An embryo of 4.3 mm is described. It comes to the laboratory in 10 per cent for-malin as an intact chorion measuring 22 by 16 mm. The embryo is in the shape of theletter C, and its tail is curved. The limb buds are round in shape. There are 4pharyngeal pouches, the 4th being very small. Between the bases of the 1st and 2ndbranchial arches, in the floor of the pharynx, the tuberculum impar has developed. Theotic vesicles are slightly elongated sacs and no longer connected with the covering ecto-derm. The eyes are represented by the optic vesicles and the thickened ectodermal an-lage of the lens. Trachea is still largely a groove in the ventral wall of the pharynx andesophagus. The heart is still in the so-called S shaped stage; the atrium lies on the leftside of the bulb, and has not yet doubled; the sinus venosus is not completely out ofthe septum transversum; in the atrium, near the sinus venosus, the endothelial tube isclosely attached to the wall. There are 4 pairs of aortic arches: the lst pair breaks intocapillaries imbedded in the mandible. The other three join the dorsal aortae which runcaudal and finally unite to form one median dorsal aorta. The anterior cardinal, pos-terior cardinal, common cardinal and vitelline veins, etc. are all paired and symetricallyarranged. The embryo herein described falls in group Ⅷ of Streeter.

Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.

Heart Valve Diseases ; therapy ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans

Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; genetics

Objective To explore the effects of maternal hypercholanemia on the myocardium changes in rat fetus. Methods Thirty clean SD female rats were equally randomized to three groups after mating successfully.From the 13th to 20th day of gestation,group A and B were injected injected with sodium chloride(NS) as control.Total bile acid(TBA) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) were measured in the maternal and fetal serum on the 21st day when all rats were killed.Fetal cardiac muscle cells were also collected for examination with light microscope and electronic microscope.Results (1)TBA in maternal and fetal serum were(22.32±8.12)μmol/L and(28.84±8.06) μmol/L,respectively in group A,(9.77±3.56)/μmol/L and(9.34±3.54) μmol/L in group B,and (3.60±1.78) μmol/L and(3.95±1.19) μmol/L in group C.Significant differences were found among groups(P<0.01).(2)Fetal death rates were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05),with 30.11%,16.85%,and 7.05%,respectively.(3)Fetal cTnl were also found significant difference among groups(P<0.01),with(19.98±7.75)ng/ml,(11.41±3.64)ng/ml and(4.38±1.19)ng/ml,respectively.(4)The integrated scores of fetal necrosis area were significantly different in three groups(P<0.05),with 1.92±0.43,1.36±0.37 and 0.44±0.12,respectively.(5)Under electronic microscope,the number density of mitochondria in group A was lower than that in group C(P<0.05)while the average volume of mitochondria was larger in group A (P<0.05).The average volume of mitoehondria in group B was larger than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with regard to the number density between the two groups.The number density and average volume of myofibril in group A were lower than those in group C(P<0.05).The number density of myofibril in group B was higher than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with the average volume.(6)Positive correlations were found in maternal TBA,fetal TBA,fetal cTnI and the integrate of fetal necrosis area when comparing every two of the above factors. Conclusions Fetal myocardium is impaired obviously in hypercholanemia rats.The serum level of TBA and cTnI in fetal rats are positively correlated with each other.

Objective To investigate the expressions of calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) and tight junction protein (Claudin)-14 in renal calcium oxalate stone rat model. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=15) and model group (n=15). The rat model of renal calcium oxalate stone was established by gavaging 1%glycol (2 mL/d) and 2% ammonium chloride. The expression of CaSR protein was detected using immunohistochemical assay. RT-PCR was used to detect the Claudin-14 mRNA expression. The expression levels of CaSR and Claudin-14 protein were de-tected by Western blot assay respectively. The full automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect rat renal function and changes of blood and urine biochemical indices. Results A large stone crystallization was observed under light microscope in model group. The serum levels of Cr, BUN, 24-h urine calcium and urine volume were significantly higher in model group than those of control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum calcium level and urinary pH value be-tween two groups. The expression levels of Claudin-14 mRNA and CaSR protein were significantly higher in model group than those of control group (P<0.01). The Claudin-14 protein expression was specifically higher in renal tissues of model group. There was no Claudin-14 protein expression in control group. There was a positive correlation between CaSR and Claudin-14 protein expression in renal tissues of model group. Also, CaSR and Claudin-14 protein expressions were posi-tively correlated with the 24-h urine volume. Conclusion The increased expressions of CaSR and Claudin-14 involved in the formation of kidney stone by increasing the urinary calcium excretion.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate (LCP),dynamic hip screw (DHS)and proximal femo-ral nail (PFNA)internal fixation in the treatment of elderly stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A total of 60 pa-tients with stable stable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients were randomly divided randomly into proximal femoral LCP fixation group (group A),the DHS fixation group (group B)and PFNA fixation group (group C).The operative time,blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative weight-bearing time were analyzed among three different groups.Results There were significant difference in blood loss,postoperative weight-bearing time,operative time among three different groups (P < 0.05 ). Group C was significantly better than the group A(P <0.05).Two cases of hip varus deformity,one case of crew loosening and su-perficial infection were appeared among group A.One case of hip varus deformity occurred in group B.One case of suffered refrac-ture occurred in group C.Conclusion LCD fixation,fixation with DHS and PFNA fixation are effective treatment for stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patients.

Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

ObjectiveTo identify the differences in clinicopathological features between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MethodsA total of 665 CHB patients who were admitted to Ningbo No. 2 Hospital during June 2002 and January 2010 were enrolled, in which 428 were HBeAg-positive and 237 were HBeAg-negative. HBV DNA loads, live histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages were compared between two groups. SPSS 1 1. 5 was used for statistical analysis.For measurement data, t (for normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney U (for skew distribution) was performed; for enumeration data, Chi-square test was performed; and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted. ResultsLiver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in HBeAg-negative CHB patients were more severe than those in HBeAg-positive patients (x2 = 7.92 and 10.35, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The ratio of serum HBV DNA levels ＜ 3, ≥3- ＜ 5 log10 copies/mL in HBeAg-negative CHB patients were significant higher than those in HBeAg-positive patients (x2 = 105.16 and 36.92 ,P ＜0.01 ) ; and the ratio of HBV DNA ≥7 log10 copies/mL in HBeAg-negative group was lower than that in HBeAg-positive group (x2 = 110. 18, P ＜0. 01 ). With the rising of serum HBV DNA levels, liver inflammatory grade and fibrosis staging in HBeAg-positive patients had a descending tendency (r =-0. 287 and-0. 224, P ＜0.01 ), while those in the HBeAg-negative group were ascending (r = 0. 360 and 0. 303, P ＜ 0. 01 ). ConclusionCompared with HBeAg-positive CHB patients, liver inflammation and tissue damage in HBeAg-negative patients are more severe, which need close monitoring.

Objective: To treat the senile severe emphysema by single lung transplantation. Methods: The candidate was a 63-year-old male patient who had suffered from severe dispnea for more than 23 years and experienced an advancing exacerbation during the last 3 years. He showed very poor lung function and other related clinical date the pre-operative clinical examination: FEV 1 was 0。64L (24%), PaO 2 was 45 mm?Hg, PaCO 2 was 36。3 mm?Hg, pulmonary artery pressure is 38 mm?Hg, 6MMT was 59 m and dispnea staging was 4. An allograft left lung transplantation was performed under general anesthesia in January 9th, 2003. Three immunosuppressors were given to the recipient orally after the operation. Results: 6 months after lung transplantation, the recipient showed a significant clinical relief and lung function improvement: FEV 1 is 1.20L (40%), PaO 2 is 92 mm?Hg and 6MMT is 227 m. Conclusion: The single lung transplantation is efficient in treating the end-staged emphysema.