In many pathogens infection,especially virus,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) can aggravate the infection and lead to severe diseases.In this immunopathological phenomenon,virus-specific antibodies enhance the entry of virus into monocytes,macrophages and granulocytic cells and even the replication of virus through different mechanism.This phenomenon has been reported in numerous pathogens including virus,bacteria and parasite and the mechanisms of ADE vary from different species.Further study of ADE can promote the vaccine research and development to make the most use of vaccine and prevent human body from pathogens,which will be helpful to control the spread of pathogens including Zika virus.In the present review,we review the research progress of ADE mechanism in recent years,including antibodies mediating,receptors mediating,complement mediating,viral proteins mediating and cellular mediating ADE.In addition,dengue virus,human immunodeficiency virus,Coxsackie virus,Ebola virus,Zika virus and other pathogens will be illustrated respectively.This review provides insights on the different mechanism of ADE in different pathogens.

This study is aimed to explore the value of high-resolution magnetic resonance （HRMRI） in the diagnosis of the etiology of stroke in young adults. Methods We retrospectively enrolled ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients who ≤55 years old admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1，2016 to December 31，2020.Patients were separated into two groups：with or without HRMRI. After collecting the baseline data，clinical features，and imaging characteristics，we explore the differences in the clinical characteristics，the etiology of stroke，and the proportion of cryptogenic stroke between the two groups. The changes of cryptogenic stroke proportion in the HRMRI group before and after HRMRI were further calculated，and the changes of the revised diagnosis were also obtained. Results A total of 155 cases were included in the study. Of those，73 cases （47.1%） underwent HRMRI，while 82 cases （52.9%） did not. HRMRI group was slightly younger than the non-HRMRI group （40.36 VS 43.89，P=0.026），while there were no significant differences in gender，risk factors，and family history. The cryptogenic stroke proportion in the HRMRI group was lower than that in the group without HRMRI （16.4% VS 26.8%，P=0.119）.29% of patients were corrected or make more accurate the diagnosed with the help of HRMRI，reducing cryptogenic stroke by 7%. The changes in the etiology diagnosis mainly from cryptogenic stroke to atherosclerosis disease （5，5/20），and also from other vascular diseases such as arterial dissection to atherosclerosis disease （5，5/20）.Conclusion With HRMRI，nearly one-third of young stroke has revised or accurate for their diagnosis，and the remaining has confirmed for their diagnosis. This technique should be widely used in young stroke patients.