BACKGROUND: Effect of exercise training on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle is a focus of quantified cytobiology in sports medicine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of transportation function of calcium ion in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle in the model of reduced training after endurance training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized animal trial was performed at Xi'an Sports Institute from April to July 2006, and the biochemical test was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University in July 2006. MATERIALS: Thirty-nine healthy 2-month-old male SD weighing (220?20) g were selected. METHODS: Five rats were used in the preliminary experiment, and the others were randomly divided to normal control group (n=8), endurance training group (n=8) and reduced training group (n=18). The increasing training period of endurance training group and reduced training group lasted for 6 weeks, and then reduced training group was randomly divided to 3 groups according to reduced training cycle: 2, 4 and 6 weeks group. The rats did increasing endurance loading exercise on a treadmill, while reduced intensity was used in reduced training group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Enzyme coupling method and fluorescence probe technology were used to detect sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) and maximum Ca2+ uptake and release of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS: The activity of Ca2+-ATPase in endurance training group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P 0.05); reduced training 4 and 6 weeks groups were significantly reduced compared with endurance training group (P 0.05); while the maximum uptake and release of Ca2+ in sarcoplasmic reticulum of reduced training 4 and 6 weeks group was significantly reduced (P

BACKGROUND:The androgen response to resistance exercise is one of hot topics in sports science research. At present, the androgen responses to resistance exercise show different results. There are different androgen changing trends under different resistance exercise interventions.
OBJECTIVE:To have a deep insight into the influence of resistance exercise on the response of human body androgen, clarify research progress in androgen response to resistance exercise, and provide the basic theory for monitoring resistance training.
METHODS:Literatures and paper reports about androgen response to resistance exercise are electronical y retrieved from the American Biological Medical Literature Database PubMed from 1986 and 2013. Final y 46 literatures addressing the research progress is analyzed about androgen responses to resistance exercise were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Studies have shown that, weight lifting (power snatch and power clean), squating, and deadlifting produced higher testosterone levels than the smal muscle groups. Under the same load, eccentric and concentric contractions produced the same hormone response. Adequate training amount and intensity may change the circulating testosterone levels. Short sports intermittent time led to a higher testosterone response than the long intermittent time. The free testosterone levels in youth group were significantly increased compared with the older group before and after exercise. Nutrition intervention affected acute testosterone responses to resistance exercise. Changes in exercise intensity and amount wil alter quiet testosterone levels, once returned to normal training, testosterone levels wil return to baseline values. Resistance exercise can increase androgen receptor content in human skeletal muscles.

AlM: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS:A total of 380 cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2014, divided into DR group (126 cases) and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) as control group (254 cases), all patients were underwent medical history, physical examinations, laboratory and assistance examinations. The prevalence and single factor and multiple factors of DR were analysed by the logistic regression model.RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein, urine protein, intraocular pressure, carotid intima - media thickness, peripheral neuropathy disease was the related risk factors for DR. ln multiple logistic regression analysis, only duration was the related risk factors for DR.CONCLUSlON:The occurrence of DR is the outcome of combined action of multiple factors, duration is an independent risk factor for occurrence of DR.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a common condition among the old,which remains a main cause of death due to its high fatality.Airway remodeling is one of its pathological features.This article reviews the pathological changes and imageological assessment of COPD airway remodeling,its correlation with microbes and its pathogenesis and therapies.

Classical prescriptions not only spread by the remarkable effect in the world, but also instruct clinical application continuously, and solve many formidable problems on clinical. Although diseases are complex and changeable with numerous types, through determination of treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs, no matter are the common sickness or various intractable illnesses, the medicine has the same effect if the medicine matches the disease. Before grasps the application of classic prescriptions maturely, it is necessary to read and understand Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases carefully. It is also helpful to learn the experience of the famous scholars in this field and combine the theories with the practical conditions.

The problem of intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed, the TCM protection system and patent protection system are studied. The author puts forward some deficiencies of the existing protection system, and puts forward some improvement methods possible.

Objective:To study whether the glucose tolerance was impaired in the non-hyperglycemic rats treated with strepto-zotocin(STZ).Methods:Male SD rats,aged 10￣12 weeks,were divided into two groups:experimental group,with an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg(low dose)or 60 mg/kg(high dose)STZ;control group,with injection of equal dose acidified saline.1￣12 weeks after injection,the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tes(tIPGTT)was performed in the non-hyperglycemic rats(fasting blood glucose

The plasmids pBR322 and RSF1010, extracted from E.coli HB802 and E. coli C600 respectively were treated with restrictive endonuclease EcoRI and ligated with T4 DNA ligase. C600 strains were then transformed with the hybrid plasmid, and thus 253 transformants were obtained.The figures of gel elctrophoresis and electromicrograph proved that PSMM1 was a pBR322 : RSF1010 composite hybrid.In E. coli C600 PSMM1 obtained resistance against AP, Tc and Sm.The orientation of pBR322 and RSF1010 in hybrid PSMM1 and the failure of introduction of this hybrid into P.Putida AC10 were discussed

24 cases(25 eyes)of traumatic cataract with various complications were performed combined operations such as vitrectomy and extracapsular lensectomy from behind to leave the anterior capsule followed by imp- lantation of IOL,vitrectomy and removal of intraocular foreign body followed by secon- dary extracapsular extraction of the cataract and IOL implantation when the lens became opaque,and removal of intraocular foreign body with extracapsular extraction of the lens and IOL implantation.The position of incision,the method of anterior capsulotomy and nucleus delivery,the irrigation and aspiration of lens cortex and the timing of the operation were discussed.

The number of new medical products based on chemistry launches at the lowest level for many years. The pharmaceutical industry puts emphasis on biotechnology-derived products. Both genomics and protemics are contributing to understanding and determining more targets which involved in human disease.This means that there will be more opportunities for biopharmaceutical breakthroughs,eventually,more and better biomedicines will be approved.Several trends in development for biopharmaceuticals were analyzed:(1) Biological medicine and Chinese traditional medicine have developed rapidly between 1998~2005, the number of the papers about biological medicine increases dramaticly. (2)The emphasis is on biological medicine in pharmaceutical industry and the biotech market is concentrating in United States and multinational. (3)The proportion of biotech products is becoming larger gradually. More concern is focused on biotech products.(4)In order to reduce the cost of R&D and increase the number of new drugs, more and more M&A occur between the biotech companies.(5)The governments all over the world attach importance to biotech products.(6)Tissue engineering, cell therapy and gene therapy have a good future, full of opportunities and challenges.