Objective To investigate the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with HLA- DR?1*04 subtypes.Methods One hundred and thirty-six RA patients and 79 patients with other rheumatic diseases were recruited in this study.HLA typing was performed using high-resolution PCR-SSP DNA techniques.The clinical features and serologic markers between different motifs were analyzed.Results Compared with other rheumatic diseases,the frequency of HLA-DR?1*04 alleles in RA patients was significantly increased(33.8% vs 12.7%)(OR=3.52,95%CI=1.43~5.43,P

Objective To investigate the changes of morphology of injured nerve after pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) on rats. Methods 55 male Wistar rats were selected, in which 5 were allocated to control group (group C) and the other 50 were randomly divided into group PRF (n=25) and group RFTC (n=25). The specimens were analyzed both with light microscopy and electron microscopy at immediate, and 1, 7, 14 and 28 d after operation. Results In group PRF, the nerve function of rats maintained after operation. The edema among nerve fibers was found under light microscope, while myelin lamellar structure disorder and myelin balls shaped, and compensatory hyperplasia of ultrastructure under electron microscopic level. Those effects were more pronounced 1 d after operation. In group RFTC, the nerve function of rats disappeared and autophagy behaviors happened, meanwhile Waller's degeneration and nerve regeneration appeared under both light microscopy and electron microscopy. Conclusion PRF and RFTC can produce destruction of nerve, but PRF was minor and recoverable.

Objective To investigate the changes in cerebral hemodynamics in different body positions in healthy volunteers.Methods Sixty right-handed healthy male volunteers,aged 22-26,height 167-178 cm,weighing 51-67 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =15 each): 15 degrees head-down tilt group (group Ⅰ ),30 degrees head-down tilt group (group Ⅱ ),15 degrees head-up tilt group (group Ⅲ) and 30 degrees head-up tilt group (group Ⅳ ).Blood flow signals of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) were detected by transcranial Doppler and systolic blood flow velocity (Vs),diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd ),mean blood flow velocity (Vm),pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were recorded at supine position (baseline),immediately,10 and 30 min after body position change(T1-3 ).Lindegaard index was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline,in group [Ⅱ Lindegaard index was increased at T2,while Vs and Vm of MCA were decreased at T2,3,in group Ⅳ Vs of MCA and PI of EICA at T2,Vd and Vm of MCA at T2,3 were decreased ( P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the variables mentioned above in the other two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion In healthy adults,cerebral blood flow velocity decreases in 30 degrees headdown and head-up tilt positions,however there is no change in cerebral blood flow velocity in 15 degrees headdown and head-up tilt positions.

BACKGROUND:Absorbable colagen membrane can be theoreticaly applied to secondary alveolar bone grafting in alveolar cleft surgery, which can improve the bone preservation and slow bone resorption. However, there is stil no unified conclusion.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of absorbable colagen membrane for secondary alveolar bone grafting viaa systematic review.
METHODS:MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM and CAJD were searched for eligible articles addressing clinical randomized controled or controled trials of absorbable colagen membrane for secondary alveolar bone grafting. Test group received bone grafting with absorbable colagen membrane and control group only received bone grafting. Meta-analysis on the clinical success rate of bone grafting and incidence of complications in the recipient region was delivered with Revman 5.3.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Five clinical trials, involving 416 cleft sites and 387 participants, were included. Two had high risk of bias and the rest had unclear risk of bias. If “the height of new bone is≥ 50% of alveolar height” was adopted as clinical success, the clinical success rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.002, relative risk value=1.33, 95% confidence interval [1.11, 1.60]). If “the height of new bone is≥ 75% of alveolar height” was chosen as clinical success, the clinical success rate of the test group was higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.06, relative risk value=1.40, 95% confidence interval [0.99, 1.99]). For safety, the use of absorbable colagen membrane could not increase the complications incidence (P=0.35, relative risk value=0.66, 95% confidence interval [0.28, 1.58]). So, the use of absorbable colagen membrane is safe to improve the clinical success rate of secondary alveolar bone grafting in alveolar cleft surgery. More randomized controled trials should be considered to reinforce the conclusion.

Objective To investigate the effect of a novel lymphotoxin with selectively binding to p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor (p55TNFR) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats in order to explore the mechanism.Methods A total of 40 SD rats were randomly (random number) assigned into four groups (n =10 in each),namely sham operation group (group A),I/R group (group B),wild type rhLTα treatment group (group C),and p55TNFR selective rhLTα (rhLTα-Q107E) treatment group (group D).After I/R model rats were established,various therapeutic agents or saline were given by continuous intravenous infusion for 24 h via a micropump.After 24 hours of treatment,serum myocardial zymogram,such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK),as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined.Myocardial infarction size (MIS) was measured by nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) staining.Results Compared to sham operation group,MIS,AST,LDH,CK,MDA were increased,while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased.However,all the effects were significantly reversed by treatment with rhLTα-Q107E (P ＜ 0.05) but not rhLTα (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The rhLTα-Q107E plays a role in the protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by the mechanism of scavenging oxygen free radicals and increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant system.

BACKGROUND:There are numerous clinical studies on comparing absorbable internal fixation system and titanium metal internal fixation system in maxilofacial fractures; however, the systematic reviews and Meta-analysis in this field are rare. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effect of absorbable internal fixation system and titanium internal fixation system in maxilofacial fractures through systematic review and Meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The randomized controled trials and controled clinical trials regarding the application of absorbable internal fixation system and titanium internal fixation system in maxilofacial fractures were electronicaly retrieved from Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controled Trials, China Biology Medicine disc, and China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database using the keywords. Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Thirteen clinical studies were included, and totaly 1 718 patients were involved. The Meta-analysis results showed that the removal rate of implants in the absorbable internal fixation system group was significantly lower than that in the titanium internal fixation group (P=0.000 2); there were no significant differences in the healing rate of fracture I stage, the incidence of insufficient fixation in fracture site and the incidence of long-term complications between these two groups. These results demonstrate that the efficiency and safety of absorbable internal fixation system in maxillofacial fracture is satisfactory, and can reduce the proportion of secondary surgical removal of the implant. More randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm this conclusion.

Objective To explore the expression and function of galanin and its receptor in the female mice of anxiety-and depression-like behavior.Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of galanin,GalR1,GalR2 and GalR3 in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J female mice.A total of thirty female mice was divided into two groups:experiment group (n=15) and control group (n=15).The experiment group was subjected to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for four weeks,and the control group was not subjected to any treatment.Four weeks later,a series of tests were performed on those two groups,including the sucrose preference test,the novel object recognition test,the open field test and suspension tail test.After behavior tests,the hippocampus RNA was extracted from eight mice in each group to test the expression of galanin and its receptor through qPCR.The rest part of mice were used to mark C-Fos immunostaining in the dentate gyms (DG) of hippocampus.Results The result of in situ hybridization showed that galanin,GalR1 and GalR2 distributed in the Hillus of ventral hippocamous,GalR3 had no positive signal.In the sucrose preference test,the experiment group drunk less sucrose when compared with the control group (P＜0.05).In the novel object recognition test,the experiment group contacted shorter time to the novel object when compared with the control group (P＜0.05).In the open field test,the experiment group had shorter in session time when compared with the control group (P＜0.05).In the suspension tail test,the experiment group had longer immobility time when compared with the control group (P＜0.05).The qPCR result showed that the higher expression of galanin and GalR1 in the hippocampus of experiment group (P＜0.05).More C-Fos positive cells in the DG of hippocampus of experiment mice were immunostained (P＜0.05).Conclusions Galanin,GalR1 and GalR2 mainly distribute in the Hillus of the ventral hippocampus.Galanin may be involved in the anxiety-and depression-like behavior of C57BL/6J through GalR1.

Objective To explore the significance of RPR te st and Tp -IgM-Capture -ELISA in fol-lowing-up of early syphilis.Methods Sixty-one cases of primary syphilis with less than one-year course and 77cases of secondary syphilis were enr olled into the study.The patients we re followed up by RPR test and Tp -IgM-Capture -ELISAat intervals of three months for two years after treatment .Results By the end of 3,6,9,12,15,18,21and 24months,RPRtest became negative in 6.2%,31.5%,61.5%,83.8%,90.7%,92.3%,94.6%,and95.3%of patients,respectively.By the end of 3,6,9,12and 15months,Tp -IgM-Capture -ELISA became negative in 25.4%,56.5%,86.2%,97.1%and 100.0%of patients,respectiv ely.In primary syphilis the RPR test became nonreactive in 8.2%(3months after treatment ),31.1%(6months),57.4%(9months),75.4%(12months),83.6%(15months),85.2%(18months),and 100.0%(21months)of patients,and Tp -IgM-Cap-ture -ELISA in 45.9%(3months),85.2%(6months),98.4%(9months),100.0%(12months)of patients.In secondary syphilis RPRtest became n onreactive in 2.6%(3months after treatment ),28.6%(6months),58.4%(9months),81.8%(12months),84.4%(15months),88.3%(18months),90.9%(21months)and 92.2%(24months)of patients,and Tp -IgM-Capture -ELISAin 9.1%(3months),33.8%(6months),71.4%(9months),94.8%(12months)and 100.0%(15months)of patients.Tp -IgM-Capture -ELISA was found to be negative earlier than that of RPR test in all ca ses.No sero-resistant was shown in T p -IgM-Capture -ELISA.Conclusions Tp -IgM turns to negative in 12months after treatment for nearly all patie nts with early syphilis.Tp -IgM-Cap-ture -ELISA may be served as a useful t ool to follow up early syphilis patie nts after treatment.[

Objective To explore the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex (S_Ⅰ) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S_Ⅱ) undermild and moderate pain. Methods 7 healthy right-handed volunteers accepted electrostimulation of 1 and 2 times pain threshold respectively.The severity of pain was determined with the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and they received functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) simultaneously. Results 1 and 2 times pain threshold electrical stimulation caused mild and moderate pain respectively. Bothmild and moderate pain activated contralateral S_Ⅰ similarly, and bilateral S_Ⅱ with pain intensity. Conclusion S_Ⅰ and S_Ⅱ respond to the mildand moderate pain in different ways.

Objective To study the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma in the prehospital first-aid in megapolis. Methods The epidemiologic data of 10 654 traumatic patients,including treated by prehospital treatment and emergency treatment from January 2000 to January 2005,were analyzed.Results The proportion of male was 70.96%,adult patients(21～50 years old)79.23%,suburb 62.86%,downtown 37.14%.The patients whose ISS scores surpassed 16 accounted for 37.98%,which caused by traffic accident was 37.74%,by public order 24.39%,by industrial trauma 21.71%.The trauma in the limbs accounted for 67.51%,cephalic and cervical wounds accounted for 58.64%,multiple wounds 41.77%,thoracic and abdominal wounds 39.41%.Three hundred and sixty one were killed on the spot,which caused by traffic accident were 46.81%,by public order 28.81%,by industrial trauma 14.40%.Forty-two percent point six six patients died of multiple trauma,54.07% died of cephalic and cervical trauma,15.79% died of thoracic and abdominal wounds.Conclusion Suburban area gradually became the frequently-occurred areas of trauma in megapolis. The wounded were mainly young adults and had a tendency of juvenility.The majority of damaging and lethal factors were traffic accident,public order and industrial trauma.Some pertinet measures and professional first-aid models may improve the traumatic first-aid level.