Objective To assess the vitro susceptibility to 6 antimicrobial agents and genotypes of clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) from Guangzhou region. Methods Ct was isolated from clinical specimens by using McCoy cell culture and subjected to propagation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6 antimicrobial agents (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ofloxacin) against Ct isolates were determined in McCoy cell culture. Nested PCR was performed to amplify the outer membrane protein 1 (omp1) VS1-2 gene followed by sequencing. Results Seventy-six Ct strains were isolated from 346 urogenital specimens, and 40 strains met the require ments for susceptibility testing after serial propagation. The MIC50/MIC90 of clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxi thromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline and ofloxacin were as follows: 0.008/0.032, 0.080/0.160, 0.125/0.500, 0.032/0.064, 0.250/0.500 and 0.500/1.000 mg/L. Seven genotypes were observed. The most prevalent geno types in decreasing order were E (14, 35%), J (10, 25%)and F (6, 15%). The MIC50 was consistent for azithromycin among the 7 genotypes, but varied by 1 - 4 folds for doxycycline, ofloxacin and roxithromycin. Conclusions Clarithromycin, doxycycline and azithromycin exhibit an excellent activity against Ct, and the activity of azithromycin is consistent among the 7 genotypes of Ct.

Objective To develop a PCR-mverse dot blot hybridization(RDB)assay to rapidly detect pathogenic mycoplasmas in genitourinary tract.Methods Universal primers were designed and applied to amplify the 16S rRNA gone of ureaplasma parvum(Up),ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),Mycoplasma genitalium(Mg),Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)by using nestcd PCR.Specific nucleotide probes of Up,Uu,Mg and Mh Were constructed and immobilized onto nylon membranes.PCR products were denatured and hybridized、with specific oligonucleofide probes on nylon membrane.The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-RDB assay were evaluated based.on the hybddizafion results.Also,PCR-RDB Was utilized to detect pathogenic mycoplasmas from 60 clinical samples.Results The four probes selectively hybridized with the PCR product of corresponding mycoplasmas,and no cross hybridization was observed.The detection limit of PCR-RDB Was one colony forming unit(CFU)of mycoplasma.Out of the 60 clinical samples、19were positive for mycoplasm,Mixed infections were found in three samples,including two coinfected with Up and Uu and one with Uu and Mg.Conclusion PCR-RDB is a rapid,specific and sensitive approach to the identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas in urogenital tract.

Spinal muscular atrophy is one rare type of autosomal recessive disorder. The disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons and brainstem motor nuclei, which leads to muscle atrophy and paralysis. One case of spinal muscular atrophy with open bite was reported here.
Humans ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Open Bite

Objective To develop a nested PCR for the detection of early syphilis and genotyping of Treponema pallidum (TP), and to investigate the distribution of genotypes of TP in Guangzhou. Methods Specimens were consecutively collected from genital ulcers of patients with suspected chancre during 2002-2004, and were detected by dark-field microscopy and nested PCR. The acidic repeat protein (arp) gene and the T. pallidum repeat (tpr) gene family were amplified with the positive specimens above. The number of repeats presented in the arp gene and the restriction fragment length polymorphism by Mse I in the tpr gene were analyzed by electrophoresis. The strains were genotyped according to Pillay's criteria. Results Out of 62 patients with suspected chancre, 33 cases (53.2%) were positive by dark-field microscopy and 54 cases (87.1%) by nested PCR. Of 47 TP-positive specimens genotyped by arp gene, 36 (76.6%) were type 14, while of 49 cases genotyped by tpr gene 39 (79.6%) were type d. By combining genotypes of arp and tpr genes, 7 genotypes were found, including 14d (31, 66.0%), 13d (5, 10.6%), 14b (4, 8.5%), 12b (3, 6.4%), 12d (2, 4.3%), 15d(l, 2.2%) and 14i (1, 2.2%). Conclusions Nested PCR shows a high sensitivity in early detection of TP. Genotype 14d seems the predominant type of TP in Guangzhou.

Water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared from dried shrimp shells. The intrinsic viscosities of its samples were measured to evaluate the stability of carboxymethyl chitosan. The influential factors of stability, such as heat, pH, ionic strength, ultraviolet radiation, and sterilization were studied. The results demonstrate that the intrinsic viscosities of water-soluble chitosan will be influenced, to a certain extent, by the change of pH and ionic strength. Ultraviolet radiation and sterilized processes not only exept influence on the degradation of chitosan, but also have prominent effects on the molecular structure of it. Besides, temperature will also affect the speed of degradation, and chitosan can be stored at a temperature as low as 2 degrees C-8 degrees C.
Chitosan ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solubility ; Temperature

We revealed the feature pathways by computing the classification error rates of out-of-bag (OOB) by random forests combined with pathway analysis. At each feature pathway, the relativity of gene expression was studied and the co-regulated gene patterns under different experiment conditions were analyzed by MAP (Mining attribute profile) algorithm. The discovered patterns were also clustered by the average-linkage hierarchical clustering technique. The results showed that the expression of genes at the same pathway was similar. The co-regulated patterns were found in two feature pathways of which one contained 108 patterns and the other contained 1 pattern. The results of clusters showed that the smallest Pearson coefficient of the clusters was more than 0.623, indicating that the co-regulated patterns in different experiment conditions were more similar at the same KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway. The methods can provide biological insight into the study of microarray data.
Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods

Objective To analyze the cancergene expression profile data using multi-support vector machine recursive feature elimination algorithm (MSVM-RFE) and calculate the genetic ranking score to obtain the optimal feature gene subset. Methods Gene expression profiles of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer were downloaded from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database.The differentially expressed genes were obtained by differential expression analysis. The differential gene expressions were sequenced by MSVM-RFE algorithm and the average test errors of each gene subset were calculated. Then the optimal gene subsetsof four kinds of cancer were obtained according to the minimum average test errors. Based on the datasets of four kinds of cancer characteristic genes before and after screening, linear SVM classifiers were constructed and the classification efficiencies of the optimal feature gene subsets were verified. Results Using the optimal feature gene subsetobtained by MSVM-RFE algorithm, the classification accuracy was improved from (96.77±1.28)％to (99.85±0.46)％for the bladder cancer data, improved from (83.77±4.93)％to (88.30±3.85)％for the breast cancer data, and improved from (72.69±2.41)％to (90.21±3.31)％for the lung cancer data.Besides, theoptimal feature gene subsetkept the classification accuracy of colon cancer classifierat a high level (>99.5％). Conclusions The feature gene extraction based on MSVM-RFE algorithm can improve the classification efficiency of cancer.

Objective To Observe and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for patients with tracheotomy using ventilator lengthening tube. Methods 75 patients with tracheotomy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the study group (n = 38 cases) and the control group (n = 37 cases) according to the random number method. The control group used conventional oxygen inhalation while the study group used the ventilator tube after prolonged special oxygen hyperbaric oxygen pipe three (built-in ventilation pipe check valve) and bellows connecting an oxygen supply device, compared two groups of patients with oxygen inhalation methods suction phlegm oxygen concentration times and cabin, every time when treating. Results The rate of oxygen inhalation in the study group was 97. 37％ (37/38) higher than that of the control group (81. 08％ (30/37)), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). The number of sputum sucking in the study group was (1. 02 ± 0. 36) times less than that of the control group (2. 32 ± 0. 53), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). The total time of hospitalization in the study group was (16. 4 ± 2. 4) d, and the total time of hospitalization in the control group was (21. 7 ± 3. 2) d, the difference was statistically significant(WTBX〗P＜0. 05). The score of GCS in the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 01). Conclusion The ventilator extension tube for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with tracheotomy improves the oxygen concentration, ensures the curative effect, reduces the oxygen concentration in the cabin and reduces security risks; the operation method is safe, simple and practical and convenient for clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo determine the genotype of a family affected with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and to provide genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSTo determine the genotypes and mutational sites through PCR and sequencing for all exons and exon-intron junctions of 4 OCA genes in the proband and the P gene of her parents. Prenatal genotyping of the fetus was carried out using amniocentesis sample.

RESULTSThe patient was diagnosed with OCA2 based on a genotype of c.1327G>A/c.2360C>T. Her father was heterozygous for c.2360C> T, whilst her mother has none of the two mutations. c.1327G>A is therefore a maternal de novo mutation. Neither of the mutations was found in the fetus.

CONCLUSIONA maternally inherited de novo mutation c.1327G>A has been identified in the patient. In order to detect de novo mutations, full sequence analysis is necessary.

Adult ; Albinism, Oculocutaneous ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo provide prenatal diagnosis for two families affected with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), in both of which only 1 pathogenic allele has been identified.

METHODSTo determine the clinical classification of OCA through DNA sequencing for TYR, P, TYRP1 and SLC45A2 genes in combination with phenotype analysis. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out by direct sequencing and intragenic SNPs family-based linkage analysis.

RESULTSIn the first family, only 1 heterozygous mutation c.1255C>T was found in the proband, which was inherited from her mother. Together with its clinical phenotype, the proband was suspected to have OCA2 Screening of amniotic fluid, however, has found no mutation. With family-based linkage analysis, the fetus was deemed to be an OCA2 carrier. In the second family, again only one heterozygous mutation c.1920_1949 del30bp and ins AACA was found in the proband, which was inherited from her father. Together with its clinical phenotype, the proband was suspected to have OCA2. Screening of amniotic fluid has revealed a heterozygous mutation c.1920_1949 del30bp and ins AACA. By family-based linkage analysis, the fetus was deemed to be an OCA2 carrier. Both fetuses had a normal phenotype at birth.

CONCLUSIONPrenatal genetic diagnosis has been provided for the first time for two families affected with OCA, in which only 1 pathogenic mutant allele was detected. The combined mutation detection and SNPs linkage analysis has turned out to be successful.

Albinism, Oculocutaneous ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prenatal Diagnosis