BACKGROUND: Moxonidine is the second-generation high-selective central antihypertensive drug, while clonidine is the first-generation antihypertensive drug that is used in clinic with many side effects.OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics between moxonidine and clonidine in renal-hypertensive rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Nantong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in Medical College, Nantong University between September and December 2004. Totally 110 SD rats aged 60 days with the body mass of (180±30) g were used in the study.METHODS: Left renal artery stenosis in SD rats was established by inserting silver clip with the inner diameter of 0.2 mm or 0.25 mm, while the right renal artery was not received, so as to establish two-kidney one-clip(2K-1C) renal hypertensive models. ①Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats with renal hypertension were determined with arteria caudilis indirect manometric method, oral administration once or consecutively. The experiment of depressurization with once oral administration:The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10 rats in each group:1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 1 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group were considered as positive control group,while saline group as negative control group. On the basis of the effect of moxonidine hydrochloride on blood pressure, blood pressure was measured at 1, 4, 24, 48, 72 hours after moxonidine administration, and compared with that before administration or the effect of saline. The experiment of depressurization with consecutively oral administration once a day. The grouping was the same to above-mentioned. Successive administration was for 7 days, once a day. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined at 1 hour before and after administration, and observed for 3 days after drug withdrawal. Recommended dose of moxonidine hydrochloride for human was about 0.4 mg/kg, while the oral dose for rats were around 0.04 mg/kg based on the animals' surface area. ②Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthesia rats with renal hypertension with a catheter on the carotid artery directly: 0.2 mg/kg drug liquor was given with gastric perfusion. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 ones in each group: 0.13,0.4, 1.3 mg/kg moxonidine hydrochloride groups, 0.13 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride group and saline control group. Mean arterial pressure was determined before and after administration at different time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of blood pressure and heart rate in conscious and anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats before and after being administrated orally once or consecutively.RESULTS: All the rats were involved in the result analysis, without drop out during the trial. ①Moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization and descent of heart rate after once large dose oral administration in conscious renal-hypertensive rats. The 10-fold higher doses of moxonidine caused the same effects of clonidine. The decreasing of heart rate was little and short after consecutively small dose of oral administration of moxonidine, and which was similar to clonidine in percentage of depressurization. ②In anesthetized renal-hypertensive rats, moxonidine showed a dose-dependent effect on depressurization after once oral administration. There was no significant difference between moxonidine and clonidine in percentage of depressurization after 3 to 10-fold higher dose administration (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The once higher dose oral administration of moxonidine has dose-dependent effect on depressurization for renal-hypertensive awake rats. Anesthesia. The effect of 10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine. The effect of 3-10-fold dosage of moxonidine is equal to that of clonidine in anesthesia renal-hypertensive rats. The small dose oral administration continuously of both moxonidine and clonidine with the same volume has the same depressurization effect in renal-hypertensive rats.

0.05). CONCLUSION: The effects of 10 mg?kg -1 m oxonidine on reduced blood pressure and heart rate in SHR is equal to the effect s of 1 mg?kg -1 clonidine after once large dose oral administration. T here is no significant difference between the moxonidine and clonidine of the sa me dose in reducing blood pressure after repeatedly small dose oral administrati on in SHR.

Objective To analyze the utilization and the development trend of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM;To provide references for clinical rational medicine use and purchase. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the consumption quantity and consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital during 2009-2013. Results The consumption quantity of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital increased year by year with average growth rate of 11.52%, among which the consumption quantity of medicine for diverging wind-cold was more than medicine for diverging wind-heat. Conclusion Both the consumption quantity and the consumption sum of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome in our hospital have been increasing significantly. The proportion of which in the total TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome and the medicine utilization structure were stable, and the use of TCM decoction pieces for relieving exterior syndrome was rational on the whole.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. So far, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs. There are multiple cell signaling cascades, some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious. The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state. Protein phosphorylation, which is mediated by enzymes, called protein kinases, is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals. Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers. By now, there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases. The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs. Here, we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.So far,there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs.There are multiple cell signaling cascades,some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious.The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state.Protein phosphorylation,which is mediated by enzymes,called protein kinases,is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals.Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers.By now,there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases.The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs.Here,we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Objective To investigate the application of delayed sternal closure (DSC) following neonatal cardiac surgery.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 360 neonatal patients underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy in Guangdong General Hospital between June 2009 and June 2014.These neonates were divided into 2 groups:DSC group (190 cases) and non-DSC group(170 cases).Comparing the differences between 2 groups,we analysed the application of DSC following neonatal cardiac surgery and the effect of DSC on surgical site infection.Results The cardiopulmonary bypass time,cross clamp time and mechanical ventilation time were longer in DSC group than in non-DSC group.The mortality rate in the DSC group(20.53％) was markedly higher than that in the non-DSC group(5.29％).However,there was no statistical difference in the incidence of sternal wound infection between 2 groups.Conclusion As an effective treatment for neonates with severe cardiac surgery,DSC doesn' t increase the incidence of surgical site infection.

Objective:The human heparin-binding growth factor Midkine(hMK) gene was constructed and expressed in E.coli, and the activity of MK protein was tested.Methods:The MK gene was amplificated from the tissue of human embryo kidney by RT-PCR techniques. The MK fragment without signal peptide was inserted into plasmid pET30a. The gene was expressed in E.coli, the protein was purificated by affinity chromatography, and the activity was tested by ~3H-TdR method.Results:The sequence of hMK in our experiment was as same as the sequence published in Genebank. The activity assay was shown high activity of MK protein in our experiment.Conclusion:The expression carrier of hMK was established successful and it can expression high activity hMK protein in E.coli.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of isobavachalcone (IBC)on migration and invasion of
tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Tca81 1 3 cells were
treated in different concentrations of IBC in vitro.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT;Wound healing as-say and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of Akt,p-Akt, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins.Results IBC could in-hibit the proliferation of Tca81 1 3 cells in a concentra-tion-and time-dependent manner.IBC can reduce cell migration and invasion.Western blot showed that IBC could an decrease the expression of p-Akt,MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in a concentration-dependent manner.
However,the level of Akt was not affected by the con-centration of IBC treatment.Conclusion IBC could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in Tca81 1 3 cells and its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 pro-teins and the inhibition of phosphorylation of upstream Akt.

Objective To compare the difference of three methods testing the antibiotic susceptibility of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in order to provide accurate and reliable antibiotic susceptibility result for clinic.Methods A total of 630 mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from Linyi People′s Hospital during January 2015 to December 2016.They mainly come from respiratory medicine and the most common specimen source was sputum.All specimens were examined in 2 h.The strains isolated from the same patient were discarded.Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the automatic microorganism analyzer VITEK2 compact, E-test, which was reference method, and K-B disk.The results of three methods were analyzed and compared by χ2 test.Results The result of E-test showed that antibiotic sensitivity of 630 mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa was above 52.7% except for Cefepime (39.2%).The result of K-B disk was compared with E-test, the antibiotic sensitivity of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem (72.4% vs 52.7%) and amikacin (48.6% vs 71.1%)had significant difference (χ2=8.283 7 and 10.533 8, P<0.05).The result of VITEK2 compact showed that the antibiotic susceptibility of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem(70.8% vs 52.7%), cefepime(60.8% vs 39.2%), gentamicin (87.6% vs 74.1%)and levofloxacin(81.3% vs 65.4%) was significant higher than the result of E-test (χ2=6.935 2,9.331 2,5.885 6 and 6.466 5, P<0.05).For tobramycin, piperacillin/tazobactam and ciprofloxacin, the result of three methods is more consistent.Compared to VITEK2 compact, the consistency between K-B disk and E-test was higher.The rate of very major error and major error were between 0.0%-4.8% (Amikacin 12.2%) and minor error was 4.6%-20.3%.Conclusions The drug sensitivity of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is different between various methods.The result of K-B disk and E-test using blood MH is more reliable than VITEK2 compact.

Objectives:To investigate the effect of early EN on mucosal structure and absorption function of allograft after living-related small bowel transplantation.　Methods:Early enteral nutrition was used.The image analysis,D-xylose absorbtion test and blood culture were used to measure the villus height and area,D-xylose absorption and bacterial translocation in blood.　Results:The morphometric examination showed that villus height and villus area were decreased on the 7th postoperative day,began to increase on the 12th day after transplantation and had been the 80% of normal level.The percentage of D-xylose absorption was gradually increased and reached the normal level on the postoperative 38th day.Postoperative blood cultures were always negative.　Conclusions:Early EN support can improve the mucosal structure and absorption function of small bowel allograft after living-related small bowel transplantation.