Objective To explore whether the changes of sound source in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negativity (MMN) ,and quantify the minimal audible angle which could elicit the MMN and to find effec‐tive way to test human's ability of sound localization in the horizontal plane .Methods With the self developed sound localization device and Bio - logic auditory evoked potentiometer ,in the free field hearing tests were performed on 30 healthy young volunteers according to oddball stimulation sequence .We adopted 1 000 Hz pure tone as the stand‐ard stimuli , the change of sound source location as experimental models ,using minimum audible angle (MAA ) measure procedure ,sound localization test was conducted at 0° ,± 45° ,± 90°standard positions in the horizontal plane .MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP of deviant stimuli from the ERP of standard stimuli .The latency and amplitude of each MMN were recorded .Results The MMAs of normal young people were recorded and normal values of latency and amplitude of MMN were obtained .The results of the sound localization test for the youth were :MAA(0°)= 2 .09 ± 1 .81° ,MAA( - 45°)= 3 .84 ± 1 .61° ,MAA (45°) = 3 .69 ± 2 .39° ,MAA ( - 90°) = 4 .41 ± 1 . 41° ,MAA(90°)= 4 .23 ± 3 .22° ,separately .There was a significant effect of the location of the deviant stimulus , with those presented at 90° eliciting larger peaks and longer latency period than those presented at 0° .Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes of sound position in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negative waves , and MMN on the basis of MAA test procedure could be used to evaluate the ability of sound localization .

Objective To explore the changes of index of heart function and major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) to H-type hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy caused by Tianma Gouteng Decoction.Methods 126 H-type hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy from January 2014 to May 2014 in our hospital were divided into observation group and control group,63 cases in each group.Control group was treated with conventional western medicine, observation group was treated with Tianma Gouteng Decoction on the basis of control group.The levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),the E/A, and the incidence of major cardiovascular events were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with pre-treatment, the levels of Hcy in the two groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the effect of observation group was better (P<0.05).After the treatment, the E/A and LVEF of the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05); the E/A ratio and LVEF in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).The incidence of major cardiovascular events in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (6.35%VS 19.05%,P<0.05).Conclusion Tianma Gouteng Decoction can significantly reduce the Hcy of patients who get H-type hypertension, improve diastolic and systolic function and lower the occurrence of major cardiovascular events.

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)is a common optic neuropathy seriously affecting the visual function in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,its pathogenesis is not completely clear,and therefore its treating efficacy is dissatisfactory.The current study on NAION is focused on the establishment of suitable animal model and the pathogenesis.In recent years,the relatively ideal animal models(including rodent and primate) have been established by photodynamic methods,which make people have more in-depth understanding on the pathophysiologic mechanism of NAION and lay the basis for the research of therapies.The selection of experimental animals,various induction methods and existing problems in the creation of NAION animal model were reviewed and analyzed in this artical.

Objective To explore the value of DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE MRI) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.Methods DWI and DCE-MRI was performed in 90 patients with parotid gland tumors (94 lesions),included 75 benign tumors and 19 malignant tumors.The ADCs were measured,and the type of time-intensity curve (TIC) was assessed.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of ADC values,TIC types and combination of the two methods in diagnosing benign and malignant tumors.Results The ADC values of malignant tumors ([1.02 ± 0.25] × 10a mm2/s) were significantly smaller than that of benign tumors ([1.38±0.44] × 10-3 mm2/s;t=5.170,P＜0.001).The sensitivity was 0.62 and specificity was 0.92,when type A (persistent),B (washout),and D (flat) tumors regarded as benign and type C (plateau) tumors regarded as malignant.Sensitivity and specificity were significantly improved in diagnosis of malignant tumors when combined type C and ADC＜1.36× 10-3mm2/s,which were 0.92 and 0.95,respectively.Conclusion Due to an overlap within benign and malignant parotid tumors,the diagnosis should not be addressed on the basis of ADC values alone.The TIC manifestations type A,B or D on DCE-MRI indicates benign parotid tumors,and type C indicates malignant diseases.When the TIC shows type C,combining ADC value can elevate the differential diagnostic efficacy of benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Memory ; drug effects ; Menopause ; drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy

Adult ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena ; Regression Analysis ; Workplace

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of the Standardized Bedside Swallowing Assessment (SSA)and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines(SIC)for bedside dysphagia screening of patients after acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Methods Eighty-six ACI patients within 24 h of stroke onset were enrolled in the study.Within 48 h after hospitalization,swallowing function assessments and dysphagia screenings were carried out with the SSA and SIG,as well as video fluroseopic swallowing studies(VFSSs).The SSA and SIG assessments generated sensitivities,specificities,positive predict values(PPVs),negative predict values(NPVs),positive likelihood ratios (PLRs)and negative likelihood ratios(NLRs).These were compared with the VFSS results. Results The SSA showed a sensitivity of 89.1%,specificity of 75%,PPV of 0.804,NPV of 0.833,PLR of 3.56,NLR of 0.15,and Kappa of 0.648 compared to the VFSS results.The SIG showed a sensitivity of 60.9%,specificity of 82.5%,PPV of 0.800,NPV of 0.647,PLR of 3.44,NLR of 0.47 and Kappa of 0.425 compared to the VFSS.The sensitivity of of the SIG.Both assessments correlated well with the VFSS results. Conclusions Both the SSA and the SIG are elfective in dysphagia screening.The SSA is more sensitive than the SIG and is more suitable for early screening.The SIG is helpful in guiding dysphagia management and evaluating curative effects.

Objective To explore the effect of sodium fluoride on DNA damage and apoptosis on ox peripheral blood lymphocyte cultured in vitro.Methods Using lymphoeytes separation medium lymphocytes were separated and different concentration of NaF(0,4,8,12,16 mg/L)were added into the cultual system of lymphocytes for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by MTT.nuclear changes stained by acridine orange-ethidium bromine staining (AO/EB)were observed under fluoroscope,DNA fragment was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis.DNA damage was detected by alkaline SCGE.The differences between each groups were compared.Results Cells were exposed to 4,8,16 and 24 mg/L NaF in 24 h,cell survival rates,respectively being(73.743±0.552)%,(69.184±0.724)%,(65.736±0.055)%and(63.651±0.287)%,decreased significantly compared to control group.There were distinctive cell apoptosis,evident DNA damage and visible dose-effect relation(R2=0.7456).Conclusions A certain concentration of sodium fluoride lcads to lymphocytes apoptosis and DNA damage.

The care and support for the patient of AIDS is a vital content,we should enhance international collaboration and intercourse of information,which can promote efficiency.This text shows an analysis on the actuality and characteristic of the support mode of the AIDS community in British.Its purpose is to summarize the successful experience for china and improve the support mode for AIDS.

Objective To set up the molecular cytobiological model of endogenous coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) re-expressing in human liver cells L02,and to study the regulation pathway and molecular basis of the re-expression of FⅧ in L02 cells activated by NO signal.Methods The L02 cells at logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group, inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;they were cultured for 0,12,24,36,48,and 60 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of human FⅧ protein in L02 cells after treated for 48 h.Griess experiment was performed to detect the levels of NO in L02 cells at different time points;the transcription levels of human FⅧ gene,iNOS gene,NF-κB1 gene and I-κB alpha gene were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of human phosphorylated I-kappaB (phosphorylated I-κB)in L02 cells.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of human L02 FⅧ protein was found after treated with L-arginine for 48 h. The Griess results showed that the levels of NO in L02 cells in experimental group were significantly increased at 3,6,12,and 24 h (P<0.05)and the levels of NO in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The RT-PCR results showed that the transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in L02 cells was found in experimental group,but there was no transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;the transcription levels of iNOS,NF-κB1 and I-κB alphain experiment group were increased(P<0.05)and the transcription levels of these genes in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The Western blotting results showed that after adding L-arginine the expression level of phosphorylated I-κB was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ), other groups had no such change. Conclusion L-arginine can activate the phosphorylation of I-κB by NO signal pathway to lead to the changes in the expression of human FⅧ gene promoter upstream regulatory-related transcription factors NF-κB to activate the expression of human FⅧ in human liver cells L02.