Objective To analyze the medical undergraduates'employment intentions and determinants for policy recommendations on how to solve the contraction between the employment and human resources shortage working in the rural place.Methods Descriptive method was used for the employment recognition and unconditional logistic regression was employed for its factors analysis.Results 74.90% interviewees were not high for policy recognition,and only 21.16% undergraduates were willing to work in rural area.Logistic regression analysis found local culture and life environment (OR=2.668),institute performance(OR=0.630)and work challenge(OR=1.509)were key factors to affect their employment.Conclusion To give reform of primary institute performance mainly on pubic health service,take great importance on the medical service,improve work and life environment of rural workers and highly care health workers'career planning and development.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; pathology

According to the existing Provisions for Drug Registration (SFDA Order No. 28), applications for new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine are divided into two parts: the applications for drug clinical trial and for drug production (including new drug certificate). It will last for about 10 years from the application for drug clinical trial to get approving, and it also remains many problems and the low probability to succeed. From the sight of pharmaceutical review, there are mainly two aspects of regulatory compliance and technical issues, mainly for changes without approval of the competent authorities of the country. For example, sample preparation and approval of clinical trial process are significant changes. Technical problems are reporting incomplete data or information submitted does not comply with the technical requirements for review, such as: production process validation does not provide information, the preparation of samples for clinical trials and field inspection, production information, or the information provided does not meet the technical requirements. This paper summarizes the frequently asked questions and to make recommendations to advise applicants concerned, timely detection of problems, avoid risk, improving the quality and efficiency of the application for registration.
China ; Drug Approval ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Evaluation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Apolipoprotein A5(ApoA5)level and other indices were determined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals.Compared to control group,ApoA5 level in the diabetic group was lower (P

Objective To study correlation between MRI signal intensity of the lumbar intervertebral disc and collagen content in the nucleus pulposus.Methods Thirty-one cases with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(male 21,female 10)received percutaneous lumbar disketetomy.Thirty-one specimens of nucleous pulposus were obtained from percutaneous lumbar disketctomy procedure and collagen content in them was measured with reformed hydroxyproline measurement method.The signal intensity(SI) of lumbar intervertebral disc and cerebrospinal fluid was measured in T_2 WI sagittal image and then ratio of disc SI to cerebrospinal fluid SI was calculated.The Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the collagen content and SI ratio and disc SI on T_2 WI.Results Collagen content and SI ratio were (231.0?63.5)mg/g and 0.19?0.07,respectively.There was negative correlation between them (r=-0.61,P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ulinastatin on intestinal barrier damaged after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats in order to illustrate the possible mechanism.Methods Twenty-one male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly (random number) including control group (sham group, n =7), cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (CPR group, n =7) and ulinastatin group (UTI group, n =7).The rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (45-60 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection.The rats of sham group were only treated with endotracheal intubation.Ulinastatin (100 000 U/kg) were injected via caudal vein 2 hours prior to CPR, and cardiac arrest was made in rats and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was carried out in the UTI group, while equivalent volume of sterile saline was used instead in the CPR group.Blood and ileum samples were obtained at 48 hour after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assayed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the protein levels of caspase-3 were determined by western blot, the intestinal mucosa were stained by terminaldeoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and ileac mucosa were observed under transmission electron microscope.Data were processed with SPSS 17.0 software.Results The plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were dramatically higher in CPR group than those in other two groups (CPR vs.sham, P ＜ 0.01;CPR vs.UTI, P ＜ 0.05).Moreover, the tight junctions between cells obviously broadened and loosened in the CPR group were found under electron microscope, however, this phenomenon was not obvious in the UTI group.A large number of apoptotic cells were observed by TUNEL assay in the CPR group, but a small number of apoptotic cells were observed in the UTI group.The protein levels of caspase-3 in the UTI group were higher than those in sham group, but lower than those in CPR group (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has protective effects on the intestinal barrier damaged after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats by decreasing the proinflammatory mediators in the blood, reducing the expression of caspase-3and then reducing the numbers of apoptotic intestinal cells.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the anti-tumor effect of Xihuang pill on tumor-bearing rats and its effect on the immune clearance function of tumor-bearing organisms.

METHODWalker256 tumor cells were adopted to establish the tumor-bearing rat model. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model control group, the lentinan group and Xihuang pill low dose, middle dose and high dose groups, with 10 rats in each group, and continuously treated and given drugs for 14 d after modeling. Blood and tumors were collected from abdominal aorta to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The content of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and adhesion molecule B7-1 (CD80) in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in were determined by ELISA.

RESULTThe tumor inhibition rate of the Xihuang pill high dose group was 33. 1 percent. Compared with the model group, the Xihuang pill large dose group showed significantly low IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+, CD4+, B7-1 in peripheral blood, with statistical significance in their differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXihuang pill could show its anti-tumor effect by enhancing the immune clearance function and increasing IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+ T, CD4+ T, B7-1 in peripheral blood.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; B7-1 Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

Emerging data indicated that HCV subverts the antiviral activity of interferon (IF); however,whether HCV core protein contributes to the process remains controversial. In the present study, we examined the effect of HCV core protein on interferon-induced antiviral gene expression and whether the effect is involved in the activation and negative regulation of the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Our results showed that, following treatment with IFN-α, the transcription of PKR, MxA and 2'-5'OAS were down-regulated in HepG2 cells expressing the core protein. In the presence of HCV core protein,ISRE-dependent luciferase activity also decreased. Further study indicated that the core protein could inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, whereas the level of STAT1 expression was unchanged.Accordingly, SOCS3, the negative regulator of the Jak/STAT pathway, was induced by HCV core protein. These results suggests that HCV core protein may interfere with the expression of some interferon-induced antiviral genes by inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation and induction of SOCS3.

Bone Diseases, Developmental ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Metacarpus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

Objective To establish a suitable evaluation index system to track implementation effect of clinical research program.Methods Delphi method was used to creat the evaluation index system.The weighted average method was adopted to determine the weight of each index.Results After two rounds of expert consultation,twenty seven evaluation indices were selected,including three first-class indices,eight second-class indices and sixteen third-class indices,and the weight of each index was determined.Conclusions The evaluation index system reflects the purpose of tracking clinical research to a certain extent.This index system is simple and easy to be used.