Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions that results in neuronal dysfunction of the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanism is not fully established, the activation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation appears to be involved. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is originally described as intracellular chaperone, which plays an important role in protein quality control in cells. However, recent study showed that up-regulation of HSP70 had anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. HSP70 protected neurons from damage and improved neurological function by decreasing inflammatory response as indicated by inactivation of glial cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. So it is of great significance to find new compounds targeting at HSP70 as neuroprotective agents to delay the progress of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the role of HSP70 in neuroinflammation and the recent advances in using HSP70 as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotection ; Up-Regulation

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Leg ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thrombocytopenia ; complications

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on nNOS expression after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and the possible mechanism of protective effect of propofol on brain. Method Seventy-eight male Wistar rats, weighting 250 ~ 300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)Sham operation group (S group, n=6) was performed with scham operation; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion group (group I-R, n=36) was subjected to 2-hour right middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfusion was followed, saline (1 mg/kg) was injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe before reperfusion;(3) Propefol group (group P, n=36) was injected with propofol (1mg/kg) into the right lateral cerebral ventricle using microsyringe right after ischemia. Group I-R and group P were divided into 3 subgroups according to the reperfusion time: 1 h, 3 h and 6 h. The neurological function of all rats were tested before reperfusion. The cerebral infarction area of the whole brain was calculated with TIC staining (n=6). The pathological change of brain was observed from HE staining (n=6) and the nNOS protein expression was obtained by immuno- histochemical method (n=6). Results Compared with I-R group, the neurological function was better in group P(P

Background:Q fever endocarditis,a chronic illness caused by Coxiella burnetii,can be fatal if misdiagnosed or left untreated.Despite a relatively high positive rate of Q fever serology in healthy individuals in the mainland of China,very few cases of Q fever endocarditis have been reported.This study summarized cases of Q fever endocarditis among blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) patients and discussed factors attributing to the low diagnostic rate.Methods:We identified confirmed cases of Q fever endocarditis among 637 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2006 and 2016.The clinical findings for each confirmed case were recorded.BCNE patients were also examined and each BCNE patient's Q fever risk factors were identified.The risk factors and presence of Q fever serologic testing between BCNE patients suspected and unsuspected of Q fever were compared using the Chi-squared or Chi-squared with Yates' correction for continuity.Results:Among the IE patients examined,there were 147 BCNE patients,of whom only 11 patients (7.5％) were suspected of Q fever and undergone serological testing for C.burnetii.Six out of 11 suspected cases were diagnosed as Q fever endocarditis.For the remaining136 BCNE patients,none of them was suspected of Q fever nor underwent relevant testing.Risk factors for Q fever endocarditis were comparable between suspected and unsuspected patients,with the most common risk factors being valvulopathy in both groups.However,significantly more patients had consulted the Infectious Diseases Division and undergone comprehensive diagnostic tests in the suspected group than the unsuspected group (100％ vs.63％,P =0.03).Conclusions:Q fever endocarditis is a serious yet treatable condition.Lacking awareness of the disease may prevent BCNE patients from being identified,despite having Q fever risk factors.Increasing awareness and guideline adherence are crucial in avoiding misdiagnosing and missed diagnosing of the disease.

In order to minimize the residual tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) level in cyclodextrin complex prepared by freeze drying TBA/water cosolvent system, the formulation and lyophilization procedure that may influence the residual TBA was studied. Residual TBA in freeze dried cyclodextrin complex was determined by gas chromatography. The significant formulation and processing factors that influence residual TBA were identified by adjusting the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent, selecting cyclodextrin type (beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), changing sample volume in flasket, altering freezing mode (fast freezing or slow freezing) and modifying the duration of secondary drying. The results show that the amorphous cyclodextrin material (hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin), initial low TBA concentration in cosolvent and fast freezing would lead to high TBA residue in cyclodextrin complex, annealing was effective in reducing the residual TBA. The duration of secondary drying had no distinct effect on residual TBA. It is concluded that in order to reduce residual TBA in cyclodextrin complex prepared by lyophilization monophase solution, the initial TBA concentration in cosolvent should be higher than the crystal formation concentration, the appropriate cyclodextrin type and freeze drying processing should be choosen.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; Budesonide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; Drug Residues ; analysis ; chemistry ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry ; tert-Butyl Alcohol ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical significance of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fractures.

METHODSThe plain and CT films of the 66 cases of acetabular fracture from January 2001 to June 2002 were analyzed retrospectively, and the radiological characteristics and results were compared to each other.

RESULTSThe diagnosis of 6 cases were changed after CT examination, and the occurrence ratio of marginal impaction, free body in joint, femoral head fracture, sacro-iliac injury and ischial tubersoity fracture involvement were 3:17, 7:29, 6:15, 0:5 and 1:5 in plain and CT examination respectively.

CONCLUSIONSCT examination has the determinative role in detecting weight-bearing zone, marginal impaction, free body, femoral head fracture, sacro-iliac injury, etc., and for completing the diagnosis and guiding the treatment. It should be the routine examination just as the three standard plain examinations in acetabular fractures, and should be carefully read.

Acetabulum ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed

The murine bone marrow endothelial cell line (mBMEC) has been maintained by means of subculture and cryopreservation for over 10 years since it was established in our laboratory. This study was aimed to newly identify biological characteristics of this cell line for further study. The cultured mBMEC cells were observed by inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PECAM-1 (CD31) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were detected by immunofluorescent staining. The phagocytotic activity of the cells in culture was tested by using fluorescent acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL). The cell growth kinetics analysis and karyotype analysis were performed. The results showed that the adherent cells were mostly elliptical, rounded and spindle-shaped, and some of them connected to each other to form cord- and network-like arrangements in mBMEC cultures at subconfluence. The adherent cells grew up to confluence as a cobblestone-like monolayer. Several ultrastructural features of the endothelial cells could be observed in TEM sections of the cultured cells. More than 94% of mBMEC cells were positive for either CD31 or vWF. The phagocytotic ingestion of Dil-Ac-LDL occurred in 98.5% of cells. In normal culture conditions, the cells grew with a mean population doubling time of 54.6 hours and the maximal mitotic index was 38 per thousand in the rapid growth period. The colony yields were 4.33% to 7.40% depending on the plating density of cells. Karyotypes of all the cells were aneuploidy with a greater percentage of hyperdiploid. It is concluded that mBMEC cells retain the fundamental properties of endothelial cells, but the growth kinetics and biological behaviors are slightly different from those in the early days after the establishment of this cell line.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of bone setting manipulation for the treatment of over degree II supination-eversion fractures of ankle,and analyze manipulative reduction mechanism.

METHODSFrom 2005 to 2008, 95 patients with over degree II supination-eversion fractures of ankle were treated respectively by manipulation and operation. There were 43 cases [11 males and 32 females with an average age of (44.95 +/- 12.65) years] in manipulation group, and 2 cases were degree II, 11 cases were degree III, and 30 cases were degree IV. There were 52 cases [21 males and 31 females with an average age of (39.96 +/- 13.28) years] in operative group,and 6 cases were degree II, 18 cases were degree III, and 28 cases were degree IV. Bone setting manipulation and hard splint external fixation were applied to manipulative group. Operative reduction internal fixation was performed in operative group. X-ray was used to evaluate reduction of fracture before and after treatment, 2 months after treatment. Ankle joint function was evaluated according to Olerud-Molander scoring system after 6 months treatment.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with good reduction. Three cases occurred wound complication in operative group, but not in manipulative group. In manipulation group, 19 cases got excellent results, 20 cases good and 4 cases fair; while in operative group, 30 cases got excellent results, 20 cases good and 2 cases poor. There were no significant differences in fracture reduction and ankle joint function recovery between two groups (P > 0.05). Efficacy of operative treatment was better than that of manipulative treatment at degree IV fracture (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBone setting manipulation is a good method for treating supination-eversion ankle joint fractures, which has advantages of simple and safe operation, reliable efficacy. For ankle join fracture at degree IV, manipulative reduction should be adopted earlier, and operative treatment also necessary

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Ankle Joint ; physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Supination

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

METHODSClinical data of 13 hepatoid adenocarcinomas of the stomach, collected from 201 cases of gastric cancer, were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf the 201 gastric carcinomas, there were 13 AFP-producing adenocarcinomas of the stomach, the positive rate was 6.5%. Morphologically, the tumor cells formed glandular, medullary and linear structures. Of the 13 hepatoid adenocarcinomas of the stomach, 10 cases were in gastric antrum and 10 cases were poorly differentiated. The metastasis rates of liver and lymph node in hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach were higher than those in non-hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach. The treatment of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach depended mainly on radical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy was needed.The prognosis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach was poor.

CONCLUSIONHepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach has its own special tumor biological behavior and poor prognosis. Special attention should be paid to this disease.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, various chromatography methods were used. Seven triterpene glycosides were isolated from the n-BuOH extract. Their structures were identified as bayogenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4 ) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 -->-2 ) -alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4 ) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6 ) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2 ) -[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] -alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6 ) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6) and pulsatilla saponin (7). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2 -6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification