Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)is a common optic neuropathy seriously affecting the visual function in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,its pathogenesis is not completely clear,and therefore its treating efficacy is dissatisfactory.The current study on NAION is focused on the establishment of suitable animal model and the pathogenesis.In recent years,the relatively ideal animal models(including rodent and primate) have been established by photodynamic methods,which make people have more in-depth understanding on the pathophysiologic mechanism of NAION and lay the basis for the research of therapies.The selection of experimental animals,various induction methods and existing problems in the creation of NAION animal model were reviewed and analyzed in this artical.

Objective To explore the changes of index of heart function and major cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) to H-type hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy caused by Tianma Gouteng Decoction.Methods 126 H-type hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy from January 2014 to May 2014 in our hospital were divided into observation group and control group,63 cases in each group.Control group was treated with conventional western medicine, observation group was treated with Tianma Gouteng Decoction on the basis of control group.The levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),the E/A, and the incidence of major cardiovascular events were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with pre-treatment, the levels of Hcy in the two groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the effect of observation group was better (P<0.05).After the treatment, the E/A and LVEF of the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05); the E/A ratio and LVEF in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).The incidence of major cardiovascular events in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (6.35%VS 19.05%,P<0.05).Conclusion Tianma Gouteng Decoction can significantly reduce the Hcy of patients who get H-type hypertension, improve diastolic and systolic function and lower the occurrence of major cardiovascular events.

Objective To explore whether the changes of sound source in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negativity (MMN) ,and quantify the minimal audible angle which could elicit the MMN and to find effec‐tive way to test human's ability of sound localization in the horizontal plane .Methods With the self developed sound localization device and Bio - logic auditory evoked potentiometer ,in the free field hearing tests were performed on 30 healthy young volunteers according to oddball stimulation sequence .We adopted 1 000 Hz pure tone as the stand‐ard stimuli , the change of sound source location as experimental models ,using minimum audible angle (MAA ) measure procedure ,sound localization test was conducted at 0° ,± 45° ,± 90°standard positions in the horizontal plane .MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP of deviant stimuli from the ERP of standard stimuli .The latency and amplitude of each MMN were recorded .Results The MMAs of normal young people were recorded and normal values of latency and amplitude of MMN were obtained .The results of the sound localization test for the youth were :MAA(0°)= 2 .09 ± 1 .81° ,MAA( - 45°)= 3 .84 ± 1 .61° ,MAA (45°) = 3 .69 ± 2 .39° ,MAA ( - 90°) = 4 .41 ± 1 . 41° ,MAA(90°)= 4 .23 ± 3 .22° ,separately .There was a significant effect of the location of the deviant stimulus , with those presented at 90° eliciting larger peaks and longer latency period than those presented at 0° .Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes of sound position in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negative waves , and MMN on the basis of MAA test procedure could be used to evaluate the ability of sound localization .

Objective To explore the value of DWI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE MRI) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.Methods DWI and DCE-MRI was performed in 90 patients with parotid gland tumors (94 lesions),included 75 benign tumors and 19 malignant tumors.The ADCs were measured,and the type of time-intensity curve (TIC) was assessed.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of ADC values,TIC types and combination of the two methods in diagnosing benign and malignant tumors.Results The ADC values of malignant tumors ([1.02 ± 0.25] × 10a mm2/s) were significantly smaller than that of benign tumors ([1.38±0.44] × 10-3 mm2/s;t=5.170,P＜0.001).The sensitivity was 0.62 and specificity was 0.92,when type A (persistent),B (washout),and D (flat) tumors regarded as benign and type C (plateau) tumors regarded as malignant.Sensitivity and specificity were significantly improved in diagnosis of malignant tumors when combined type C and ADC＜1.36× 10-3mm2/s,which were 0.92 and 0.95,respectively.Conclusion Due to an overlap within benign and malignant parotid tumors,the diagnosis should not be addressed on the basis of ADC values alone.The TIC manifestations type A,B or D on DCE-MRI indicates benign parotid tumors,and type C indicates malignant diseases.When the TIC shows type C,combining ADC value can elevate the differential diagnostic efficacy of benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Memory ; drug effects ; Menopause ; drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy

The care and support for the patient of AIDS is a vital content,we should enhance international collaboration and intercourse of information,which can promote efficiency.This text shows an analysis on the actuality and characteristic of the support mode of the AIDS community in British.Its purpose is to summarize the successful experience for china and improve the support mode for AIDS.

Objective To explore the effect of sodium fluoride on DNA damage and apoptosis on ox peripheral blood lymphocyte cultured in vitro.Methods Using lymphoeytes separation medium lymphocytes were separated and different concentration of NaF(0,4,8,12,16 mg/L)were added into the cultual system of lymphocytes for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by MTT.nuclear changes stained by acridine orange-ethidium bromine staining (AO/EB)were observed under fluoroscope,DNA fragment was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis.DNA damage was detected by alkaline SCGE.The differences between each groups were compared.Results Cells were exposed to 4,8,16 and 24 mg/L NaF in 24 h,cell survival rates,respectively being(73.743±0.552)%,(69.184±0.724)%,(65.736±0.055)%and(63.651±0.287)%,decreased significantly compared to control group.There were distinctive cell apoptosis,evident DNA damage and visible dose-effect relation(R2=0.7456).Conclusions A certain concentration of sodium fluoride lcads to lymphocytes apoptosis and DNA damage.

Adult ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena ; Regression Analysis ; Workplace

Based on three aspects of academic research, academic morality and academic publication, this pa-per discussed the ethical quality that medical journal editors should possess. Medical knowledge and knowledge of medical ethics are the basic ethical qualities that a good medical editor should possess. Editor should strictly control the manuscript process, abide by the professional ethics, and contribute to the fast and correct spread of medical information.

Objective To design and synthesize derivatives of wanpeinine A, the main steroidal alkaloid isolated from the plant Fritillaria shuchengensis, and further study on the structure-activity relationship of the steroidal alkaloid. Methods Acylation and alkylation were used to synthesize the derivatives and their structures were identified via NMR and MS.Results The acylation of wanpeinine A (1) produced 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A (2), 3β,6α-dipropionylwanpeinine A (3), 3β,6α-dichloracetylwanpeinine A (4), 3β,6α-dibenzoylwanpeinine A (5), and 3β-methoxyacylwanpeinine A (6). The alkylation of wanpeinine A formed 3β,6α-dimethoxymethylwanpeinine A (7). Conclusion All compounds are new except for 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A.