Objective:To investigate age related changes in urodynamic parameters of women with uri-nary incontinence.Methods:From May 2008 to October 2015,a total of 214 patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence in Peking University People’s Hospital was involved in this study.Average age was (56.97 ±10.68)years,ranging from 30 to 82 years,and average history was (8.44 ±8.85)years, ranging from one month to 50 years.Urodynamic examinations of each patient were taken before operation routinely in Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hospital.The urodynamic study was composed of non-invasive and invasive procedures.Analysis included maximal flow rate (Qmax ),average flow rate,time to Qmax ,voiding time,detrusor pressure at Qmax ,maximal detrusor pressure,voided volume,post-void residual urine volume (PVR),the total capacity of bladder,first-,strong-,and urge-desire to void,cough leak point pressure (CLPP),and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP).Patients were divided into four groups according to age,Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 214 patients were enrolled in this study.The data of Qmax ,average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased with statistical significance.The value of residual urine volume and voiding time increased without statistical significance,while the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.Conclusion:Urodynamic examination data of females with urinary incontinence changes along with the elapse of age,which was mainly observed as age ascends,and the changes in urodynamic parameters of women with urinary incontinence suggest that the value of Qmax , average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased significantly,while the value of PVR and the voiding time increased and the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose supplement on AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rats by measuring the myocardial AMPK activation and glycogen content after acute exercise training.Methods Rats were subjected to an acute endurance exercise and glucose supplement in varying doses and time points before and after exercise.The dynamic changes of myocardial AMPK activities was measured with Western blotting, changes of myocardial glycogen content were measured with Anthrone method.Results AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rat was increased significantly throughout the exercise, and remained at a higher level 1 hour after acute exercise.However the level of AMPK activity was not significantly increased in exercised rat with glucose supplement.Glycogen content was not significantly changed after exercise.Rats subjected to lower dose glucose supplement did not show significant changes in glycogen content neither.But glycogen content was significantly increased in rats at 24 hours after exercise, subjected to higher dose of glucose supplement.Conclusions 1) Acute exercise induces a significant increase in AMPK activation in myocardium of exercised rats.Glucose supplement significantly inhibites the activation of AMPK induced by acute exercise.(2) Higher dose glucose supplement significantly increases glycogen content in the rat myocardium 24 h after exercise.

Objective: In order to describe the employment status of the first group of targeted admission medical graduates, evaluate the effects of targeted admission medical education program, find out the existing problems and provide relevant policy recommendations.Methods: This study conducted follow-up survey among 305 medical graduates and 315 clinical medical graduates in four medical colleges of the central and western regions.Data analyses of the contract fulfillment, their employment status, and their participation in the standardized residency training are carried out.Results: The contract fulfillment rate of rural-oriented medical graduates is 99.3%, while the percentages of rural-oriented medical graduates and clinical medical graduates are 90.7% and 2.8%, respectively.Their average monthly incomes are respectively 2,011 and 2,774 yuan, and their proportions of participating in standardized residency training are 77.8% and 43.3% respectively.From the findings it can be seen that the employment situation of the first group of targeted admission medical graduates in four medical colleges and universities is quite good, but the policy implementation process in terms of permanent post and income is less satisfactory.However, the way how medical graduates should participate in the standardized residency training is not yet clearly regulated.This paper recommends that medical colleges and universities should well coordinate with local health administrative departments and human resources and social security departments to systematically deploy medical graduates.At the same time, full consultations should be conducted to make appropriate arrangement for medical graduates to participate in standardized residency training.

Objective: To establish a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) and study the bone microarchitecture and bone metabolism of tibial subchondral bone in early stage of OA. Methods: The mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) with anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) was established by using c57 mice. The Sham operation group served as the control group. All mice were fed with conventional diet. All mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The degeneration of knee joint was observed by HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. The number of osteoclasts was counted by TRAP staining. Micro CT was used to analyze the quantitative parameters of the microstructure of tibia subchondral bone in mice. Serum levels of bone resorption biomarker CTX I and cartilage degeneration marker CTX II were determined. Results: After ACLT 4 weeks, the average score of OARSI in ACLT group was 3.2, which was higher than that in Sham group, and the joint degeneration occurred in mice, presenting the pathological characteristics of early OA. Compared with the sham operation phase, the total subchondral bone volume (TV) of ACLT group was 4.72 mm³, increased by 13.6%; the bone trabecular resolution (Tb.Sp) was 0.130 and 0.154 mm, respectively, and the ACLT group also increased by 18.8%; the bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) was 0.470 and 0.294, respectively, and the ACLT group decreased by 48.9%; the bone trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was 0.162 and 0.083 mm groups, ACLT decreased by 37.5%. Trap staining showed that the number of osteoclasts per unit volume in ACLT group was 72, which was significantly higher than that in sham operation group. The CTX I of mice in the sham operated ACLT group and sham operated group were 20.9 ng/ml and 18.29 ng/ml, with an increase of 48.9% in the ACLT group; the CTX II of mice in the ACLT group and sham operated group were 35.5 ng/ml and 28.6 ng/ml, with an increase of 24.1% in the ACLT group. Conclusion ACLT Mouse model can successfully construct early OA, which confirms the early loss of osteochondral bone and the pathological changes of osteoclast activation in OA, and provides a new specific target for the treatment of OA.

Objective:To predict the possible targets and signaling pathways of Jiangtang Xiaoke Granules in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) using computer network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active components and targets of Jiangtang Xiaoke Granules were collected by ETCM; the targets of DM were searched from the databases of DisGeNET and GeneCards, and the intersections of the two were taken to draw a Venny diagram; String database was used for gene transformation and network interaction analysis; the network diagram was constructed with Cytoscape3.6.0; the predicted results were supported by molecular docking technology; GO and KEGG analysis was performed through Metascape database.Results:A total of 128 active components of Jiangtang Xiaoke Granules were screened, with 607 corresponding targets, 1 240 DM related targets, and 53 core targets. Molecular docking showed that the active components had good binding energy with the core targets. GO analysis yielded 46 functional items and KEGG analysis yielded 15 pathways.Conclusion:Jiangtang Xiaoke Granules regulate glucose homeostasis by participating in a variety of biological processes through multiple components, and multiple targets, including affecting lipids and atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, AMPK signaling pathway, Apelin signaling pathway, and glucagon signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for content determination of main components and its related substances in Phenzolzine capsules. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted for content determination of main components. The contents of related substance （known impurity 1， known impurity 2， total impurity） were calculated with principle component self-control method. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-2 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （55 ∶ 45， V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 223 nm， and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS： The main component phenzolzine and other impurity peaks were well separated. The liner range of phenzolzine was 20.04-60.12 μg/mL （r＝1.000 0）. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all ≤0.5％ （n＝6）. Average recovery was 97.50％ （RSD＝0.36％， n＝3）. The detection limit and quantification limit of phenzolzine were 0.91 ng and 3.04 ng. In 3 batches of samples， average value of phenzolzine， known impurity 1， known impurity 2 and total impurity were 106.68％， 0.002 1％， 0.044 0％ and 0.046 2％， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is simple， specific， sensitive and accurate for content determination of main component and related substance in Phenzolzine capsules. It is suitable for quality control of Phenzolzine capsules.

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.