Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is a kind of small molecular peptide which can pass through a variety of cell membranes. It can carry bioactive macromolecules into cells. Due to lacking of tissue-selecting and targeting behavior, the application of CPP in the field of tumor treatment is limited. Activatable cell- penetrating peptide (ACPP) has brought the dawn to the application of CPP. This review mainly introduces the applications of ACPP in the targeting antitumor drug delivery which was designed based on the differences between tumor microenvironment and normal tissues as well as the exogenous physical stimulation.

Objective To study the appropriate antibiotic for prophylactic use in cesarean section. Methods The effects and side effects of prophylatic antibiotics in 1 266 cesarean section were studied retrospectively. Six regiems were engaged: (1) Penicillin and Ampicillin; (2) Mezlocillin sodium; (3) Sulbactam and Ampicillin; (4) Ciprofloxacin; (5) Clindamycin; (6) Cefacidal. Results The duration of postoperative body temperature return to normal of 1-6 group is (54.0?28.4) hours, (48.9?27.8) hours, (49.9?23.9) hours, (58.6?33.7) hours, (52.5?25.2) hours, (63.1?51.1) hours respectively. It was longer in cefazolin group than the others. There were less puerperal morbidity and side effects of Mezlocillin. Conclusions Penicillin and Ampicillin are still the most common choices as prophylatic antibiotic in cesarean section. Mezlocillin is appropriate as well.

The decreased occupational dose limit for eye lens has lead to an extensive focus on the eye lens dose monitoring and protection for occupational staff in interventional procedures.Based on the literature investigation of existing measurement and calculation results,the efficiency and influence factors of eye lens protective equipments for interventional staff are analyzed,and the suggestions for selection and use of them are provided.The main contribution to the eye lens dose to interventional staff is unshielded radiation which reaches the eyes directly.The key factors to inflence the efficiency of eye lens protective equipment is the geometric conditions such as structure,beam projection,position arrangement and operator postures,instead of lead equivalent thickness.Equipment of 0.5 mm lead equivalent thickness is enough to protect the eye lens of interventional staff.The combination of lead glasses and lead barrier can provide better protection in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate reversal of drug resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by c-jun antisense. Methods: A c-jun antisense was applied to treat resistant and sensitive A2780 cell lines, and to observe the expression levels of c-jun, ?-GCS and GSH in two cell lines. Results: c-jun antisense inhibit c-jun gene expression in resistance cell lines . The mRNA level of the key enzyme in GSH synthesis, ?-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, was also reduced. The GSH content in resistant cells was dropped about 75 % . MTT analysis show that the resistant cells IC_(50) to cisplatin was dropped from 40 ?mol/L to 1.0 ?mol/L after a c-jun antisense treatment. No significant effect was observed in senstive cells (0.2 ?mol/L). Conclusion: A c-jun antisense can inhibit its gene expression in cells, and GSH synthesis in resistant cell was also inhibited. The resistant cells could be reversed to the level of sensitive cells.

In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride tablet in Chinese healthy volunteers, a sensitive, specific and rapidprotein precipitation-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Symmtry-C18 column (50 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm), using a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1 mmol/ L ammonium acetate in water at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/ min. Cefotiam and diazepam (internal standard) were detected without interference in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. The calibration curve was linear from 5. 0 ng / mL to 5000 ng / mL (r>0. 99) with limit of quantitation of 5. 0 ng / mL. The assay met the published acceptance criteria. This rapid, sensitive and reproducible method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of cefotiam hexetil hydrochloride tablet in healthy Chinese volunteers and therefore provided a considerable mirror for quantification of other cephalosporins in human matrix.

Objective To study the clinical value of heart‐type fatty acid binding protein(H‐FABP) ,high‐sensitive cTnI(hs‐cT‐nI),homocysteine(Hcy)andcystatinc(Cys‐C)intheearlydiagnosisofacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI).Methods 150casesof AMI patients with coronary arteriography (AMI group) were selected from the cardiovascular department admitted within the first 6hours of chest pain attack .An additional 30 case for control group .The level of four novel cardiac marker were measured in each group of serum .Results The level of serum H‐FABP ,hs‐cTnI ,Hcy and Cys‐C in AMI group were markedly higher than control group(P<0 .05) ,and rose with the increase of coronary artery lesions with statistical difference (P<0 .05) .Each cardiac markers showed high specificity in the diagnosis of AMI ,amongst which H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI ,stood out with sensitivity of 97 .34% and 89 .98% respectively .With Youden index ,positive likelihood ration ,negative likelihood ration ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value ,H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI appeared to have higher diagnostic value than Hcy and Cys‐C in AMI .Conclusion H‐FABP and hs‐cTnI displayed significant clinical value as a most sensitive indicator in the early diagnosis of AMI (within 6 hours of attack) . The level of H‐FABP ,hs‐cTnI ,Hcy and Cys‐C elevated as coronary artery lesions increase .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose levothyroxine sodium in treatment of severe pulmonary tuberculosis with euthyroid sick syndrome(ESS). Methods One hundred and twenty inpatients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis and ESS were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by gender, age, disease duration and severity. Both groups were given anti- tuberculosis, antiinfection treatment and nutritional support for 2 weeks; patients in treatment group were given low-dose levothyroxine sodium additionally. Thyroid function, clinical improvements, increase of albumin, reduction of acid-fast bacilli, improvements on images and the mortality rates were compared between the groups.Results After 2 weeks of treatment, symptoms including fever, cough and night sweats were improved in both groups. Marked improvements were observed in 19 patients(31.7%)of treatment group and 8 patients (13.3%)of control group(χ2 = 5. 73, P ＜ 0.05). Clearance rate of acid-fast bacilli in treatment group was 25.0%(15/60), but that in the control was only 6.7%(4/60)(χ2 = 7. 50, P ＜ 0.01). Serum albumin in the treatment group was increased to(34.2 ±0.4)g/L after the treatment, and that in the control group was(29.1 ±0.6)g/L(t =2.42, P＜0.05). T3 and FT3 were significantly increased in both groups, but more significant difference was observed in the treatment group(t = 59. 42 and 50. 66, P ＜ 0. 01). No empty closed after treatment in both groups, but the effective rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(93.3% vs. 76.7%, χ2 =6. 54, P＜0.05). Two patients in control group died(2/60, 3. 3%), while no death was reported in treatment group. Conclusions Low-dose levothyroxine sodium treatment is effective for ESS in patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis.Improvement on low T3 syndrome may be an important indicator for the overall improvement or recovery.

Objectives To investigate preparation of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles, and its property of slow-release, the cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells (PANC1) in vitro, for improving the effect of regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer with new medicament in the future. Methods The gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles were prepared with bovine serum albumin and gemcitabine with the desolvation-crosslink method, the concentration of gemcitabine was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro were detected with MTT colorimetric assay. Results The mean diameter of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles was (156.2±2.2) nm, and Zeta potential was (-20.4±1.41)mV, drug loading was 10.8%, drug release time in virto was 3 hours respectively. Gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles (0.01～50 μg/ml) had a 31%～44% inhibitory rate on PANC1 cell, which was similar to the inhibitory rate of same concentration of gemcitabine (26%～47%). Conclusions The new preparation of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles had obvious drug slow-release effect, which may help improve the effect of regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To analyze the correlation between LC-MS/MS method and enzymatic cycling assay for determination of homocysteine concentration in human serum,and the application of two methods in the determination of homocysteine concentration.Methods Homocysteine concentrations of 63 serum samples were collected and determined by LC-MS/MS method and enzymatic cycling assay,respectively.The correlation between the concentrations by different methods was analyzed and evaluated.Results The concentrations were(19.11 ± 15.69) μmol/L by LC-MS/MS method and(16.95 ± 14.41) μmol/L by enzymatic cycling assay,the P value evaluated by paired-samples T test showed that there was statistical difference among the concentrations determined by two different methods (t =6.25,P ＜ 0.05).The conversion formula was YLC-MS/MS method =1.074Xenzymatic cycling assay + 0.892,R =0.987.Conclusion There is good correlation between LC-MS/MS method and enzymatic cycling assay for the determination of homocysteine concentration in serum,providing a theoretical basis for estimating the concentrations in the same serum sample by the two methods.

Objective To explore the value of pretargeting technology in vitro MRI of L5 peptide guided streptavidin-conjugated and polyethylene glycol modification protected ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide(SA-PEG-USPIO) to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) via glypican-3(GPC3) receptor.Methods Direct immumofluorescence assay with carboxyfluorescein(FAM) labeled L5 and competitive inhibition was performed in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells.Imaging was obtained from fluorescent microscope.Immunoassay fluorescence images were carried out to determine the expression of GPC3 in HepG2 cell.PEG-USPIO conjugated with streptavidin was made by carbodiimide reaction,and the hydrodynamic diameters,Zeta potential and magnetic relaxivity of SA-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO were measured.HL7702 cells were used for evaluate cells viability of SA-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO.HepG2 and HL-7702 cells were used as experimental and control group respectively.Each of the two cell lines were further divided into three groups:L5-BT united SA-PEG-USPIO group,SA-PEG-USPIO group and control group.Prussian blue staining and MRI was preformed to observe the targeting efficacy of SA-PEG-USPIO respectively,and normalized T2 signal was recorded.The significant changes of normalized T2 signal intensity among groups was deterumine by using One-way analysis of variance.Results There were much more fluorescences on the membrane and cytoplasm of HepG2 cells than those on HL-7702 cells and cells of competition group.And indirect immunofluorescence images show the obvious expression of GPC3 in HepG2 cell.The SA-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO nanoparticles had hydrodynamic diameters of (22.73 ± 3.31) and (35.97±5.19)nm,Zeta potential of them were (4.22±0.53) and (-7.91± 1.22)mV and magnetic relaxivity were 0.139 4× 103 and 0.103 9 × 103 mM-1s1.Although the highest concentration of SA-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO was 2.4 mmol/L,cells viability was greater than 80％.The most iron particle was observed in L5-BT united SA-PEG-USPIO group of HepG2 cells.In vitro MR,the normalized T2 signal intensity of HepG2 cells in L5-BT united SA-PEG-USPIO group,SA-PEG-USPIO group and control group were 39±7,77 ± 12 and 93 ± 4.There was significant difference among those three groups (F=23.96,P＜0.01).The normalized T2 signal intensity of HL-7702 cells in each of three groups were 69± 11,78±8 and 95±5.There was no significant difference among those three groups (F=2.86,P＞0.05).Conclusion By the pretargeting method,L5 peptide guided SA-PEG-USPIO has effective targeting ability to HepG2 cells in vitro.