Objective:To investigate the effect of perioperative intervention based on theory of planned behavior on postoperative complications and quality of life of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:Taking the implementation time of perioperative intervention based on theory of planned behavior (July 2018) in the hospital as the cut-off point, 60 patients with common bile duct stones who needed ERCP combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy from December 2017 to June 2018 were selected as the control group and they were given routine nursing intervention. And 60 patients with common bile duct stones requiring ERCP combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy from July 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled as the observation group and they adopted perioperative intervention based on theory of planned behavior. The perioperative rehabilitation indicators, degree of pain at 24 hours after surgery [Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) ] , the psychological state [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) , Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) ] , healthy behaviors [Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ) ] , health literacy [Chinese Citizens' Health Literacy Questionnaire] and quality of life [Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, GIQLI] before intervention and at discharge were compared between the two groups. The occurrence of complications was compared.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The postoperative ventilation time of the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . At 24 hours after operation, there was no statistically significant difference in the SF-MPQ-2 scores between the two groups ( P>0.05) . At discharge, the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group and the same group before the intervention, while the HPLP-Ⅱ score, health literacy and GIQLI score were higher than those of the control group and the same group before the intervention ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Perioperative intervention based on the theory of planned behavior can promote the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing ERCP combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and improve their psychological state, health literacy and behavior and quality of life.