Objective To determine the optimized fractionated radiation schedule by comparing the dose-response relationship between different fractionated radiation schedules with a total dose of 40 Gy or 60 Gy in subclinical breast tumor.Methods Balb/c nude mice bearing subclinical human breast cancer (injected subcutaneously into the hind legs with 1.5 × 105 or 3.1 × 105 exponentially growing MCF-7 cells) were assigned randomly to blank control group (without radiation),conventionally fractionated radiation group (200 cGy,once daily,10 times/week),hyperfractionated radiation group (160 cGy,twice daily with an interval of 6 h,5 times/week),first hypofractionated radiation group (300 cGy,once daily,5 times/ week),and second hypofractionated radiation group (400 cGy,once every other day,3 times/week) ;the total dose was 40 Gy or 60 Gy.The measurement indices were tumor formation rate,short-term tumor control rate,long-term tumor control rate,the time of tumor recurrence,and the maximum diameter of the bottom of tumor.The observation lasted 24 weeks.Data were compared between these groups by chi-square test.Results With a total dose of 40 Gy (the number of injected cells was 1.5 × 105,the tumor formation rate of the blank control group was 2/8),hyperfractionated radiation was the optimized schedule.With a total dose of 60 Gy (the number of injected cells was 3.1 × 105,the tumor formation rate of the blank control group was 11/11),the first hypofractionated radiation (300 cGy,once daily,5 times/week) was the optimized schedule (P =0.001);the short-term and long-term tumor control rates of the conventionally fractionated radiation group,hyperfractionated radiation group,second hypofractionated radiation group,and first hypofractionated radiation group were 0/0 (tumor formation rates:8/8 and 8/8),50％/25％ (tumor formation rates:4/8 and 6/8),25 ％/25 ％ (tumor formation rates:6/8 and 6/8)),and 67 ％/67 ％ (tumor formation rates:4/12 and 4/12),respectively.Conclusions The optimized fractionated radiation schedule for subclinical breast cancer and its total dose vary with the number of injected tumor cells.When the tumor formation rate is 100％,hypofractionated radiation (300 cGy,once daily,5 times/week) is the optimized schedule in terms of long-term tumor control.

Thin endometrium is an important factor influencing the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and there is a lack of effective therapy in the treatment of thin endometrium.The aim of this study was to explore a stable animal model of effective thin endometrium, and to promote the research on thin endometrium pathogenesis and provide experimen-tal basis of treatment.To analyze a variety of establishments of endometrial damage animal model reported in the domestic and foreign literatures,it is concluded that perfusing 95% ethanol into uterine cavities of rats can establish a rat model of thin endometrium,and put forward some experience and methods for its improvement.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic factors affecting the formation of lymphovascular invasion (LⅥ) in patients with gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conduted.The clinicopathologic data of 1 260 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and December 2015 were collected.All the surgical specimens of patients were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain and diagnosed by pathological experts.Stages of patients were evaluated by the seventh TNM staging system for gastric cancer of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).Observation indicators:(1) pathologica features:histological differentiation,invasive depth,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging;(2) follow-up situations;(3) influenced factors of the positive LⅥ:sex,age,histological differentiation,invasive depth,number of lymph node metastasis and TNM staging affecting positive LⅥ were analyzed.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview were performed to detect survival of patients up to June 2016.Univariate analysis was done using the chi-square test,and multivariate analysis was done using the trend chi-square test,and binary Logistic regression model.Results (1) Pathological features:1 260 patients with gastric cancer were diagnosed by postoperative pathological examinations,including 355 with positive LⅥ and 905 with negative LⅥ.Histological differentiation:high-differentiated tumor was detected in 13 patients,moderate-differentiated tumor in 232 patients and low-differentiated tumor in 775 patients.There were 95 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma and 145 with signet-ring cell carcinoma.Invasive depth:tumor invasion into mucosal layer or submucosal layer (T1 stage) was detected in 242 patients,muscular layer (T2 stage) in 160 patients,gastric wall layer and no invasion into serosal layer (T3 stage) in 37 patients and subserosal layer (T4 stage) in 821 patients.Lymph node metastasis:no regional lymph node metastasis (N0 stage) was detected in 461 patients,1-2 lymph nodes metastases (N1 stage)in 164 patients,3-6 lymph nodes metastases (N2 stage) in 245 patients and more than 7 lymph nodes metastases (N3 stage) in 390 patients.TNM staging:there were respectively 191 patients in Ⅰ A stage,114 in Ⅰ B stage,62 in ⅡA stage,202 in ⅡB stage,132 in ⅢA stage,80 in ⅢB stage,476 in ⅢC stage and 3 in Ⅳ stage.(2)Follow-up situations:1 142 patients (320 with positive LⅥ and 822 with negative LⅥ) were followed up for 4.0-24.0 months,with a meidan time of 11.0 months and a follow-up rate of 90.635％ (1 142/1 260).During the follow-up,154 patients died,including 41 with positive LⅥ and 113 with negative LⅥ.(3) Influenced factors of the positive LⅥ:① results of univariate analysis showed that histological differentiation,invasive depth,number of lymph node metastasis and TNM staging were factors affecting positive LⅥ of patients with gastric cancer (X2=16.930,29.190,64.463,46.539,P＜0.05).② Results of the trend chi-square test showed that histological differentiation,invasive depth,number of lymph node metastasis and TNM staging were factors affecting positive LⅥ of patients with gastric cancer,with a linear correlation (X2 =54.883,69.130,164.618,119.594,r=0.211,0.243,0.365,0.316,P＜0.05).There was a greater correlation between number of lymph node metastasis and formation of lymphovascular invasion.③ Results of the binary Logistic regression model showed that moderate-and low-differentiated tumor and N1-N3 stage of lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors affecting positive LⅥ of patients with gastric cancer (OR=2.572,1.782,95％ confidence interval:0.495-1.494,0.386-0.781,P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients with lower tumor differentiation and / or greater number of lymph node metastasis may have a higher risk of forming LⅥ.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus direct TLDG for early gastric cancer.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 623 patients with early gastric cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2014 to December 2019 were collected. There were 405 males and 218 females, aged from 26 to 86 years, with a median age of 62 years. Of 623 patients, 25 cases undergoing TLDG after ESD were divided into ESD+TLDG group and 598 cases undergoing TLDG directly were divided into TLDG group. Observation indicators: (1) the propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data between the two groups after propensity score matching; (2) intraoperative and postoperative situations of TLDG; (3) stratification analysis of the ESD+TLDG group. The propensity score matching was conducted by 1∶2 matching using the nearest neighbor method. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was done using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range) and comparison between groups was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) The propensity score matching conditions and comparison of general data between the two groups after propensity score matching: 75 of 623 patients had successful matching, including 25 in the ESD+TLDG group and 50 in the TLDG group. Before propensity score matching, the body mass index (BMI), cases with tumor diameter ≤20 mm, 21 to 30 mm or>30 mm, cases with tumor classified as stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ or stage Ⅲ of clinical staging were (22.3±3.6)kg/m 2, 16, 6, 3, 24, 1, 0 of the ESD+TLDG group, respectively, versus (24.3±2.7)kg/m 2, 238, 125, 235, 312, 126, 160 of the TLDG group, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=2.744, Z=?2.834, ?4.209, P<0.05). After propensity score matching, the BMI, cases with tumor diameter ≤20 mm, 21 to 30 mm or >30 mm, cases with tumor classified as stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ of clinical staging were (22.3±3.6)kg/m 2, 16, 6, 3, 24, 1 of the ESD+TLDG group, versus (23.6±2.9)kg/m 2, 29, 12, 9, 48, 2 of the TLDG group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( t=1.542, Z=?0.597, 0.000, P>0.05). (2) Intraoperative and postoperative situations of TLDG: after propensity score matching, the operation time and time to postoperative drainage tube removal were 180 minutes(range, 124 to 289 minutes) and 6 days(range, 4 to 13 days) of the ESD+TLDG group,respectively,versus 170 minutes(range, 106 to 250 minutes) and 6 days (range, 4 to 9 days) of the TLDG group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( Z=-2.396, -3.039, P<0.05). Cases with the volume of intraoperative blood loss <50 mL, 50 to 100 mL or >100 mL, the number of lymph node dissected, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with perioperative complications as incision fat liquefaction, delayed gastric emptying, anastomotic bleeding or pulmonary infection were 7, 9, 9,34(range, 16 to 58), 8 days(range, 6 to 31 days), 1, 1, 0, 0 of the ESD+TLDG group,respectively,versus 18, 26, 6, 39 (range, 22 to 68), 8 days (range, 6 to 29 days), 0, 0, 1, 1 of the TLDG group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-1.703, -1.958, -1.139, χ2=0.033, P>0.05). Cases with anastomotic bleeding were recovered after hemostasis under endoscopy and cases with other perioperative complications were recovered after conservative treatment. (3) Stratification analysis of the ESD+TLDG group. ① For 5 cases undergoing TLDG ≤14 days after ESD and 20 cases undergoing TLDG >14 days after ESD, the operation time of TLDG, cases with the volume of intraoperative blood loss <50 mL, 50 to 100 mL or >100 mL during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with perioperative complications were 200 minutes(range, 170 to 289 minutes), 0, 3, 2, 36(range, 9 to 57), 7 days(range, 5 to 9 days), 8 days(range, 7 to 9 days), 1 and 180 minutes (range, 124 to 253 minutes), 8, 6, 6, 34(range, 8 to 78), 6 days(range, 4 to 13 days), 8 days(range, 6 to 31 days), 1, respectively, showing no significant difference in the operation time of TLDG, volume of intraoperative blood loss during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative tube removal and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=?1.536, ?1.993, ?0.238, ?0.932, ?0.589, P>0.05), and no significant difference in cases with perioperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). ② For 13 cases undergoing TLDG ≤21 days after ESD and cases undergoing TLDG >21 days after ESD, the operation time of TLDG, cases with the volume of intraoperative blood loss as <50 mL, 50 to 100 mL or >100 mL during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with perioperative complications were 200 minutes(range, 145 to 289 minutes), 2, 6, 5, 34(range, 8 to 57), 6 days(range, 4 to 11 days), 8 days(range, 6 to 11 days), 1 and 179 minutes(range, 124 to 240 minutes), 6, 3, 3, 34(range, 16 to 78), 6 days(range, 5 to 13 days), 8 days(range, 6 to 31 days), 1, respectively, showing a significant difference in the operation time of TLDG between the two groups ( Z=?2.241, P<0.05), while showing no significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=?1.471, ?0.163, ?0.084, ?0.194, P>0.05) and no significant difference in cases with perioperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). ③ For 15 cases undergoing TLDG ≤28 days after ESD and 10 cases undergoing TLDG >28 days after ESD, the operation time of TLDG, cases with the volume of intraoperative blood loss <50 mL, 50 to 100 mL or >100 mL during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative drainage tube removal, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with perioperative complications were 190 minutes (range, 145 to 289 minutes), 2, 7, 6, 33(range, 8 to 57), 6 days(range, 4 to 11 days), 8 days(range, 6 to 31 days), 1 and 179 minutes(range, 124 to 240 minutes), 6, 2, 2, 37(range, 16 to 78), 6 days (range, 5 to 13 days), 8 days(range, 6 to 14 days), 1, respectively, showing no significant difference in the operation time of TLDG, volume of intraoperative blood loss during TLDG, the number of lymph node dissected, time to postoperative tube removal and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( Z=?1.619, ?2.000, ?0.667, ?0.370, ?0.057, P>0.05), and no significant difference in cases with perioperative complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with cases undergoing TLDG directly, the operation time to TLDG and time to drainage tube removal after TLDG for cases undergoing ESD+TLDG are prolonged, but there is no difference in the short-term efficacy. For cases undergoing TLDG ≤21 days after ESD and cases undergoing TLDG >21 days after ESD, there is a significant difference in the operation time of TLDG.

Objective To study dose-response relationship and screen the optimized fractionated irradiation schedules in subclinical tumors of malignant glioma.Methods Balb/c-nude mice bearing human malignant glioma xenograft were assigned randomly into control group,fractionated irradiation schedules group and nimotuzumab-conventional fraction group.The fractionated schedules were 200 cGy x 5f/w,300 cGy ×5f/w,160 cGy ×2f/d x5 d and 400 cGy ×3f/w with total dose of 40 Gy and 60 Gy,respectively.Measurement indexes were tumor-forming rate,average recurrence time and maximum diameter of the tumor bottom.The observation lasted 24 weeks.Results With the total dose of 40 Gy,none of the significant long-term tumor regression were detected in any fractionated irradiation schedules; 400 cGy x 3f/w with complete tumor response at the end of treatment showed a better short-term curative effect.With the total dose of 60 Gy,long-term control rate of each fractionated irradiation schedule group was improved with prolonged average recurrence time of varable degrees,except 200 cGy x 5f/w fractionated schedule (tumor formation rate was 100％ at the end of treatment and average recurrence time was the poorest of 108 d).160 cGy × 2f/d × 5 d fractionated schedule showed the best curative effect with no tumor formation in 2 of 8 mice and longest recurrence time of 143 d.300 cGy x 5f/w fractionated schedule ranked second with no tumor formation in 1 of 8 mice and average recurrence time was 137 d.400 cGy x 3f/w fractionated schedule produced the poorest outcome with no case cured.There were no significant changes in the tumor-forming rate or average recurrence time when nimotuzumab was concurrently used for subclinical tumors of malignant glioma with total dose of 60 Gy.Conclusions Conventional fractionated irradiation is not the best option to control the sustained growth.160 cGy ×2f/d ×5 d and 300 cGy × 5f/w might be the optimized fractionated irradiation schedules for subclinical tumors of malignant glioma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and drug combined with endoscopic treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB).Methods:From January 2012 to December 2013, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, the data of 147 patients with liver cirrhosis and EGVB undergoing TIPS or drug combined with endoscopic treatment were retrospectively collected, with 87 cases in TIPS treatment group and 60 in drug combined with endoscopic treatment group.The 5 years follow-up data were analyzed, and the overall survival rates, rebleeding-free survival rates and hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after treatment of two groups were compared. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Z test, log-rank test and trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, initial liver function, coagulation function, liver ascites, previous history of hepatic encephalopathy, blood pressure and preoperative blood transfusion history between the TIPS treatment group and combination of drugs and endoscopy treatment group (all P>0.05). Forty-one patients died within 5 years, of which 20 (48.8%) died of rebleeding and 6 (14.6%) died of hepatic encephalopathy. There were no significant differences in 6-week, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year overall survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was higher than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (78.4% vs. 63.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.06, P=0.048). The 6-week, 1-year, 2-year, 5-year rebleeding-free survival rates of the TIPS group were 97.7%, 96.5%, 88.9% and 70.9%, respectively, which were all higher than those of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (86.7%, 53.3%, 43.3% and 27.1%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.35, 6.39, 6.26 and 4.80, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years after treatment between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was lower than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (67.7% vs. 86.7%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.28, P=0.030). The lower the Child-Pugh classification, the higher the cumulative 5-year survival rate ( χ2=6.75, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate in patients with the same Child-Pugh classification between the TIPS group and the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of TIPS is better than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment in treating EGVB. Even the long-term risk of hepatic encephalopathy of TIPS is higher, the short-term, middle-term and long-term rebleeding rate are decreased. Patients with Child-Pugh grade C do not need to avoid TIPS when choosing the treatment, the earlier the TIPS used, the better survival benefit will be obtained.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of social isolation on the cognition and expression of 5-HT2C receptor(5-HT2CR) and adenosine deaminase that act on RNA 1(ADAR1) in BALB/c mice.MethodsThe healthy BALB/c mice were isolated for 2,4,and 8 weeks individually since postnatal 21 days respectively to set up isolation mice model,the same age mice without isolation were regarded as control group.The new object location and the new object recognition tests were used to measure the spatial and non-spatial cognitive function,and western blot was used to measure the protein expression of 5-HT2CR and ADAR1.ResultsThe new object location test showed that the spatial discrimination index (DI) of BALB/c mice isolated for 2 weeks was decreased significantly compared with the control group(control group was (0.075±0.340),isolation group was (-0.653±0.308),P<0.05),and no obvious difference was found for the group isolated for 4 and 8 weeks.The new object recognition test showed that the non-spatial DI of BALB/c mice isolated for 2 and 4 weeks were decreased significantly compared with the control group(control 2 weeks group was (0.088±0.210),isolation 2 weeks group was (-0.945±0.194),P<0.05;control 4 weeks group was (0.105±0.267),isolation 4 weeks group was (-0.506±0.215),P<0.05),and no obvious difference was found for the group isolated for 8 weeks.Compared with the control group the expression of 5-HT2CR and ADAR1 in the hippocampus were decreased significantly for the group isolated for 2 weeks.(5-HT2CR:control group was (1.025±0.144),isolation group was (0.891±0.026),P<0.05.ADAR1: control group was (0.839±0.120),isolation group was (0.629±0.094),P<0.05).ConclusionsTwo week social isolation results in the decrease of spatial and non-spatial cognitive function in BALB/c mice,in the meanwhile,social isolation stress results in the obvious decrease of 5-HT2C receptor and ADAR1 protein expression in the hippocampus of BALB/c mice.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of the " rectangle plus triangle flaps" methods to repair the post-burn pseudo anal stenosis. Methods: From Oct. 2014 to Jan. 2017, five cases of pseudo anal stenosis were hospitalized and the durations of their scar contraction were 0.5 to 2 years. Flaps were located: at 3 o′clock and 9 o′clock directions of anus with prone position. Flaps were designed as one rectangle flap plus two triangle flaps. Rectangle flap was located from the exit of the diverticulum (pedicle) to the anus (distal end). Triangle flaps were located between the anus and the distal end of the rectangle flap, perpendicular to the rectangle flap. Flap transfer: ① the rectangle flap was advanced to the anus direction and sutured with the incision edge of the triangle flap closer to the anus; ② the two triangle flaps were rotated by 90 degrees and transferred to the two longitudinal incisions of the rectangle flap. Results: This design could enlarge the diverticulum exit and shorten its distance to the anus. All flaps survived and were well-healed. The follow-ups at 0.5 to 2 years presented favorable clinical results. No flap contracture, recurrent stenosis, unobstructed defecation or cleaning convenience occurred. Conclusions The " rectangle plus triangle flaps" methods was an effective way to repair the post-burn pseudo anal stenosis, which could enlarge the diverticulum exit and relocate the anus by making use of the perianal scar tissue.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of negative pressure closed drainage with chitosan membrane in the treatment of multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, 108 patients with skin ulcer wound complicated by multiple drug-resistant bacterial infection were admitted in the department of burn and plastic surgery, Qingdao Jiaozhou Central Hospital. Among them, 36 patients had pressure ulcers, 40 cases had diabetic foot wounds, and 32 were traumatic skin ulcer wounds. Patients were divided into group A or group B for different treatments. In group A, besides the basic surgical dressing change, patients were treated by negative pressure closed drainage with chitosan membrane. The patients in Group B were only treated with basic surgical dressing change. The changes of wound were closely observed during the phases, and the wound bacterial culture and antimicrobial drug sensitivity test were performed regularly. The therapeutic effects of the 2 groups were compared. The changes of bacterial species of wound infection and the healing time were recorded. Results: In group A, the healing time of wound infection was: pressure ulcers (14.00±1.28) days, diabetic foot wounds (13.40±1.27) days, traumatic skin ulcer wounds (12.44±1.55) days. In group B, the wound healing time was: pressure ulcers (25.17±2.73) days, diabetic foot wounds (23.85±1.73) days, traumatic skin ulcer wounds (19.81±1.94) days. The wound healing time of group A was shorter than group B. In group A, the multiple drug-resistant bacteria was replaced by non-multiple drug-resistant bacteria, or there was no pathogenic bacterial growth. The differences between the two groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions Additional to the basic surgical dressing change, negative pressure closed drainage with chitosan membrane could promote wound healing, when it′s associated with multiple drug-resistant bacteria infection. This method has benefits in efficient drainage, preventing the formation of bacterial biofilm and changing local microenvironment for the dominant propagation. Therefore, it could effectively control the multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections, promote wound healing and save treatment time.

With the deep understanding of gastric cancer and the development of new technology, various comprehensive treatment modes for different stages of gastric cancer have been widely recognized. Endoscopic technology represented by endoscopic submucosal dissection is an important method for diagnosis of gastric cancer and treatment for early gastric cancer. Surgical operation is the preferred treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer, mainly including total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, pylorus preserving gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy and the corresponding regional lymph node dissection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy play important roles in preoperative and post-operative adjuvant therapy of gastric cancer, while the role of radiotherapy needs to be further observed. In recent years, targeted therapy represented by trastuzumab which is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and immunotherapy represented by programmed death-1 inhibitors have made important progress in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, they need to be further proved to become the first-line treatment for gastric cancer. The authors believe that with more research results of gastric cancer, the comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer will be more diversified, which will make the treatment of gastric cancer individualized and accurate and finally benefit more patients.