Objective To discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of stage Ⅲ osteosarcoma. Methods A retrospective analysis of 23 patients with stage Ⅲ osteosarcoma of extremities from December 1989 to December 2003 was studied. There were 9 females and 14 males, aging from 16 to 31 years with a mean of 22.4 years. 15 patients presented with lung metastases, 7 with bone metastases (including 5 of jumping metastases and 2 of osteosarcomas) and 1 with lung and bone metastases simultaneously. Patients received chemotherapy followed by resection of primary and metastatic lesions and additional chemotherapy. Results After preoperative chemotherapy, lung metastases disappeared in 1 patient, whereas in 1 with lung and bone metastases simultaneously, the lesion remained surgically unresectable because of new metastases after removal of the primary lesion. In 2 patients with osteosarcoma, primary lesion could only be removed, lung metastasis appeared in 2 of 5 patients with jumping metastases respectively after the removal of primary lesion and jumping metastases. 16 patients with lung metastases received thoracotomy and resection of the lung metastatic lesions, and 6 of them received a second thoracotomy because of a second lung metastasis inclunding 3 cases with extra-pulmonary metastases without any additional treatment. The tumor necrosis rate was not found obviously different between primary lesions and metastatic lesions. Of the 23 patients who achieved a mean 74.6 months follow-up (range, 5-168 months), 9 remained continuously free of disease, 4 relapsed with new metastases, and 10 died of tumors. The outcome of the Cox model proportional hazard regression showed the relation of the number of the metastases and the prognosis were significant(P

Objective To investigate technique and clinical effect of total en bloc spondylectomy for thoracic and lumbar chondrosarcoma.Methods From January 2010 to March 2012,6 patients with thoracic or lumbar chondrosarcoma underwent total en bloc spondylectomy.There were 4 males and 2 females,aged from 25 to 54 years (average,38 years).The tumor ranged from T3 to L3; 1 located in T3 and T4,1 in T7,1in T11,1 in L1,1 in L2 and 1 in L3.According to Tomita surgical classification system,there was 1 case of type 2,1 case of type 4,3 cases of type 5 and 1 case of type 6.One patient underwent tumor resection through single posterior approach,while the other 5 patients underwent anterior dissection and posterior resection of tumor.All spines were reconstructed by posterior fixation with pedicle screws and anterior interbody fusion with titanium mesh cages or artificial vertebrae.Results The average amount of blood loss was 3200 ml (range,2100 to 6300 ml).The duration of operation ranged from 3.5 to 12 hours (average,5.5hours).Two patients obtained wide resection,3 obtained marginal resection,and 1 had intralesional margin.The complications included 2 cases of cerebrospinal leak,1 case of pleural effusion and 1 case of pulmonary infection.There was no wound infection and death during peroperative period.All patients were followed up for 6 to 32 months (average,19 months).The neurological function improved from preoperative Frankel C to postoperative Frankel E in 2 cases.All patients obtained bone union 6 to 12 months (average,8 months) after operation.At final follow-up,all patients could walk without aid,and there was no recurrence.Conclusion The total en bloc spondylectomy is an effective method for thoracolumbar chondrosarcoma,which could provide a satisfied tumor control and neurological function improvement.

Objective To investigate technique and indications of proximal femoral autograft for pelvic reconstruction after tumor resection.Methods Between October 2006 and May 2011,5 patients with primary malignant pelvic tumor underwent tumor resection,pelvic reconstruction by proximal femoral autograft,and hip reconstruction by tumor prosthesis.There were 3 males and 2 females,aged from 19 to 55years (average,30.6 years).There were 3 cases of chondrosarcoma and 2 cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).The tumor involved zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ in 3 cases,and zone Ⅱ and zone Ⅲ in other 2cases.All 5 patients were followed up,and complications,MSTS (Musculoskeletal Tumour Society) score and prognosis were recorded.Results At final follow-up,one patient died of pulmonary metastasis,one patient survived with local recurrence,and other 3 patients survived without recurrence.The complications consisted of local recurrence,prosthesis loosening,nonunion,infection,and sciatic nerve palsy.One patient underwent revision surgery for prosthesis loosening 26 months after the initial operation.One patient underwent amputation for local recurrence 6 months after the initial operation.The average MSTS score was 19.2.Conclusion Proximal femoral autograft is an effective method for pelvic reconstruction after tumor resection,which can be used for defect in zone Ⅱ and zone Ⅲ,as well as in zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ.However,the method has a high rate of complications.The short-term result is similar to that of pelvic prosthesis,while the long-term result needs further observation.

Objective To screen possible factors affecting prognosis of chondrosarcoma.Methods A total of 37 patients with chondrosarcoma,who had undergone surgical treatment from December 2005 to March 2008 in our hospital and had complete follow-up data and definitive pathological diagnosis,were enrolled in this retrospective study.There were 16 males and 21 females,ageing from eleven to eighty-four years (average,42.8 years).The univariate analysis of survival rate was performed with Kaplan-Meier method and tested with the Log-rank test.Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were used to analyze numeration data,and then the significant indexes after univariate analysis were performed multivariate analysis with COX regression model to screen the independent factors affecting prognosis.On the basis of literatures,8factors including gender,age,duration of disease,tumor site,Enneking stage,surgical approach,distant metastasis and local recurrence were analyzed.Results Statistical significance was found in Enneking stage,surgical approach and distant metastasis,which indicated that they were related to survival rate 3years after surgery.However,gender,age,duration of disease,tumor site,and local recurrence had no significant correlation with prognosis.After multivariate analysis of Enneking stage,surgical approach,distant metastasis,the results showed that Enneking stage and surgical procedure were the independent prognostic factors,while distant metastasis was not an independent prognostic factor.Conclusion Enneking stage and surgical approach are the independent prognostic factors for chondrosarcoma,which can be used to evaluate prognosis of chondrosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of subtrochanteric osteotomy plus dynamic hip/condyle screw (DHS/DCS)fixation to treat the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara.Methods Twenty-six clinical cases of femoral fibrous dysplasia with coxa vara were retrospectively analysed from April 2001 to May 2010.There were 9 males and 17 females,with a median age of 19(10 to 53).Forteen patients presented with monostotic disease,and 12 with polyostotic disease.The length of the lesion for polyostotic disease was from 9 cm to 36 cm,while for monostotic disease was from 7 cm to 15 cm.Seventeen cases were merged with pathologic fracture.The neck shaft angles were from 65 to 110 degree preoperation.The shortage of limbs was from 1.5 cm to 4.5 cm.Twenty-one patients involved in femoral neck were fixed with DHS and the other 5 cases with DCS.Results The duration of operation was from 80 to 170 min.The amout of bleeding was from 280 to 1650 ml with the average of 960 ml.The average postoperative neck shaft angles were 127 degree(119 to 140).The shortened limbs were extended 2.3 cm for average (1.5 to 3.6 cm).The follow-up time was from 9 to 118 months with the average of 39 months.All patients with osteotomy were healed.The neck shaft angle of 1 case decreased from post-operative 126°to 115°56months post-operatively,no coxa adducta recurrented and all internal fixations were in position.Hip screw backed out through the barrel in one case with the shortage of femoral neck.One case had femoral fracture after an injury.According to Guille function standard,24 cases were regarded as satisfied and 2 cases as unsatisfied.Conclusion Subtroehanteric osteotomy plus DHS/DCS fixation can effectively correct the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara,and significantly improve the function.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutics of the juxtaarticular bone cyst in the acetabulum. Methods Between August 1990 to April 2009, nineteen cases of clinical data of the juxta-articular bone cyst in the acetabulum data were collected from hospital records and analyzed retrospectively. There were 11 males and 8 females, with an average age of 42.3 years (range, 18-59). Seventeen patients felt an aching pain in the hip. The duration of symptoms was from 2 months to 20years with the median 15 months. All the radiographs showed a well-demarcated oval or circular radiolucent defect, close to subchondral bone, and outlined by a thin rim of sclerotic bone. Five cases accompanied with developmental dysplasia of the hip. After curettage of the bone cyst, 14 patients received iliac crest autogenous bone grafts, 3 patients received xenoma spongy bone-graft particles, and 2 patients received artificial bone grafts. Results Fourteen patients were precisely diagnosed as bone cyst by radiograph, and 4 patients were diagnosed by CT and MRI. The major axes of the focus were 2-4 cm in 16 patients, and 4-8 cm in 3patients. The sizes of the focus had no relationship with the symptoms and the course of the disease. Seventeen cases of the focus were located at the anterior superior of the bearing surface of the acetabulum. All patients were successfully followed up from 11 months to 13 years, averaged 6.2 years, and no relapses occurred during the follow-up period in every case. Fourteen patients felt asymptomatic, 3 patients felt uncomfortable in hip occasionally, and 2 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip felt ameliorated in the initial stage of the therapy, followed by aggravation accompanying the hip joint space narrow. Conclusion Bone graft after thorough curettage of the capsular space was an effective therapy for the juxta-articular bone cyst in the acetabulum, and the anatomic distribution of radiological lesions indicated that the stress concentration maybe the etiological factor of the bone cyst.

Objective To explore the short?term functional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by re?verse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion. Methods 8 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor resection between January 2013 and December 2014. 5 were female and 3 were male, mean aged was 38 years old (25-61). 2 chon?drosarcomas and 6 giant cell tumors. Enneking stageing of 2 cases with chondrosarcoma were stageⅠB and stageⅡB. 6 giant cell tumors were Campanacci stage 3, meanwhile 3 cases had pathological fractures. The deltoid and axillary nerve were intact in all patients by image analysis before the operation. The proximal humerus was resected according to Malawer typeⅠresection. Then reverse shoulder arthroplasty reconstruction and bone graft was performed. The follow?up was scheduled, and the patient received X?ray examination of the shoulder. The range of motion of the shoulder was measured, the Constant?Murley score and musculoskel?etal tumor society(MSTS) score was recorded. Results The mean duration of the operation was 2.7 h (2-3.5 h). The bleeding in the operation was 510 ml (300-850 ml). The mean length of humerus resection was 8 cm (6-10 cm). The allografts were used in 7 cases and reimplantation after tumor bone deactivation was used in one. The latissimus dorsi transfer were performed in 2 cases. The rotator cuff were resected 1-1.5 cm from the great and lesser tubercles. The follow?up was 13 months (3-26 months). No infec?tion, dislocation, or loosening of prosthesis was found by the last follow?up. The X?ray showed the case who received reimplanta?tion after tumor bone deactivation had achieved bone union 1 year postoperation,7 cases received allograft had still nonunion at the host?graft junction. Bone resorption were found in all cases in different extent but the prosthesis were stable. No local recur?rence of the tumor was found. At last follow?up, active abduction was 155° (100°-175° ) and active forward elevation was 150° (115°-170°) and Constant?Murley score was 76%(68%-87%). The MSTS score was 92%(87%-97%). Conclusion The func?tional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion was satisfied in early period. The reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used in younger patient, but long?term results need further study.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective: To explore the revision strategy of the malunited tibial plateau fracture and to analysis the main points of four common revision operations and the clinical effect. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2016, 18 patients (5 males and 13 females) aged 35-60 years (average 49.7 years) underwent tibial plateau revision surgery in our hospital were collected. The time from the second revision operation to the first operation was 2-24 months (average 10.4 months). Our revision strategies were as follows: Firstly, to determine whether there is an infection or not. If there was infection, we changed the original internal fixation to external fixator to control infection. Secondly, todetermine whether the patient could suffer re-reduction and internal fixation. If the patient was older (>65 years old) or with severe local bone defect, total knee arthroplasty should be performed. Thirdly, patients were divided into four operation modes according to the tibial plateau fracture malunion type: 1. the original fracture line osteotomy; 2. the tibial tubercle + original fracture line osteotomy; 3. tibial metaphyseal window-rod reduction; 4. the osteotomy of fibula head and original fracture line osteotomy. Results: All patients were followed up for 12-30 months (average 16.8 months), and the operation time was 120-300 min (average 185 min). 2 cases were infected before operation and the original internal fixation were removed to instead of external fixator;1 patient underwent total knee arthroplasty; 3 cases were treated with metaphyseal open window-rod reduction and internal fixation; 6 cases were operated with the original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 4 cases were treated with tibial tubercle osteotomy+original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation; 2 patients underwent fibular head osteotomy+ original fracture line osteotomy and internal fixation. All patients achieved bony union at the last follow-up. The healing time was 3-6 months (mean 3.6 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 19-29 (average 22.9), compared with average 14.4 points before operation (t=-10.169, P=0.001). The postoperative range of motion of knee joint was 60-110 degrees (mean 94.5 degrees), compared with average 55 degrees before operation (t=-5.773, P=0.001). The post-operative VAS pain score was average 1.1 points, compared with average 4.2 points before operation (t=8.960, P=0.001). Fracture reduction was excellent in 12 cases and good in 5 cases, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. 3 patients still had 2mm collapse on the articular surface, while 3 patients still had mild valgus (less than 5 degrees). There were 2 cases of superficial infection of the wound surface after operation. Conclusion It was difficult to revise the malunion of tibial plateau fracture and it was necessary to make a detailed operation plan before the operation. Satisfactory clinical effects could be obtained for the patients by correct revision strategy. The key to success was the proper revision strategy which was adopted according to the different characteristics of the tibial plateau fracture malunion of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the induced membrane technique (Masquelet technique) used for restoration of long bone defects of infected tibia.Methods This retrospective study evaluated 44 patients with long bone defect of infected tibia who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics,The Second Affiliated Hospital by the induced membrane technique between January 2004 and January 2017.They were 31 males and 13 females,aged from 18 to 71 years (mean,43.7 years).Of them,17 were complicated with diabetes,13 with primary hypertension,and 12 with more than two basic diseases.Their bone defects ranged from 6 to 17 cm (average,11 cm).Their postoperative fracture healing and complications were observed.Results This cohort received from 2 to 5 operations on average (average,3.7 operations).All the patents obtained bony union after 9 to 13 months (average,11.3 months).Their follow-ups ranged from 16 months to 11 years (average,3.1 years).Nineteen complications related to the surgery occurred in 15 cases.Skin healing problem after implantation of bone cement was found in 5 cases which called for operative intervention,infection relapsed in 8 patients after the first phase of cement implantation which necessitated further surgical debridement for successful management,local haematoma appeared after bone grafting in one case of 17 cm bone defect,implant failure occurred in one case,leg length discrepancy larger than 2 cm was observed in 3 cases,and a discharging sinus developed in one case 2 years after successful healing of a tibial defect.Conclusions The induced membrane technique appears to be a good alternative management for large tibial defects secondary to infection.The technique should be considered in the surgeon's armamentarium and patients conditions as it is effective and associated with a low rate of complications.