This paper is aimed to promote the learning interest and motivation of students and improve the teaching effect, then the interactive courseware of analysis of abnormal gait is done. A courseware should emphasize particularly on optic analysis of abnormal gait, which is closely related to clinical medicine. The interactive courseware was organized with Office 2000, Photo shop 7.0, 3D Studio MAX 3.0 and Hero Super Player 6.5, in which several materials were included, such as the video kinescope of abnormal gaits, clinical features, analysis of mechanics, etiologic analysis and rehabilitation measures of abnormal gaits. There are some pushbuttons in the courseware to achieve controls, such as play, pause, speed, recoil and return end. A majority of students believe that their learning interests of the abnormal gait analysis are improved and have a perceptible idea about abnormal gait that is abstract and vague.

Objective To investigate possible nerological origination of rabbit P3a potential. Method we simultaneously recorded the ERPs at dura and various depths beneath the skull in a point of rabbit skull, similarly did some in different points of rabbit skull. Result In the Brodmann 25 and 32 areas(AcgI), the polarity of P3a to those at dura was markedly reverse and the reverse rate of P3a(81.3%) was significantly higher than other locations, the P3a without polarity reversal showed steep voltage gradient. There was an increasing trend of the P3a reversal and moderate voltage gradient nearby the AcgI, but not other regions. Conclusion Rabbit P3a potential possibly originate from the AcgI acea.

Objective To investigate the generative and regulatory effects of AchMR on P 3a and its mechanism in different subregions of rabbit cingulate gyrus. Methods Event related potentials(ERPs) P 3a potentials in Normal, AcgI, AcgⅡand Pcg regions were recorded after microinfusion of 0.5 mmol/L scopolamine at three different time points(instantly, at the 15th minute and at the 30th minute), 2 mmol/L acetylcholine and 1 mmol/L scopolamine. Results The P 3a amplitude decreased and/or P 3a latency increased with scopolamine in time and dose dependent pattern in AcgⅠ, AcgⅡ and Pcg, and P 3a might disappear only in AcgⅠ and the P 3a again be recorded after microinfusion of acetylcholine in AcgⅠ. Conclusion The action of AchMR in AcgⅠ area markedly affects the generation and/or regulation of P 3a and confirms the AcgⅠ is the source of rabbit P 3a potential. The action of neurons in AcgⅠ might facilitate the P 3a potential.

Objective To increase the appreciation of manifestations in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and to decrease misdiagnosis rate by investigating the clinical characteristics of AIP. Methods Clinical data were collected and laboratory ,imaging and histopathology were analyzed from the Chinese PLA General Hospital from 1995 to 2009. Patients with AIP were included in the study. Results Eight patients (male 6, female 2) aged 35-69 (52.4 ±9.4) years were diagnosed as AIP from 2006 to 2009. The main clinical manifestations include intermittent jaundice in 6 cases (6/8), abdominal pain in 5 cases (5/8),weight loss in 4 cases (4/8), and accompanied with other diseases of immune system in 4 cases (4/8).The imaging showed head of pancreas enlargement in 3 cases (3/8) and whole pancreas enlargement in 5 cases (5/8). There is a "banana-peel like" ring around the pancreas and irregular stenosis of pancreatic duct. Massive lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and parenchymal fibrosis were shown in pancreatic tissues, bile duct,salivary gland and liver in pathology. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and images in 7 cases (7/8) were improved after treatment with prednisone. Twenty-two of them were misdiagnosed as pancreatic or biliary carcinoma and 21 were performed laparotomy in the period of 1995-2005 ( 23 cases). After 2006, however, the misdiagnosis rate significantly decreased from 95.7% ( 22/23 ) to 0. Conclusions AIP seems to be a systemic autoimmune disease rather than an isolated disorder,markedly overlapping with other autoimmune diseases. Definitive diagnosis can be improved by the detection of immune parameters and pathological examination.

Berberine is a taste of traditional Chinese medicine.With the progress of research on pharmacology and mechanism of drug action of extensive research,the new mechanism of berberine was revealed through a series of clinical trials,the clinical indications continue to expand,and berberine has a therapeutic effect in digestive and endocrine system disease.The current study confirmed that berberine not only has the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity,but also plays a strong anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory role,which makes more and more research began to concern its application value in the diseases of respiratory system.The strong anti-inflammatory effect of berberine cau effectively relieve the airway inflammation of patients who are suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary,and the broad-spectrum antibacterial effect brought hope for the treatment of tuberculosis and pneumonia.The subsequent animal and clinical studies have confirmed that berberine can effectively improve the symptoms of respiratory system diseases,and play a role in the treatment.

Objective:To optimize the formula of nifedipine nanoemulsion (NFNE) to lay foundation for the development of nifedipine transdermal preparation.Methods:The content of nifedipine as the index,the compositions in the formula were screened out by single factor experiments,and then the formula of NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier,ratio of mixed emulsifiers to oil phase and the amount of water as the influencing factors.N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was used as the transdermal enhancer.The formula of TMC-NFNE was optimized by orthogonal tests with the degree of quaternization of TMC,the concentration of TMC solution and the amount of TMC solution as the influencing factors.The quality evaluation of TMC-NFME was determined including appearance,type identification,particle size and drug content.Results:The optimal formula was as follows:7% ethyl oleate,32% Tween 80,16% alcohol,45%water and the mass ratio of TMC of 0.45%.The type of the emulsion was O/W.The content of NFNE,TMC20-NFNE,TMC40-NFNE and TMC60-NFNE was (12.76±0.22),(14.76±0.16),(12.26±0.18) and (12.92±0.27) mg·ml-1,respectively.The particle size was 13.62,17.10,16.26 and 17.25 nm,respectively.The morphology of the nanoemulsion was spherical.Conclusion:The optimal formula and preparation process of TMC-NFNE are simple with high drug content,which is worthy of further studies.

Objective To discuss the CT features of mediastinal teratoma.Methods 35 patients with mediastinal teratoma confirmed by clinical and pathologic data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Most mediastinal teratomas(97.1%) were localized in the middle or upper area of anterior mediastinum.Mediastinal teratoma included cystic teratoma(60.0%) and solid teratoma(40.0%).All kinds of tissues could be found in the tumors.CT features of cystic teratoma(n=21) were the cystic mass with fluid density,most of them(n=19) had the characteristics of "obviouswalled cysts".CT features of solid teratoma(n=14) were the soft-tissue mass with mixed densities.CT features of malignant teratoma(n=5) were that the layer of fatty tissue between the tumor and the surrounding structures disappeared,and that the wall of neighbour vessels were mostly or all surrounded by the tumor.Mediastinal teratoma could cause pleural offusion(n=6) and pericardial offusion(n=12).Conclusion Mediastinal teratomas have obvious CT imaging features.CT has very important value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal teratoma.

0.05). Conclusion Both CD54 and LRP expression have negative correlation with the effective rate of short-term therapeutic effects, therefore can be taken as indexes for prognostic evaluation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of levofloxacin combined with cefoperazone-sulbactam on pulmonary infection caused by multidrug-resistant(MDR) bacillus infection.METHODS Eighty five patients with pulmonary infection caused by MDR bacillus infection were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,combined levofloxacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam were used in 45 patients of treatment group,ceftriaxone sodium was used in 40 patients of control group,their therapeutic effect was observed 7 days later.RESULTS Thirty four patients of treatment group were cured,7 patients with excellence,3 patients with improvement and only 1 patient was invalid.The total effective rate was 91%.Clinical manifestation such as cough,expectoration,and dyspnea had obviously improved.Sputum culture darkening rate was high.CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy of levofloxacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam has definite therapeutic effect on pulmonary infection caused by MDR bacillus infection.

Great progress has been made on vaccine research for schistosomiasis,including those on immune mec-hanism and Schistosoma genome which have made active effect to vaccine development.This paper reviews the progress on the candidate vaccine antigens including protein vaccine,DNA vaccine and multivalent vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum.