DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) pathways are important repair pathways in human. DSBR pathways repair damaged DNA, maintain the integrity of the genetic information and therefore suppress cancer. More and more researches have indicated important roles of DSBR pathway genes in the development and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Objectives To investigate the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the common genotypes in Liaocheng city, Shandong province, China, and to evaluate the application value of high risk HPV detection in cervical cytology with different pathological conditions.Methods A total of 19 707 permanent female residents in Liaocheng were recruited who were married or had sexual life, aged from 18 to 70 years old.They were screened for cervical cancer by thinprep liquid-based cytology test (TCT) from January 2013 to January 2014.The screen positive rate was 4.24 ％ (837/19 707), and 785 volunteers aged from 21 to 65 years old were recalled.The xMAP bead-based hybridization and flowcytometry analysis were used for genotyping.The data were analyzed by comparison and description.Results According to TCT, among 785 cases, there were 478 cases of atypical squamous epithelium of unknown significance (ASCUS) and atypical glandular epithelium of unknown significance (AGCUS), 175 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LISL), 127 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ACC).The positive rate of high-risk HPV was 62.8 ％ (493/785).The risk age of infection was 26-30 years old (87.7 ％, 71/81) and 51-55 years old (79.7 ％, 51/64), while a low risk one was found in patients older than 55 years old (28.6 ％, 14/54).The top five high-risk subtypes of HPV were HPV16 (21.5 ％, 169/785), HPV52 (12.2 ％, 96/785), HPV58 (9.8 ％, 77/785), HPV33 (9.7 ％, 76/785), HPV18 (7.5 ％, 59/785).Single infection accounted for 45.0 ％ (353/785), while multi-infection for 17.8 ％ (140/785).98 cases were infected by two subtypes, 37 cases by three subtypes, 2 cases by four subtypes, 2 cases by five subtypes and 1 case by six subtypes.Conclusions Compared with pure cervical TCT screening, high-risk HPV infection detection is an effective method for cervical cancer screening, which can improve the specificity of cervical cancer screening and reduce the omission diagnostic rate.In Liaocheng, HPV subtypes 16, 52, 58, 33, 18 and multi-infection are more prevalent.Women belonging to 26-30 or 51-55 years old are identified as high-risk population.Screening is important for this group to discover early cervical lesions.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic,non-specific inflammatory disease.The persistent damage to its intestinal epithelium is key to the development of the disease.In recent years,a new form of cell death has been identified by researchers-iron death-which is thought to be an important contributor to intestinal epithelial cell death.The occurrence of iron death is often associated with abnormal intracellular iron metabolism,reduced cystine/glutamate reverse transporter activity,abnormal lipid metabolism,voltage-dependent anion channel activation and overexpression of the Nrf2 gene.Iron death can lead to smaller mitochondria,increased membrane density and reduced number of cristae,unlike conventional cell death,which does not exhibit specific phenomena.Studies have found that TCM can alleviate iron death in intestinal epithelial cells by reducing intracellular iron content,inhibiting lipid reactive oxygen species production and regulating Nrf2 gene expression,thus acting as a treatment for ulcerative colitis.Therefore,Chinese medicine may become an important tool for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.This paper reviews the relationship between cellular iron death and ulcerative colitis and the research progress of Chinese medicine in treating ulcerative colitis through the iron death pathway.