BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cels and mesenchymal stem cels-derived microvesicles have been confirmed in various tissue repairs, which are expected to become more effective and safe therapy for articular cartilage repair. OBJECTIVE:To overal understand the research progress in the use of induced pluripotent stem cels and mesenchymal stem cels-derived microvesicles in articular cartilage repair. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI was performed by the first author for articles related to stem cel treatment of osteoarthritis published from 2003 to 2015. The keywords were “articular cartilage injury, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels” in English and Chinese, respectively. In the same field, articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Articular cartilage injury is stil a difficulty in the orthopedics. Many repair methods have been reported, but they al have limitations. Induced pluripotent stem cels and mesenchymal stem cels-derived microvesicles bring a new hope for patients with articular cartilage injury. However, there are stil many problems to be solved, such as extracting and purifying a large amount of cels, proliferation and differentiation potentials, and mechanism underlying cartilage repair.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects and experience of the tracheal stent implantation for the management of severe tracheal stenosis.Materials Thirteen patients with severe tracheal stenosis of various causes underwent high kilovoltage radiography and computed tomography for evaluating the site,form and extent of the stenosis including 10 at the trachea,1 at the right main bronchus and 2 at left main bronchus.The C2 catheter assisted with ultra-slipping guide wire was inserted into the trachea under fluoroscopy and then a replaced high shoring guide wire was pushed through the stenotic segment and retained the stent. Results All stents were implanted successfully with successful rate 100% together with dyspneic improvements.The mean survival time was 6.2 months for patients with malignant neoplasm.One patient with benign tracheal stenosis has been followed-up for 5 years without restenosis. Conclusions The tracheal stent implantation is an effective means for severe tracheal stenosis.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of interventional embolization for hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) associated with arteriovenous shunting (AVS), and to discuss the factors influencing the therapeutic results. Methods The clinical data of 62 cases with HCC associated with AVS , who were treated with interventional chemoembolization , were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the type and extent of AVS identified by angiographic manifestations, appropriate obstruction of the shunt and Lipiodol chemoembolization of HCC were conducted. The curative effect of the shunt embolization was assessed by DSA at one or two months after the treatment. The relevant factors influencing the prognosis of embolization were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis methods. Results Of the 62 patients, arterioportal shunting (APS) was detected in 44, hepatic arterio-venous shunting (HAVS) in 11, APS together with HAVS in 4, and hepatic artery-pulmonary artery shunting (HAPAS) in 3. Re-examination with DSA was carried out in 53 patients at 1 - 2 months after the treatment , which showed that the shunting disappeared in 18 cases, obvious reduction of the shunt flow was seen in 19 cases, the lesion remained stable in 9 cases and the disease became worse in 7 cases. Univariate analysis indicated that the kind of embolic material and the presence of tumor thrombus could affect the obstructive result of the shunt , while multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that portal tumoral thrombus was an independent risk factor. The embolization effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and Lipiodol-ethanol mixture, used as the embolic agents, was better than that of gelatin sponge particles. Conclusion To ensure a successful interventional chemoembolization for HCC combined with AVS the procedure should be individualized according to the type and extent of the arteriovenous shunting. The type of embolic materials used for embolization can affect the results to a certain degree.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the technical feasibility of animal model of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH)with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE).MethodsTwenty experimental pigs were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (each n= 10).Experimental group:A 5F Cobra catheter was inserted into left femoral artery,and the feeding arteries of femoral head were superselectively inserted.The feeding arteries were embolismed through transcatheter arterial injecting the segments of silk measuring about 500μm.Control group:The arterial embolization was not performed,and the other treatment was identical to experimental group.The articulation of hip in all pigs underwent plain X-ray examination,CT and MR scanning 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment,respectively.Histological examination was made in 4 weeks to evaluate volume of bone trabecula (TBV) and percentage of bone lacuna (PBL) at unit area under microscope.The data were compared between the two groups.Results In experimental group,CT and MRI showed swolling in hip soft tissue and high T1 in hip joint cavity,while no obvious abnormalities were found in plain X-ray film 2 weeks after feeding arteries were embolized.Four weeks after feeding arteries embolization,plain X-ray film,CT and MR showed typical necrosis of femoral head in the experimental group,while no obvious abnormalities were found in control group.The histology examination revealed there were obvious karyopyknosis and anachromasis in the bone cells.The quantity of bone cells decreased obviously or disappeared.PBL increased and TBV decreased significantly compared with those of control group (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe animal model of ANFH in pigs can be induced by TAE.It can preferably mimic the pathological situation of ANFH.

Objective:To explore the effect of feedback health education combined with positive psychological suggestion on the rehabilitation of patients undergoing artificial total knee arthroplasty.Methods:From August 2020 to July 2021, the convenient sampling method was used to select 126 patients with artificial total knee arthroplasty admitted to the Orthopedic Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. They were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group in a 1∶1 ratio using a random number table method. The control group received routine health education combined with positive psychological suggestion, while the observation group received feedback based health education combined with positive psychological suggestion intervention. The level of knowledge, attitude and practice, scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Knee Society (AKS) score, knee swelling rate and nursing satisfaction were compared between two groups of patients.Results:The knowledge, attitude and practice scores of the two groups at discharge were higher than those at admission ( P<0.05), and the knowledge, attitude and practice scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at discharge ( P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group before and on the third day after surgery ( P<0.05). The VAS of the observation group on the first day and 2 weeks after surgery were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05), while AKS was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The postoperative swelling rates in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 1 week and 3 months after surgery ( P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction scores of the observation group in terms of health education, service attitude, department environment, psychological intervention, and nursing outcomes were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Feedback health education combined with positive psychological cues can improve the knowledge, attitude and practice levels of patients undergoing artificial total knee arthroplasty, reduce anxiety and depression, and improve rehabilitation effectiveness and nursing satisfaction.