To explore the differences in biological gas production in the waterlogged zone of a coal seam fire-affected area, in this study the in-situ gas production experiment was conducted with the mine water from aquitard layers in coal seam fire zones in Xinjiang. The results showed that the biogas production first increased and then decreased with the increase in distance, and the highest gas production reached 216.55 mL. The changes in key metabolic pathways during the anaerobic fermentation of coal were analyzed, which showed that as the distance from the aquitard layer in the coal seam fire zone increased, the methanogenesis pathways gradually shifted from acetic acid decarboxylation and carbon dioxide reduction to acetic acid decarboxylation and methylamine methanogenesis. The significant variability in the in-situ mine water reservoir conditions contributed to the differences. In addition, the reservoir pressure and temperature increased as the distance from the fire zone became longer, and the salinity of the farthest mine water in the reverse fault was the highest due to the lack of groundwater supply. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations of microbial communities with key functional genes and the types and concentrations of ions. The ions significantly influencing microbial enzymatic metabolic activities included Al³⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, PO₄^3-, and Mo⁶⁺. The differences in metabolic pathways were attributed to the integrated effects of a co-occurring environment with multiple ions. The gas production simulation experiments and metagenomic analyses provide data support for the practical application of in-situ biogas experiments, laying a foundation for engineering applications.
Biofuels ; Coal ; Methane/biosynthesis* ; Fires ; Groundwater ; Coal Mining ; Fermentation ; China ; Anaerobiosis

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) from imaging perspective by analyzing voxel-based morphology (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods:Thirty-five patients with NPSLE and 30 patients with non-NPSLE admitted to Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2020 to March 2023 were enrolled; 31 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group during the same period. All subjects completed routine MRI and rs-fMRI, laboratory tests (C3, C4, IgA, IgM and IgG levels), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC). Whole brain gray matter volume in subjects of the 3 groups was analyzed by VBM method, and the brain regions enjoying significant differences in gray matter volume between the NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for whole brain FC analysis. Partial correlation method was used to analyze the correlations of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant differences with clinical indexes and imaging scores between NPSLE group and non-NPSLE group. Efficacy of imaging indexes in brain regions enjoying significant difference in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:(1) Covariance analysis among the 3 groups showed that the gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus was significantly different among the 3 groups ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the healthy control group, the NPSLE group had significantly reduced gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, left superior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, right transverse temporal gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected); compared with the non-NPSLE group, the NPSLE group had significantly decreased gray matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus of orbit, right rectus gyrus, and right transverse temporal gyrus ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (2) Whole brain FC analysis with brain regions enjoying significant differences as seed points showed that Fisher z-transformed FC (zFC) in the right transverse temporal gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus of the NPSLE group were significantly decreased ( P<0.001, FDR corrected). (3) Partial correlation analysis showed that, in the NPSLE group, zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to left posterior central gyrus was negatively correlated with disease course ( r=-0.390, P=0.027); gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-cognitive ( r=-0.401, P=0.023); the gray matter volume in the right orbital superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with FSMC-motor ( r=-0.374, P=0.035). (4) ROC curve found that gray matter volume in the right rectus gyrus and zFC from the right transverse temporal gyrus to the right posterior central gyrus had relatively high efficacy in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE, with AUC of 0.771 (95% CI: 0.658-0.885, P<0.001) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.685-0.904, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion:NPSLE patients have reduced gray matter volume in multiple brain regions (concentrating in the prefrontal limbic system); and reduced FC with some brain regions is noted; multiple indexes are correlated with clinical indexes.

Objective:To summarize and share the experience of one-stage feminization surgery in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Methods:The clinical data of CAH female children in the Department of Pediatric Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Prader classification standard, the external genital virilism of children was graded. The cases of Prader grades Ⅱ to Ⅳ were underwent clitoroplasty and labiaplasty, while the cases of Prader Ⅱ and Ⅳ grades were required further vaginoplasty.Partial urogenital sinus mobilization(PUM) or total urogenital sinus mobilization(TUM )was performed according to the length of the urethrovaginal junction to the vulvar opening during the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was included the recovery of the external genitalia wound, the child’s ability to control urination, and the family members’ satisfaction with the child’s external genitalia appearance. Six months after the operation, the satisfaction with the appearance of the external genitalia was evaluated in the outpatient clinic, including four aspects: clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal appearance.Results:A total of 18 female children were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 9 years old, with an average age of 4.5 years. There were 5 cases of Prader grade Ⅱ, 9 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 4 cases of grade Ⅳ. Ten cases (9 cases of Prader grade Ⅲ and 1 case of grade Ⅳ) underwent PUM, and 3 cases of Prader grade Ⅳ underwent TUM. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months after the operation, and all the wounds of the external genitalia of the children were healed in one stage. The satisfaction of family members to the appearance of external genitalia of children: 15 cases were satisfied, 3 cases were not satisfied; 3 patients were found to have overactive bladder two weeks after the operation, and no special treatment was given, the symptoms disappeared three months after the procedure, and the other children had no abnormal urination control ability. Six months after the process, the external genitalia was evaluated in the physician’s clinic: 17 cases were satisfied, and one was dissatisfied.Conclusions:The surgical method can be selected for better results according to the degree of external genitalia virilism and the common channel length in CAH female children.

Objective:To summarize and share the experience of one-stage feminization surgery in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Methods:The clinical data of CAH female children in the Department of Pediatric Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Prader classification standard, the external genital virilism of children was graded. The cases of Prader grades Ⅱ to Ⅳ were underwent clitoroplasty and labiaplasty, while the cases of Prader Ⅱ and Ⅳ grades were required further vaginoplasty.Partial urogenital sinus mobilization(PUM) or total urogenital sinus mobilization(TUM )was performed according to the length of the urethrovaginal junction to the vulvar opening during the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was included the recovery of the external genitalia wound, the child’s ability to control urination, and the family members’ satisfaction with the child’s external genitalia appearance. Six months after the operation, the satisfaction with the appearance of the external genitalia was evaluated in the outpatient clinic, including four aspects: clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal appearance.Results:A total of 18 female children were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 9 years old, with an average age of 4.5 years. There were 5 cases of Prader grade Ⅱ, 9 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 4 cases of grade Ⅳ. Ten cases (9 cases of Prader grade Ⅲ and 1 case of grade Ⅳ) underwent PUM, and 3 cases of Prader grade Ⅳ underwent TUM. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months after the operation, and all the wounds of the external genitalia of the children were healed in one stage. The satisfaction of family members to the appearance of external genitalia of children: 15 cases were satisfied, 3 cases were not satisfied; 3 patients were found to have overactive bladder two weeks after the operation, and no special treatment was given, the symptoms disappeared three months after the procedure, and the other children had no abnormal urination control ability. Six months after the process, the external genitalia was evaluated in the physician’s clinic: 17 cases were satisfied, and one was dissatisfied.Conclusions:The surgical method can be selected for better results according to the degree of external genitalia virilism and the common channel length in CAH female children.

Objective:To summarize and share the experience of one-stage feminization surgery in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Methods:The clinical data of CAH female children in the Department of Pediatric Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Prader classification standard, the external genital virilism of children was graded. The cases of Prader grades Ⅱ to Ⅳ were underwent clitoroplasty and labiaplasty, while the cases of Prader Ⅱ and Ⅳ grades were required further vaginoplasty.Partial urogenital sinus mobilization(PUM) or total urogenital sinus mobilization(TUM )was performed according to the length of the urethrovaginal junction to the vulvar opening during the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was included the recovery of the external genitalia wound, the child’s ability to control urination, and the family members’ satisfaction with the child’s external genitalia appearance. Six months after the operation, the satisfaction with the appearance of the external genitalia was evaluated in the outpatient clinic, including four aspects: clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal appearance.Results:A total of 18 female children were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 9 years old, with an average age of 4.5 years. There were 5 cases of Prader grade Ⅱ, 9 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 4 cases of grade Ⅳ. Ten cases (9 cases of Prader grade Ⅲ and 1 case of grade Ⅳ) underwent PUM, and 3 cases of Prader grade Ⅳ underwent TUM. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months after the operation, and all the wounds of the external genitalia of the children were healed in one stage. The satisfaction of family members to the appearance of external genitalia of children: 15 cases were satisfied, 3 cases were not satisfied; 3 patients were found to have overactive bladder two weeks after the operation, and no special treatment was given, the symptoms disappeared three months after the procedure, and the other children had no abnormal urination control ability. Six months after the process, the external genitalia was evaluated in the physician’s clinic: 17 cases were satisfied, and one was dissatisfied.Conclusions:The surgical method can be selected for better results according to the degree of external genitalia virilism and the common channel length in CAH female children.

Objective:To summarize and share the experience of one-stage feminization surgery in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Methods:The clinical data of CAH female children in the Department of Pediatric Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Prader classification standard, the external genital virilism of children was graded. The cases of Prader grades Ⅱ to Ⅳ were underwent clitoroplasty and labiaplasty, while the cases of Prader Ⅱ and Ⅳ grades were required further vaginoplasty.Partial urogenital sinus mobilization(PUM) or total urogenital sinus mobilization(TUM )was performed according to the length of the urethrovaginal junction to the vulvar opening during the procedure. The postoperative follow-up was included the recovery of the external genitalia wound, the child’s ability to control urination, and the family members’ satisfaction with the child’s external genitalia appearance. Six months after the operation, the satisfaction with the appearance of the external genitalia was evaluated in the outpatient clinic, including four aspects: clitoris, labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal appearance.Results:A total of 18 female children were enrolled, ranging in age from 2 to 9 years old, with an average age of 4.5 years. There were 5 cases of Prader grade Ⅱ, 9 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 4 cases of grade Ⅳ. Ten cases (9 cases of Prader grade Ⅲ and 1 case of grade Ⅳ) underwent PUM, and 3 cases of Prader grade Ⅳ underwent TUM. All patients were followed up for 6-12 months after the operation, and all the wounds of the external genitalia of the children were healed in one stage. The satisfaction of family members to the appearance of external genitalia of children: 15 cases were satisfied, 3 cases were not satisfied; 3 patients were found to have overactive bladder two weeks after the operation, and no special treatment was given, the symptoms disappeared three months after the procedure, and the other children had no abnormal urination control ability. Six months after the process, the external genitalia was evaluated in the physician’s clinic: 17 cases were satisfied, and one was dissatisfied.Conclusions:The surgical method can be selected for better results according to the degree of external genitalia virilism and the common channel length in CAH female children.

Objective To investigate the levels of literacy and numeracy in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic status in communities of Shanghai,China,and to evaluate their associations with blood glucose level.Methods A total of 800 type 2 diabetes patients with recent HbA1c≥7.5％ or fasting plasma glucose level ≥10 mmol/L were recruited from 8 communities in Minhang district and Changning district of Shanghai,China,and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during February 2015 and March 2016.Literacy and numeracy levels of all patients were evaluated using the validated Health Literacy Management Scale (HeLMS) and the 5-item version Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT-5),respectively.Results The patients included in this study were observed to have higher levels of health literacy,with a median score of HeLMS being 116 [interquartile range (IQR),108-120] and a median correct rate of DNT-5 of 80％ (IQR,60％-100％).Age,educational level and occupation were significantly related with health literacy levels and numeracy.Sex and income were closely related with health literacy levels.HeLMS score was not significantly associated with HbA1c level (P =0.383),while the lower correct rate of DNT-5 was linked with a higher level of HbA1c.The median HbA1c level was 8.3％ (IQR 7.7％-9.4％) in the patients with the lowest tertile of DNT-5 correct rate,significantly higher than 8.2％ (IQR:7.5％-9.2％) in the medium and 8.0％ (IQR:7.5 ％-8.8 ％) in the highest tertile group (P =0.009).Conclusions Diabetes patients with poor glycemic status in communities of Shanghai have high levels of health literacy,which was significantly related with age,sex,educational level,occupation and income.Ability in numeracy may be a more important influence factor than health literacy for glycemic status of diabetes patients.

Objective To investigate the abnormal region of gray matter and distribution in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD),and explore the brain structural changes closely related to mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods 20 cases of PD-MCI, 1 7 cases of PD-nMCI and 20 normal controls (NC)were examined by 3D-T1 WI brain volume sequence.The data of three groups were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)based on SPM8 to generate gray matter map.Results Compared to NC,decreased gray matter volume in PD-nMCI was observed in the right temporal lobe,including the middle temporal gyrus,inferior temporal gyrus,and right fusiform gyrus,uncus and left superior temporal gyrus.Compared to PD-nMCI,decreased gray matter volume in PD-MCI was observed in the bilateral midfrontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,left precentral gyrus,right midtemporal gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,bilateral insular,and right cuneus,lingual gyrus,posterior cingutate.Conclusion Decreased gray volume in PD-nMCI is mainly located in the right temporal lobe and right uncus.With occurrence of MCI,abnormal brain regions are gradually extended.Gray matter atrophy in the bilateral midfrontal gyrus,inferior frontal gyrus,and left precentral gyrus are related to the MCI.

BACKGROUND:There is a lack of the research concerning the biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyphenylene sulfide (nHA/PPS) composites.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of nHA/PPS composites based on the completed research in vitro.METHODS:Systemic toxicity test:Sprague-Dawley rats were given the intraperitoneal injection of nHA/PPS extract or normal saline.The general situation,body mass and the histological changes of the liver and kidney were observed at 72 hours after injection.Delayed type hypersensitivity test:nHA/PPS extract or normal saline was injected subcutaneously into the back of the rats.Afterwards,skin irritation symptoms were observed at 72 hours.Local reaction experiment:nHA/PPS composites and polyethylene were respectively implanted into the back of the rats.The pathological changes of the implanted materials and their surrounding tissues were observed at 15 and 30 days after implantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The rats were in good situation after nHA/PPS injection;the body mass increased steadily,which showed no significant difference from the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the morphology and color of the liver and kidney were normal,and the systemic toxicity of the composite materials was normal according to the degree of toxicity classification.(2) There were no obvious skin irritation symptoms after the subcutaneous injection of nHA/PPS composites,and the primary irritation index was less than 0.4,suggesting a low hypersensitivity.After implantation of nHA/PPS composites,there was no obvious degradation,absorption and rejection,and both the degree of inflammatory reaction (15 days ≤ level Ⅲ,30 days ≤ level Ⅱ) and the thickness of fibrous capsule (15 days ≤ level Ⅲ,30 days ≤ level Ⅱ) revealed the good biocompatibility of the composites.These results suggest that the nHA/PPS composites hold an excellent biocompatibility in vivo.

Objective To investigate the MRI findings and the variability of quantitative indicators in intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS) to yield a deeper understanding of the disease.Methods The clinical data and MR imaging findings of 26 patients with IHS confirmed by lumbar puncture during August 2006 to December 2013 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Other 26 healthy volunteers matched with gender and age were recruited as control group.The MRI findings (dural thickening and enhancement,pituitary enlargement,subdural collections,venous engorgement and sagging brain) and quantitative assessments (mamillopontine distance and pontomesencephalic angle) were evaluated retrospectively by two doctors,the consistency between the two doctors was assessed by Kappa consistency test.The difference of mamillopontine distance and pontomesencephalic angle between patient group and control group was assessed by t test.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and assure the optimal diagnostic threshold.Results There were excellent interobserver agreements for dural thickening and enhancement,pituitary enlargement,subdural collections,venous engorgement and the measurement of mamillopontine distance and pontomesencephalic angle (Kappa=l.000,0.846,1.000,0.906,0.919 and 0.808,P＜0.05).Sagging brain showed moderate agreement between readers (Kappa=0.606,P＜0.05).The mamillopontine distance (5.4±1.6 mm) and pontomesencephalic angle (47.8±8.7 °) in patient group were significantly lower than those of control group (6.9±1.1 mm and 61.0±6.1 °,P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve of mamillopontine distance and pontomesencephalic angle was 0.774 and 0.908,respectively,and the diagnostic value ofpontomesencephalic angle was higher than that of the mamillopontine distance.The sensitivity and specificity were 73.1％ and 73.1％,respectively,when mamillopontine distance was 6.4 mm.The sensitivity and specificity were 76.9％ and 96.2％,respectively,when pontomesencephalic angle was 51.7°.Conclusions The MR imaging findings present characteristic features of IHS.The quantitative indicators including mamillopontine distance and pontomesencephalic angle are helpful in clinical diagnosis of IHS.