OBJECTIVE:To study distribution and targeting of Gardenia jasminoides extract niosomes in rats. METHODS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes were prepared by modified thin film dispersion method. 30 rats were randomly divided into G. jasmin-oides extract group(57 mg/kg)and G. jasminoides extract liposome group(131 mg/kg)according to their weight. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 days. 1 h after last administration,heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney tissue were isolated,and HPLC method was adopted to the contents of active ingredients gardenoside in them. The targeting of G. jasminoides extract niosomes was evaluated by DTI quantitatively. RESULTS:Compared with G. jasminoides extract group, the contents of gardenoside in heart,spleen and brain tissue of rats increased significantly in G. jasminoides extract niosomes group (P<0.01),and DTI were 1.718,1.972 and 13.071;the contents of gardenoside in liver and kidney decreased significantly (P<0.01),and DTI were 0.431 and 0.467,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes change the distribution of gardenoside in rats,showing brain targeting effect and decreasing first pass effect for liver.

Objective To investigate the changes of parathyroid hormone receptor in patients with different stages of renal disease and its possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Relatively quantitative RT/PCR method was used to detect PTH receptor mRNA expression in renal specimens obtained through biopsy or operation. Results The levels of PTH receptor mRNA were significantly decreased in all patients with chronic glomerulonephritisx moderate renal failure severe renal failure and acute renal failure, which was correlated with the extent of renal impairment. Conclusion The downregulation of renal PTH receptor occurs much earlier than the changes of renal function., plasma PTH., serum phosphate and calcium in the course of human renal disease.

The user information needs, being one of the core elements in modem library, is the basis for survival and development of modern library. In the digital and network environment, the electronic resources are increasingly becoming the main part of information resources. The Library of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences is the central library of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China, and therefore how to use limited funds to build an optimal, most rational and sustainable development guarantee system of TCM electronic resources is its new task in the information age. This paper discussed the objective and principles of building guarantee system of TCM electronic resources, and also put forward some measures and strategies about constructing it from eight aspects.

Objective:To explore the expression of TGF-?,TGF-?1 in the tissues of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreas,and study the changes and the relationships with the clinicopathological parameters of pancreatic adenocarcinomas.Methods:The expressions of the TGF-?,TGF-?1 were assayed in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of 41 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 12 normal pancreatic tissues by means of SABC immunohistochemistry.The relationships between the expression and clinical parameters were analysied,such as ages,gender,tumor size,location,degree of differentiation and stage(UICC).Results:The positive rate of TGF-?,TGF-?1 were73.2%,63.4% respectively in pancreatic adenoeareinoma and were16.7 %,25% respectively in normal pancreatic tissues.Significant differences were found between the two groups(P

Objective To compare the outcomes of TOT and TVT procedure treating female intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD).Methods From May 2010 to September 2015,42 stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients whose abdominal leak point pressure was less than 60 cmH2O were enrolled in this study.Thirty-five patients were followed up.The mean age was (56.8 ±10.5) years,with a range of 30-80 years.The mean history was(10.5 ± 9.1)years,with a range of 4 months to 30 years,with 26 (74.3％) of them being postmenopausal,5 (14.3％) having a history of pelvic surgery,and no pelvic organ prolapsed or hormone replacement.All of them were randomly divided into 2 groups to undergo either TVT operation (13 cases) or TOT operation (22 cases).The baseline characteristics of the two groups including age,length of history,urodynamic parameters and scale scores showed no significant difference.The scales including urinary incontinence severity score (UISS),detrusor instability score (DIS),Quality of Life Scale Evaluation (I-QOL),lower urinary tract symptoms affect score (UDI-6) were used.The outcomes between TVT group and TOT group were compared.Result After procedure,patients in TVT group got a lower UISS score than TOT group(17.2 ± 2.2 vs.17.7 ± 3.1),and their severity of urinary incontinence improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a lower DIS score than TOT group (12.6 ± 4.2 vs.14.2 ± 3.5),and their detrusor instability symptoms improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a higher I-QOL score than TOT group(17.5 ± 14.5 vs.16.1 ± 13.0),and their quality of life improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a lower UDI-6 score than TOT group (10.1 ± 3.0 vs.11.2 ± 3.4),and their lower urinary tract symptoms improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Urinary incontinence of female ISD patients were improved greater by TVT than TOT procedure.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and experience of the tracheal stent implantation for the management of severe tracheal stenosis.Materials Thirteen patients with severe tracheal stenosis of various causes underwent high kilovoltage radiography and computed tomography for evaluating the site,form and extent of the stenosis including 10 at the trachea,1 at the right main bronchus and 2 at left main bronchus.The C2 catheter assisted with ultra-slipping guide wire was inserted into the trachea under fluoroscopy and then a replaced high shoring guide wire was pushed through the stenotic segment and retained the stent. Results All stents were implanted successfully with successful rate 100% together with dyspneic improvements.The mean survival time was 6.2 months for patients with malignant neoplasm.One patient with benign tracheal stenosis has been followed-up for 5 years without restenosis. Conclusions The tracheal stent implantation is an effective means for severe tracheal stenosis.

Objective:To investigate the impact of preoperative urodynamic study on the diagnosis and treatment for female patients with clinical diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence by studying their diag-nosis and treatment database,and to assess its clinical significance of urodynamic study.Methods:From April 2011 to December 2015,196 female patients diagnosed clinically with stress urinary incontinence underwent preoperative urodynamics study,after excluding pelvic organ prolapse.The preoperative uro-dynamic data of these 196 cases were analyzed and the clinical significance of urodynamics on differential diagnosis and treatment for the female patients with stress urinary incontinence was evaluated.Results:In this study,23 cases (11.73%)changed or amended their diagnoses by the urodynamic study,which were inconsistent with the previous clinical diagnoses concluded by the symptoms,physical examinations, and lab tests.A total of 10 cases underwent a different surgery or conservative treatment instead of the original treatment according to urodynamic study.Of them,3 were diagnosed as detrusor overactive and undertook conservative treatment;3 were diagnosed as bladder outlet obstruction plus stress urinary in-continence and were undertaken the transurethral resection of the bladder neck (TURBN)plus tension free vaginal tape (TVT);2 were diagnosed as bladder outlet obstruction plus stress urinary incontinence and were undertaken TURBN alone;1 was diagnosed as bladder outlet obstruction plus stress urinary in-continence and was undertaken TURBN plus tension free vaginal tape obturator (TOT);1 was found no abnormal bladder function turned out to be interstitial cystitis and went for a bladder instillation of drug. The changed treatments avoided the risk of dysuria or residual urine increased after operation due to inap-propriate surgical methods.Conclusion:In order to make a correct diagnosis and suitable treatment for female patients with stress urinary incontinences,the preoperative urodynamic study is necessary besides detailed medical history,physical examination,and laboratory tests.With the help of the urodynamic study,the concomitant diseases of patients with stress urinary incontinence may be detected,the individualized treatment regimen can be developed,and more importantly,the inappropriate surgical de-cision can be avoided.

Objective To explore the best mode of diabetic dietary education in the nursing specialist outpatient service,which is suit for China's national situation.Methods A total of 100 diabetic patients consulting diabetes diet in the nursing specialist outpatient service were divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases each by random digits table method.The routine sermonic education mode was used in control group,while the error-correction education mode was used in observation group.The question-real-time evaluation was performed at the end of the education and a follow-up evaluation after 6 months of intervention was evaluated.Results Grasp of the knowledge of diabetes diet in observation group immediately after education and 6 months after education were better than those in control group,t=3.07,3.06,P＜0.01.In the follow-up evaluation after 6 months of intervention,fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were (6.84±0.79) mmol/L,(6.83±0.36) ％ in observation group and (7.56±0.93) mmol/L,(7.67±0.87) ％ in control group.The indices in observation group were significantly better than those in control group,t=-4.17,-6.32,P＜0.01.Conclusions Using the error-correction education mode can correct the false dietary behavior of patients and improve the effect of the diabetic dietary education more effectively.

Objective To prepare gadolinium-loaded stearic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA-DTPA-Gd) and evaluate its micelle properties,cytotoxicity,relaxation rate in vitro,and pancreatic tumor in vivo imaging.Methods Stear ic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA) was synthesized by acetylation reaction between stearic acid and chitooligosaccharide.Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPA) was conjugated to the residual amino groups of COSSA,then Gd3+ was chelated to obtain the final product.The micelle properties were measured using an electron microscopy and a laser particle sizer.The MTT assay was adopted to determine cytotoxicity.The in vitro relaxation rate and in vivo imaging of pancreatic tumor were evaluated using an MR scanner.Results COSSA-DTPA-Gd could self-assemble into stable micelles in aqueous solutions with a critical micelle concentration of (5.12±0.43)μg/ml.The micelles had positive charge and exhibited roughly spherical shape with a mean diameter of (58.3± 5.7)nm.The content of Gd3+ in COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 330.31 μmol/g.The nanoprobe and Magnevist,the commercial formulation,showed similar cytotoxicity (P＞0.05).The cell survival rate within 24 h were higher than 85％.The in vitro relaxation rate of COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 8.23 mM-1 ·s-1.After intravenous injection,COSSA-DTPA-Gd showed a better positive contrast-enhancing effect for pancreatic tumor than Magnevist.The MR images at the tumor periphery was rapidly enhanced,while a slow increase in image quality was observed in tumor core.Conclusion The prepared COSSA-DTPA-Gd can be used for efficient MR imaging of pancreatic tumor.

In this article,the purpose,period,overview,and principle of medical subject headings renovation was introduced,to provide references for national headings renovation and maintenance.