1.The role of heat shock protein 70 in regulating neuroinflammation.
Wen-wen YU ; Xiu-qi BAO ; Hua SUN ; Dan ZHANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2015;50(8):945-950
Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions that results in neuronal dysfunction of the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanism is not fully established, the activation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation appears to be involved. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is originally described as intracellular chaperone, which plays an important role in protein quality control in cells. However, recent study showed that up-regulation of HSP70 had anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. HSP70 protected neurons from damage and improved neurological function by decreasing inflammatory response as indicated by inactivation of glial cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. So it is of great significance to find new compounds targeting at HSP70 as neuroprotective agents to delay the progress of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the role of HSP70 in neuroinflammation and the recent advances in using HSP70 as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Brain
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physiopathology
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Cytokines
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HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
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physiology
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Humans
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Inflammation
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pathology
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
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physiopathology
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Neurons
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pathology
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Neuroprotection
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Up-Regulation
2.Right leg mass with thrombocytopenia.
Wen-xiu YANG ; Li BAO ; Qi-lan LIU ; Shang-yi LIU
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2011;40(3):191-192
Antigens, CD20
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metabolism
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Female
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Follow-Up Studies
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Humans
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Interferon Regulatory Factors
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metabolism
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Leg
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pathology
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Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
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complications
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metabolism
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pathology
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surgery
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Middle Aged
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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metabolism
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Skin Neoplasms
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complications
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metabolism
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pathology
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surgery
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Thrombocytopenia
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complications
3.Effect of propofol on nNOS expression after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Si-Hua QI ; Zi-Wei XIAN ; Wen-Zhi LI ; Bing ZHANG ; Jun LI ; Bao-Qing HAN ;
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006;0(06):-
Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on nNOS expression after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the possible mechanism of protective effect of propofol on brain. Method Seventy-eight male Wistar rats, weighting 250 ~ 300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)Sham operation group (S group, n=6) was performed with scham operation; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion group (group I-R, n=36) was subjected to 2-hour right middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfusion was followed, saline (1 mg/kg) was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe before reperfusion;(3) Propefol group (group P, n=36) was injected with propofol (1mg/kg) into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe right after ischemia. Group I-R and group P were divided into 3 subgroups according to the reperfusion time: 1 h, 3 h and 6 h. The neurological function of all rats were tested before reperfusion. The cerebral infarction area of the whole brain was calculated with TIC staining (n=6). The pathological change of brain was observed from HE staining (n=6) and the nNOS protein expression was obtained by immuno- histochemical method (n=6). Results Compared with I-R group, the neurological function was better in group P(P
4.Retrospective Examination of Q Fever Endocarditis: An Underdiagnosed Disease in the Mainland of China
Han XIAO ; Hsu JEFFREY ; Miao QI ; Zhou BAO-TONG ; Fan HONG-WEI ; Xiong XIAO-LU ; Wen BO-HAI
Chinese Medical Journal 2017;130(1):64-70
Background:Q fever endocarditis,a chronic illness caused by Coxiella burnetii,can be fatal if misdiagnosed or left untreated.Despite a relatively high positive rate of Q fever serology in healthy individuals in the mainland of China,very few cases of Q fever endocarditis have been reported.This study summarized cases of Q fever endocarditis among blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) patients and discussed factors attributing to the low diagnostic rate.Methods:We identified confirmed cases of Q fever endocarditis among 637 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2006 and 2016.The clinical findings for each confirmed case were recorded.BCNE patients were also examined and each BCNE patient's Q fever risk factors were identified.The risk factors and presence of Q fever serologic testing between BCNE patients suspected and unsuspected of Q fever were compared using the Chi-squared or Chi-squared with Yates' correction for continuity.Results:Among the IE patients examined,there were 147 BCNE patients,of whom only 11 patients (7.5%) were suspected of Q fever and undergone serological testing for C.burnetii.Six out of 11 suspected cases were diagnosed as Q fever endocarditis.For the remaining136 BCNE patients,none of them was suspected of Q fever nor underwent relevant testing.Risk factors for Q fever endocarditis were comparable between suspected and unsuspected patients,with the most common risk factors being valvulopathy in both groups.However,significantly more patients had consulted the Infectious Diseases Division and undergone comprehensive diagnostic tests in the suspected group than the unsuspected group (100% vs.63%,P =0.03).Conclusions:Q fever endocarditis is a serious yet treatable condition.Lacking awareness of the disease may prevent BCNE patients from being identified,despite having Q fever risk factors.Increasing awareness and guideline adherence are crucial in avoiding misdiagnosing and missed diagnosing of the disease.
5.Factors influencing the content of residual tert-butyl alcohol in cyclodextrin complex prepared by lyophilization cosolvent system.
Zhi-Xuan WANG ; Ying-Jie DENG ; Xiao-Peng ZHANG ; Jing-Wen YANG ; Bao-Qi LI
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2007;42(3):314-317
In order to minimize the residual tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) level in cyclodextrin complex prepared by freeze drying TBA/water cosolvent system, the formulation and lyophilization procedure that may influence the residual TBA was studied. Residual TBA in freeze dried cyclodextrin complex was determined by gas chromatography. The significant formulation and processing factors that influence residual TBA were identified by adjusting the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent, selecting cyclodextrin type (beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), changing sample volume in flasket, altering freezing mode (fast freezing or slow freezing) and modifying the duration of secondary drying. The results show that the amorphous cyclodextrin material (hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), initial low TBA concentration in cosolvent and fast freezing would lead to high TBA residue in cyclodextrin complex, annealing was effective in reducing the residual TBA. The duration of secondary drying had no distinct effect on residual TBA. It is concluded that in order to reduce residual TBA in cyclodextrin complex prepared by lyophilization monophase solution, the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent should be higher than the crystal formation concentration, the appropriate cyclodextrin type and freeze drying processing should be choosen.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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chemistry
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Budesonide
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chemistry
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Chromatography, Gas
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Drug Residues
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analysis
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chemistry
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Freeze Drying
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methods
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Solvents
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chemistry
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Water
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chemistry
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beta-Cyclodextrins
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chemistry
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tert-Butyl Alcohol
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analysis
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chemistry
6.Cleavage of HCV by HCV specific deoxyribozyme in vitro.
Xiao-yu WEN ; Wan-guo BAO ; Xiu-yun YANG ; Mei-mei TIAN ; Feng WANG ; Jun-qi NIU
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2005;13(12):900-902
OBJECTIVETo study the cleavage activity of specific deoxyribozyme to hepatitis C virus in vitro.
METHODSThree deoxyribozymes were designed to cleave at sites 157, 168, 173 in HCV 5'-noncoding region with the active region of 5'-GGCTAGCTACAACGA-3' respectively. Plasmid pCMV/T7-NCRC -Delta Luc was completely linearized with restriction endonuclease Xba I. HCV RNA5'-NCRC was transcribed in vitro from the linearized products and radiolabelled with [alpha-32P] UTP. Under the conditions of 37 degrees C, pH7.5, Mg2+ 10 mmol/L, the three deoxyribozymes were mixed with substrate RNA individually for 120 minutes and then the reactions were terminated. The cleavaged products were separated with 8% denaturated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and displayed by autoradiography. DRz3 was mixed with the substrate RNA at different Mg2+ concentrations. The cleavage efficiency was analyzed with a gel document action analyzing systems.
RESULTSUnder the adopted conditions the three deoxyribozymes efficiently cleaved to the target RNA in vitro and the cleavage activity of DRz3 was increased with the increase of Mg2+ concentration.
CONCLUSIONThe designed deoxyribozymes can cleave 5'-NCR mRNA of HCV efficiently in vitro and it is dose-respondent to Mg2+ concentration.
DNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; therapy ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics
7.Complications of operative treatment of acetabular fractures.
Shi-wen ZHU ; Man-yi WANG ; Xin-bao WU ; Qi-yong CAO ; Hong-hua WU ; Guo-wei RONG
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2003;41(5):342-345
OBJECTIVETo improve the effect of operative management of acetabular fractures.
METHODSOne hundred and seventy eight acetabular fractures were treated operatively from August 1993 to December 2000. Their functional results and complications were analyzed.
RESULTSOne hundred and twelve hips were followed up for an average of 45.7 months. Heterotopic ossification was noted in 26 hips, post-operative osteoarthritis in 22 hips, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 8 hips, and sciatic nerve injury in 7 hips after operations. No death and infection were found in this series.
CONCLUSIONSEctopic bone formation develops at extended ilio-femoral and Kocher-Langeneck approaches. Cartilaginous injury of the femoral head is contributable to post-operative osteoarthritis, and imperfect reduction is an important factor in the genesis of osteoarthritis.
Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
8.Marginal impaction in acetabular fractures.
Xin-bao WU ; Man-yi WANG ; Shi-wen ZHU ; Qi-yong CAO ; Hong-hua WU
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2003;41(4):289-291
OBJECTIVETo understand the diagnosis and treatment of marginal impaction of acetabular fractures.
METHODEighteen of 26 patients with marginal impaction of acetabular fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Marginal impactions was confirmed in 15 patients by CT scan before operation, and in 3 during operation. All patients were treated by ORIF, and the impacted bones were elevated with bone grafts (Bone graft was not used in one patient). All fractures were fixed with a reconstruction plate.
RESULTSThe mean follow up was 36.7 months (5 - 71 months). The modified D'Aubingne and Postel score system showed excellent results in 6 patients, good 7, fair 2, and poor 3.
CONCLUSIONPosterior fractures and dislocations of acetabular fractures are easily combined with marginal impaction, and can diagnosed by CT scan. Cortical impaction should be recognized as a special type. The impacted bone should be elevated for bone grafting.
Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
9.Antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin against influenza A H1N1 virus infection in vivo.
Xiu-xiu CHEN ; Hong-xia ZHOU ; Wen-bao QI ; Zhang-yong NING ; Yong-jiang MA ; Yao-lan LI ; Guo-cai WANG ; Jian-xin CHEN
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2015;50(8):966-972
Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and glycyrrhizin has activities of anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and anti-viral infections. To enhance antiviral efficacy and weaken side-effects of ribavirin, antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin were studied in the present study. Firstly, a mouse model of viral pneumonia was established by inoculation of influenza H1N1 virus. Protective effects of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin used alone or in combination against H1N1 virus infection in mice were evaluated based on the survival rate, lung index and virus titer in lungs of mice. Results showed that the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin significantly inhibited the lung consolidation with a 36% inhibition ratio on the lung swell of infected mice. The combination of the two drugs exhibited synergetic effects on survival of infected mice. The combination of 50 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) glycyrrhizin and 40 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) ribavirin resulted a 100% protection for infected mice with a synergetic value of 36, which was significantly higher than the control group and each drug alone. This combination also resulted a significant drop of lung virus titer (P < 0.01), as well as inhibition on the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-1β (P < 0.05) induced by virus infection compared to the control. The treatment of ribavirin plus glycyrrhizin was more effective in influenza A infection in mice than either compound used alone, which suggested a potential clinical value of the combination of the two agents.
Animals
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Antiviral Agents
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pharmacology
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Disease Models, Animal
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Drug Synergism
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Glycyrrhizic Acid
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pharmacology
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Inflammation
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immunology
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
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drug effects
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Interleukin-1beta
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immunology
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Interleukin-6
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immunology
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Lung
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immunology
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virology
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Mice
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections
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drug therapy
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Pneumonia, Viral
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drug therapy
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Ribavirin
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pharmacology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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immunology
10.Operative treatment of delayed acetabular fractures.
Man-yi WANG ; Xin-bao WU ; Shi-wen ZHU ; Qi-yong CAO ; Hong-hua WU ; Guo-wei RONG
Chinese Journal of Surgery 2003;41(2):130-133
OBJECTIVETo assess the operative methods of delayed acetabular fractures and the operative results.
METHODSThe operative approaches, procedures, results and complications of the delayed acetabular fractures between August 1993 and August 2001 in Jishuitan Hospital were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTSThirty-two patients were followed up 49.6 months on average. Sciatic nerve palsy was found in 1 patient. Excellent functional results of hip joints were found in 3 patients, good in 16, fair in 10, and poor in 3. Ectopic bone formation was observed in 6 patients and necrosis of the femoral head in 3.
CONCLUSIONCareful selection of operative indications of delayed acetabular fractures in combination with proper operative approach and appropriate reduction and fixation, good results can be obtained.
Acetabulum ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome