Objective To observe the changes of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets following acute spinal cord injury and investigate the possible mechanism of these changes. Methods The SCI models of rats were made by Allen's method. Forty SD rats were divided into four groups, ie,normal control group, sham operation group, 100 g·cm group and 200 g·cm group. The expressions of CD4 and CD8 subsets of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte of the injured rats were determined by immunofluorescence labelling and flow cytometry at different times after injury. Results It was found that the expression of CD4 was significantly reduced to (30.40±4.76)% in 100 g·cm group and to (26.54± 9.34) % in 200 g·cm group, which were significantly lower than that of normal control group ( P ＜0.01 ). At 36 hours after injury, the ratio of CD4/CD8 was significantly reduced to 1.81 ± 0.55 in 100 g·cm group and and 1.29 ± 0.50 in 200 g·cm group, with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The immunoreaction is significantly depressed at the early stage of acute spinal cord injury. The severer injury results in more significant decrease of CD4 and ratio of CD4/CD8. The changes of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio can be used to indicate the severity of spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and countermeasure of residual stones after single‐channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy for higher stone‐free rate and better operation result .Methods All patients who underwent single‐channel percu‐taneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were retrospected and the cause of residual stones were analyzed .Results There were 42 patients who had residual stones after operation among total 262 patients undergone single‐chan‐nel PCNL .21 patients had residual stones because the stones they burdened were too complex .7 patients were concerned with com‐plications such as intraoperative hemorrhage .The stone fragments scattered into the calices in 7 patients with overlarge stone during fragmentation .The other causes concerned with stone residue included anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidneys(3 patients) , operation itself inherent limitations(3 patients) ,insufficient practice and experience in operation(1 patients) .Conclusion The main causes concerned with residual stones of single‐channel PCNL are complexity of urinary calculi ,bleeding ,scattering of stone frag‐ments and anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidney .

Background As one of the most common microvascular complication of diabetes in eyes,diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important cause of blindness.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in the occurrence and development of the disease through the activation of a series of inflammatory cytokines.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) excitomotor,rosiglitazone,on NF-κB expression and apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina with diabetes mellitus. Methods Ninety SPF male Wistar rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ).Then 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone was intragastricly administered once per day in the rosiglitazonegroup,and the same volume of saline solution was used at the same way in the normal control group and diabetic control group from 3 days after modeling.The rats were sacrificed and the eye cups specimen was made at 4,8 and 12 weeks after usage of drugs.Retinal histopathological examination was performed by hematine-eosin staining,and expression of NF-κB p65 protein in retina and apoptotic index(AI) of RGCs were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay,respectively in different time points mentioned above.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State and Technology Commission.Results The blood glucose level was significantly elevated at various time points in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with normal control group (P＜0.01 ),and that of the rosiglitazone group was significantly declined in comparison to the diabetic control group (q =0.81,0.82,1.23,P＞ 0.05 ).Normal retinal structure was seen in the normal control group,and edema retinal cell and disorder of retinal layers were exhibited in the diabetic control group.Retinal structure was almost normal in the rosiglitazone group.The NF-κB p65 was expressed weakly in the retina of normal control group,but the expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly elevated in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with the normal control group(P＜0.01 ).However,the expression of NF-κB p65(A value)was significantly decreased in the rosiglitazone group compared with diabetic control group at 8 weeks and 12 weeks( q=17.77,15.30,P＜0.01 ).There were a few apoptotic cells in rat retina of the normal control group.Compared with the normal control group,the AI of the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01 ).However,the AI of RGCs in the rosiglitazone group was significantly lower than that of diabetic control group in various time points (q =19.28,27.39,49.92,P＜0.01 ). Conclusions As one of the PPAR-γexcitomotors,rosiglitazone can inhibit apoptosis of RGCs through downregulating the expression of NF-κB in rat retina with diabetes mellitus,indicating a protective effect of rosiglitazone on retina in diabetic rat.

Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Safe and effective anticoagulation is essential for hemodialysis patients who are at high risk of bleeding. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two-stage regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) combined with sequential anticoagulation and standard calcium-containing dialysate in intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) treatment. METHODS: Patients at high risk of bleeding who underwent IHD from September 2019 to May 2021 were prospectively enrolled in 13 blood purification centers of nephrology departments, and were randomly divided into RCA group and saline flushing group. In the RCA group, 0.04 g/mL sodium citrate was infused from the start of the dialysis line during blood draining and at the venous expansion chamber. The sodium citrate was stopped after 3 h of dialysis, which was changed to sequential dialysis without anticoagulant. The hazard ratios for coagulation were according to baseline. RESULTS: A total of 159 patients and 208 sessions were enrolled, including RCA group (80 patients, 110 sessions) and saline flushing group (79 patients, 98 sessions). The incidence of severe coagulation events of extracorporeal circulation in the RCA group was significantly lower than that in the saline flushing group (3.64% vs. 20.41%, P<0.001). The survival time of the filter pipeline in the RCA group was significantly longer than that in the saline flushing group ((238.34±9.33) min vs. (221.73±34.10) min, P<0.001). The urea clearance index (Kt/V) in the RCA group was similar to that in the saline flushing group with no statistically significant difference (1.12±0.34 vs. 1.08±0.34, P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS Compared with saline flushing, the two-stage RCA combined with a sequential anticoagulation strategy significantly reduced extracorporeal circulation clotting events and prolonged the dialysis time without serious adverse events.
Humans ; Citric Acid/adverse effects* ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium Citrate ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced* ; Citrates/adverse effects* ; Anticoagulants/adverse effects* ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects*