OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the control of drug costs in China. METHODS: Present problems on drug were analyzed. The measures and effect of market mechanisms and policy interventions were analyzed referring to foreign experience on the control of drug expenses. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Because drugs are a special kind of commodity, the combination and complementarity between market mechanisms and policy interventions can effectively control drug costs.

Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy as a bridge between theoretical courses and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, is important. As the main part ofAcupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the training course deals with case analysis, inquiry training and simulation, clinical treatment ability training etc, in order to realize seamless docking classroom and clinical.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Smell

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating refractory ascites by intermittent cycle ascites reinfusion.Methods Having 30 refractory ascites patients of both chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),treating them 102 times by intermittent close ascites reinfusion and synchronous hemodialysis,having reinfusion ascites 3000～5000ml each time,checking the change of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(Bun),and serum albumin before and after hemodialysis(HD) by blood-test,and observing their temperature,weight,belly size,blood pressure,and pulse before and after treatment.Results After treatment,all the patients feel well,have good appetite,and have less swollen belly.The average treatment is 3.2 times.The table shows the patients' weight,belly size,serum albumin,serum creatinie and blood urea nitrogen(Bun) before and after treatment.The difference is obviously distinctive(P

Bone Neoplasms ; Chondrosarcoma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nasal Septum ; pathology

Biomarkers ; Carcinogens ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Some men over 50 may show the clinical symptoms similar to female menopause,so called male menopause syndrome.It discusses its concept,mechanism and appearance,TCM recognition and acupuncture to it as well.

Aim ToinvestigatetheexpressionofMT1 in the hippocampus and serum melatonin in the asth-matic rats, and explore the mechanism in the develop-mentofasthma.Methods SixtyadultSDratswere randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n=20 ) and asthma group ( n=40 ) . Asthma rat model was established by sensitization and stimulation with ovalbumin ( OVA ) . Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) were used to evaluate the expression of MT1 in hippocam-pus. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was used to detect serum melatonin level. Results TheexpressionofMT1inhippocampusatgeneand protein levels were significantly elevated in asthmatic group ( P <0. 05 ) compared with the control group,whereas serum melatonin was obviously reduced ( P<0. 05 ) . Compared with day 5 and day 10 in the asth-matic group, there was a significant increase of MT1 in hippocampus on day 17 ( P<0. 05 ) , while there was no significant difference between day 5 and day 10 ( P>0.05).Conclusions MelatoninandMT1maybe involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The up-regula-tion of MT1 in hippocampus with time-dependent pat-tern may be a compensatory response to decreased pe-ripheral melatonin levels for augmenting melatoninˊs neuroprotective and neuroimmunomodulatory effects a-gainst inflammatory reaction and stress in asthma.

Objective To assessthe association of polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene with curative effect of hypotensive drugs.Methods The studies concerning association of ACE I/D with curative effect of hypotensive drugs were retrieved by searching data base,and then screened according to inclusive and exclusive criteria.Meta-analysis was performed by review manager 5.3 software.WMD and OR were used to assess difference of levels or effective rate of blood pressure degression among DD,DI and Ⅱ gcnotype.Results Totally 12 articles with 2 528 patients were included in this study.For all patients,WMD (95％ CI) with DD:Ⅱ genotype reflecting degression level of systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) were respectively 5.92(4.09～7.75) and 1.70(1.03～ 2.38),and OR (95％CI) reflecting effective rate of blood pressure degression was 2.49 (1.44～ 4.31),with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).For subgroup analysis according to hypotensive drugs,using angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (ARB),WMD (95 ％CI) of SP and DP were respectively 9.16(6.51～11.82) and 1.84(0.10～3.57) in DD:Ⅱ,or 6.75(4.21～9.28) and 3.38(0.16～6.61) in DI ∶ Ⅱ genotype,all with P＜0.05.There were no statistical significance for diuretic in DD ∶ Ⅱ,DD ∶ DI and DI ∶ Ⅱ.Using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),OR (95％CI) were respectively 3.79(1.80～8.01) and 2.97(1.34～6.55) in DD:Ⅱ and DD:DI,with P＜0.05.Conclusion Compared with I allele in patient,ACEI and ARB were more effective for D allele,while there were no difference for curative effect of diuretic between I allele and D allele.

Resident health card is the golden key for the trans-institutional, trans-regional, interconnected, and intercommunicating medical and health information service , resource sharing and collaboration , the stress was thus laid in this paper on the specific target, design ideas, general design program, implementation of their functions, and measures for their safety for the resident health card operation system on Internet.