years (1.0-3.5 years),only 1 patient died (6.7 ％).During the follow-up,no deterioration,infective endocarditis,malignant arrhythmia and other serious complications was observed,and nobody needed reoperation.There was no valve displacement,valve stent fracture,obvious circumferential leakage and pulmonary regurgitation.After PPVI,an acute improvement in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was observed [(4.93 ± 3.37) mmHg vs.(11.47 ± 4.61) mmHg,P＜0.05].Six month postoperatively,right ventricular end diastolic volume measured by cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance was significantly reduced [(139.29± 18.21)mL/m2 vs.(83.03 ± 20.0) mL/m2,P＜0.05].At 1 year follow up,the across valve pressure difference were (20.85 ± 4.45) mmHg calculated by the echocardiography,and the NYHA cardiac function (Ⅰ-Ⅲ:4 cases;Ⅰ-Ⅱ:10 cases) was improved 1-2 degree and the distance of 6-minute walk test were significantly increased [(475.00 ± 55.06) m vs.(594.23 ± 194.51) m,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,the QRS duration decreased was also observed.The changes of the QRS duration have statistical significance after 1 and 3 months of the PPVI when compared with the baseline [(169.93 ± 21.34) ms vs.(159.87 ± 24.4) ms or (160.00 ± 27.0 ms,P＜0.05].Conclusions PPVI using home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P) for chronic pulmonary regurgitation has good long-term efficacy and low complication rate,and the valve is durable.

Objective To investigate the effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP)on proliferation and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP +)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, and mechanisms via mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) signaling pathway. Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,MPP+group,NBP group and URMC-099 group,that cultured normally,with 1 mmol/L MPP+for 24 hours,with 10μmol/L NBP for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,and with 200 nmol/L MLK3 inhibitor URMC-099 for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,respectively.The morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed under inverted phase contrast mi-croscope and the survival rate was measured with 3-(4,5-Cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays.The apoptosis was quantified under flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI fluorescence staining,and the nuclear morphology was observed with Hoechst 33342 staining.The expression of phosphorylated protein of MLK3(p-MLK3),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),extra cellular regulated protein ki-nases(p-ERK1/2)were detected with Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate reduced and apoptosis in-creased in MPP+group(P<0.05),with the increase of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and decrease of p-ERK1/2 d(P<0.05).Compared with MPP+group,the survival rate increased and apoptosis reduced in both NBP and URMC-099 groups(P<0.05),with the decrease of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and increase of p-ERK1/2(P<0.05).Conclusion NBP can decrease the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in-duced by MPP+,which may be associated with inhibiting MLK3 signaling pathway,and regulating the downstream p-JNK and p-ERK1/2.

The number of type 2 diabetes(T2DM)accounts for more than 90％of all Diabetes mellitus(DM).The decrease of islet β cell mass and dysfunction are the core links of T2DM.With the prolongation of the course of disease,the number and function of β cells are gradually attenuated,and the damage mechanism has not been elucidated.At present,it is believed that it is closely related to metabolic stress,abnormal regulation of insulin secretion,changes in islet microenvironment,mitochondrial damage,glycolipid toxicity and dedifferentiation of islet β cells.Therefore,the mechanism of islet β cell damage in T2DM is summarized and elaborated in order to provide some reference for the precise intervention of T2DM.