AlM: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) in type 2 diabetes patients.METHODS:A total of 380 cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from January 2014 to June 2014, divided into DR group (126 cases) and non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) as control group (254 cases), all patients were underwent medical history, physical examinations, laboratory and assistance examinations. The prevalence and single factor and multiple factors of DR were analysed by the logistic regression model.RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that DR was associated with diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein, urine protein, intraocular pressure, carotid intima - media thickness, peripheral neuropathy disease was the related risk factors for DR. ln multiple logistic regression analysis, only duration was the related risk factors for DR.CONCLUSlON:The occurrence of DR is the outcome of combined action of multiple factors, duration is an independent risk factor for occurrence of DR.

Following ideas are proposed for the development of library-holding resources with the need of users as its target according to the background and characteristics of big data, namely with the users-driving development of library-holding resources as its principle, with the users-satisfying resources acquisition method as its direction, and with the users-needing development of library-holding resources as its integration platform.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus ( HPV) gene is essential in cervical cancer screening.This paper presents some HPV detection methods according to different molecular techniques , mainly introducing the commonly used hybird capture Ⅱ, HybriMax and method based on fluorescent quantitative PCR , elaborates their advantages and shortcomings , and discusses the clinical applications in the future.

【Objective】 To examine the regeneration of NPY-immuno reactivity (IR) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the effects of cholera toxin ( CTx) injected or/and peripheral nerve implanted on regeneration of NPY-IR RGCs. 【Methods】 16 adult golden hamsters were ramdomly divided into 4 groups. Optic nerve (ON) was transacted and a segment of autologous sciatic nerve (attached g raft, AG) was removed and sutured to the proximal stump of ON in regenerating co ntrol group (AG group). The animals in experimental groups were further treated with CTx injection or/and implantation of a short of segment sciatic nerve (SN) intravitrously. By using the retrograde labeling with fluorogold (FG) combined w ith fluorescent immunocytochemistry, the regenerated NPY-IR RGCs were observed and counted under fluorescent microscope. 【Results】 At 4 weeks after surgery, the mean number of regenerated NPY-IR RGCs per retina in AG group was 58±22 wh ich constitutes (3.36±0.65)% of the total regenerated RGCs. In AG+CTx, AG+SN and AG+CTx+SN experimental groups, the mean numbers of regenerated NPY-IR RGCs per retina were 143±47, 125±37 and 437±77 ordinally which constitute (5.15± 0.89)%, (5.34±0.37)% and (8.11±0.85)% of the total regenerated RGCs respec tively, which were increased significantly compared with those in AG group. 【Co nclusion】 The results show that the axotomized NPY-IR RGCs have th e capability of regenerating their axons into the attached PN graft, CTx and/or SN could enhance the regeneration of the NPY-IR RGCs.

Objective The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of cholera toxin(CTx) on promoting the regeneration of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in hamster retina. Methods After optic nerve (ON) transection, an autologus sciatic nerve (attached graft, AG) was removed and sutured to the proximal stump of the ON. CT X was injected or (and) a small segment of sciatic nerve (SN) inserted intravitrously. Animals were separated into 5 groups:regenerating control group(AG groups and solution groups); AG+CT X groups; AG+SN groups; AG+CT X+SN groups; Effect and Dosage groups; Animals in the former 4 groups were allowed to survive for 2-6 weeks respectively. The regenerated RGCs were labeled retrogradely by granular blue, and the changes in number of regenerating RGCs in each retina were observed under fluorescent microscope. Results The mean numbers of regenerating RGCs in AG+CT X groups were increased and significantly higher than those in AG groups and solution groups at each time point( P

AIM: To explore the main risk factors related to the incidence of endophthalmitis in patients after cataract surgery in China and to provide evidence for prevention.METHODS: The results of 5 studies on the main risk factors of endophthalmitis in patients after cataract surgery were analyzed by Meta-analysis method.
RESULTS: The pooled odds ratio values and 95% CI of age(≥70), diabetes, vitreous overflow, operative time ( ≥ 10min ), common operating room and control of using time of topical anesthetic were 1. 81(95% CI: 1. 43-1. 69),3. 66 (95% CI: 1. 64 - 8. 16),2. 21 (95% CI: 1. 46 -3. 32),3. 54 (95% CI: 2. 47 - 5. 06),2. 77 (95% CI: 2. 07 -3. 72),2. 09(95% CI: 1. 53-2. 86).
CONCLUSION: The main risk factors of endophthalmitis were the age(≥70), diabetes, vitreous overflow, operative time(≥10min), common operating room and control of using time of topical anesthetic.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of aspirin combined clopidogrel on unstable angina pectoris (UAP) .Methods :A total of 396 UAP patients hospitalized in our hospital from Jun 2010 to Aug 2013 were en-rolled ,randomly and equally divided into combined medication group (received combined therapy of aspirin and clo-pidogrel based on routine treatment ) and aspirin group (only received aspirin based on routine treatment ) according to number table method .Attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris ,and clinical therapeutic effect were ob-served and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results:Compared with before treatment , there were significant reductions in attack frequency [combined medication group :(4.1 ± 1.2) times/d vs .(1.8 ± 0.6) times/d ,aspirin group :(4.0 ± 1.4) times/d vs .(2.5 ± 3.1) times/d ,P<0.05 or <0.01] and duration of an-gina pectoris [combined medication group : (23.2 ± 4.7) min vs .(3.3 ± 2.6) min ,aspirin group : (24.9 ± 2.4) min vs .(7.3 ± 1.6) min , P<0.01 both] in both groups after treatment ;compared with aspirin group after treat-ment ,there were more significant reductions in attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris in combined medi-cation group ( t = 5.36 ,6.03 respectively , P< 0.05 both );total effective rate of combined medication group (98.48% ) was significantly higher than that of aspirin group (85.35% ) ,χ2 =22.98 , P=0.002 .Conclusion:Com-bined therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel possesses more significant therapeutic effect on patients with unstable angina pectoris , and it is safe ,which worth extending and application in clinic .

0.05). Relative risk (RR) between UAE patients and control group was 0.95, and 95% CI was 0.92-0.99. The success rate (92.3%) of UAE group was 95% of control group (96.7%), with a significant difference between them (P

AIM To investigate the modification of GABA A receptor subunits in audiogenic seizure rat cortex and hippocampus when rendered tolerant to clobazam. METHODS Rats were administrated with clobazam for two weeks, resulting in tolerance to clobazam. GABA A receptor subunit ?1, ?3, ?5, ?2L and ?2S were assayed using quantitative competitive RT PCR in rat FrPaM and hippocampus. RESULTS In FrPaM,the content of mRNA encoding for ?1,?2L and ?2S were all significantly decreased (27%,43% and 37% respectively),whereas that of ?5 was significantly increased (73%) compared with the control. In hippocampus, ?1, ?2L, and ?2S mRNA content was significantly decreased (28%, 32% and 31% respectively). CONCLUSION The accomodated change in GABA A receptor subunit ?1, ?5,?2L and ?2S in FrPaM and hippocampus may be associated with the mechanism for tolerance to clobazam in audiogenic seizure rat.

Objective: To analyze the cost of laparoscopy and laparotomy in the treatment of tubal pregnancy.Methods: The selected patients of tubal pregnancy were operated on in our hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jun. 2002. Eighty received laparoscopy and 13 received laparotomy.The off work day, hospital charge, cost of no work and total cost were analyzed and compared.Results: The mean hospital stay and off work days were significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group( P