Objective To explore the indications and efficacy of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD) in the management of choledocholithiasis. Methods EPBD combined with a retrieval basket or balloon or both was performed to remove common bile duct stones in 42 cases from April 1999 to August 2001. The length and maximum diameter of the balloon were 5 0cm and 1 2cm respectively. The number of common bile duct stones must be less than 3, and the diameter must be less than or equal to 1 0cm. The balloon was inflated at pressure of (8～12)atm for 2min two times and the corresponding dilated diameter was 1 0cm～1 2cm. Results EPBD was performed successfully in all patients. The common bile duct stones were removed in 40 out of 42 patients, including endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) in 4 patients, with the success rate being 95 2%(40/42). Stone removal failed in 2 patients. 3 cases had mild pancreatitis postoperatively. No complications such as bleeding or intestinal perforation occurred. Conclusions It is suitable to treat common bile duct stones by EPBD when the number of stones is less than 3 and the diameter is less than or equal to 1.0cm.

Objective To estimate the diagnostic value of the patients of intrauterine pregnancy abortion (IUPA) of pregnancies of unknown location (PUL) with transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TV-PDU) combining Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Methods Endometria of PUL were detected by TV-PDU during the early pregnancy.Serum β-HCG and progesterone were analyzed meanwhile.All variables were researched by multiple factors Logistic regression.Logistic regression equationg were established.ROC curve was constructed and the cut-off value of endometrial mnographic findings and clinical data to diagnose intrauterine pregnancy abortion were studied.The accuracy of every univariate and multivariable were evaluated and the validity and stability of the Logistic regression equation were tested.Results The RI value and PSV were included in the multivariate model 1 (M1),while the serum progesterone,type of endometrial resonance and gestation age were included in the multivariate model 2(M2).The area under the curve of M1,M2 were 0.887,0.976,respectivdy.Youden index and positive predictive value were 90.8%,87.5% and 12.213,8.000,respectively.Specificity and positive predictive value of M2 was lower than M1 which had a hisher accuracy.Diagnostic value were increased obviously by the use of M1 and M2 comparing with univariate and the stability was all righL Conclusions Possibility of IUPA could be predicted by TV-PDU simply,atraumaticly and efficiently.A close rehaion is found between the hemodypnmic parameter of endometria and the IUPA.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of fluorouracil combined with DDP on the growth of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63,and to explore its influence on the expressions of transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5 )and transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6 )proteins.Methods The MG-63 cells were cultured by the density of 5 × 104 mL-1 .Fluorouracil group,DDP group,fluorouracil+ DDP group and control group containing 10% FBS were set up.The inhibitory rates of growth of MG-63 cells at different time were detected by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis of MG-63 cells after treated with different drugs was determined by Hoechst staining Kit.The immunocytochemical staining was used to treatent to detect the expressions of TRPV5 and TRPV6 before and after treatment.Results Fluorouracil and DDP both inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells in a time-and dose- dependent manner.There were a lot of black particles in the MG-63 cells and the cells were smaller,aging or death when they were exposed to fluorouracil or DDP.Compared with 24 h group,the inhibitory rates of proliferation of MG-63 cells after treated with the sigle drug of fluorouracil or DDP for 48 and 72 h were increased significantly (P <0.05).Compared with control group,the apoptotic rates of MG-63 cells in fluorouracil group and DDP group 24,48,and 72 h after treatment were increased (P < 0.01)in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in MG-63 cells 72 h after treatment of fluorouracil and DDP were decreased significantly compared with before treatment (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Fluorouracil, DDP and fluorouracil combined with DDP could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cells,induce the apoptosis, and decrease the expression levels of TRPV5 and TRPV6.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng on the tumor and the liver metastasis in experimental mice grafted with B16 melanoma. METHODS: B16 melanoma was transplanted in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. The effects of different doses of ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng on the inhibition rate of spleen tumors and the liver metastasis were observed respectively. RESULTS: The high-, medium-, and low-doses of the extracts and the interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) can improve the quality of life of the experimental mice. The weights of spleen tumor were lower in the low- and medium-dose extracts-treated groups and the IFN-alpha-treated group than that in the normal saline (NS)-treated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The liver metastasis was less in the low- and medium-dose extracts-treated groups and the IFN-alpha-treated group than that in the NS-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng can improve the quality of life of the experimental mice and inhibit the growth of tumor and the liver metastasis.

BACKGROUND:Spinal posterior surgery is the most common treatment method for thoracolumbar fracture. During exposure of conventional posterior surgery, a wide-range stripping and pul ing of paraspinal muscles easily induced failure syndrome of lumbar surgery.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the reset conditions and stability of thoracolumbar fractures after treatment with pedicle screw paraspinal muscle approach and conventional posterior median approach fixation.
METHODA total of 62 patients with thoracolumbar fractures without nerve injury were retrospectively analyzed. 22 patients were treated with paraspinal muscle approach and general spine system. 21 patients were treated with conventional median approach and general spine system. 19 patients were treated with conventional median approach and AF internal fixation system. The therapeutic effects of the three kinds of fixation methods were compared by comparing clinical indexes in patients of the three groups, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, dead space volume, scores of the Visual Analogue Scale of back pain, wound complications, height of injured vertebrae and the Cobb angle.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and dead space volume were better in the paraspinal muscle approach and general spine system group than in the conventional median approach and general spine system group and conventional median approach and AF internal fixation system group (P<0.05). No significant difference in height of injured vertebrae and the Cobb angle was detectable among the three groups at 3 days after fixation (P>0.05). No significant difference in scores of the Visual Analogue Scale of back pain was visible among the three groups at 1 week after fixation (P>0.05). The scores of the Visual Analogue Scale of back pain were apparently lower in the paraspinal muscle approach and general spine system group than in the conventional median approach and general spine system group and conventional median approach and AF internal fixation system group at 3 and 6 months after fixation. No incision infection was observed in patients of the three groups. These results suggested that compared with conventional posterior median approach, paraspinal muscle approach has some advantages, such as smal trauma, less bleeding, postoperative rapid recovery, and high degree of satisfaction. The effects of general spine system and AF internal fixation system in the repair of thoracolumbar fractures on internal fixation are similar, but general spine system has some advantages such as simple to be operated, save time, less bleeding, stable fixation and good reduction. General spine system combined with paraspinal muscle approach is a good method to repair thoracolumbar spine fracture.

BACKGROUND:For reason of pathological particularity, treatments for young adult patients with lumbar disc herniation require more demanding procedures. Traditional discectomy and rigid fixation and fusion receive a lower clinical satisfaction rate because of their concomitant complications. Waveflex is a semi-rigid fixation system with non-fusion pedicle screws. Once combined with the technology of annulus repair, it can maintain the normal movement of the segments, and can thus raise clinical satisfaction rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short-term efficacy of the treatment of young adult lumbar disc herniation through the technology of the posterior Waveflex non-fusion pedicle screw elastic fixed smal window nucleus pulposus extirpation associated with annulus repair. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with lumbar disc herniation were involved in this study, among which, 18 cases in the elastic fixation group were subjected to a posterior lumbar smal window nucleuspulposus extraction along with annulus repair together bound with Waveflex elastic fixation; the rest 20 cases in the nucleus pulposus removal group underwent simple nucleus pulposus extirpation. After these operations, a series of folow-up study was conducted, including: folow-up analysis of clinical efficacy and complications, colection of low-back pain visual analogue scores, colection of Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (JOA), regular assessment of Oswestry dysfunction index, and reevaluation of the lumbar lateral radiographs related indicators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Folow-up visits to the patients were conducted 12-20 months later since the operations. Both groups showed a better performance than before treatment in the pain visual analogue scale, low back pain JOA score, and Oswestry dysfunction index of low-back pain (P < 0.05) during the last visit. The pain visual analogue scale, low back pain JOA score, and Oswestry dysfunction index of low-back pain in the dynamic fixation group were superior to those in the nucleus pulposus removal group (P <0.05). Stil in the last folow-up, operative segment disc height in the dynamic fixation group was greater than that before treatment, and the operative segment range of motion was smaler than that before treatment (P <0.05). These results suggest that compared to nucleus pulposus removal, Waveflex system associated with nucleus pulposus excision annulus repair has a more satisfactory effect in the early recovery of lumbar spine function and exerts a positive effect on the stability of the operated segments in the treatment of lumbar protrusion of the intervertebral disc in young adults.

Objective:To analyze the application of thinking visual guidance teaching model in anesthesia clinical practice teaching.Methods:Taking the implementation time (March 2019) of thinking visual guidance teaching model in our hospital as the limit, 56 interns who came to our hospital for anesthesia practice before the implementation were included as control group, and 61 interns enrolled after the implementation (from March 2019 to March 2020) were included in study group. The mastery status of professional skills (duration of anesthesia operation, success rate of one-time anesthesia puncture and success rate of one - time tracheal intubation), professional knowledge assessment results and professional attitude changes were compared between the two groups at 2 months and 6 months of training. Self-evaluation after 6 months of training was compared between the two groups. SPSS 18.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After 6 months of training, the mastery status of professional skills (duration of anesthesia operation, success rate of one-time anesthesia puncture, and success rate of one-time tracheal intubation) of the two groups of interns were significantly improved compared with those after 2 months of training, and the above indicators of study group were significantly better than those of control group (all P<0.05). After 6 months of training, the scores of assessment results of professional knowledge (basic knowledge, understanding and memory, case analysis, emergency handling) and professional attitude (behavior, language, initiative and adaptability) in the two groups of interns were significantly higher than those after 2 months of training, and the above indicators scores of study group were significantly higher than those of control group (all P<0.05). The scores of self-evaluation (learning efficiency, learning atmosphere, learning ability, self-confidence and satisfaction) of study group at 6 months of training were significantly higher than those of control group at the same period (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Thinking visual guidance teaching model can effectively improve the professional knowledge and operation skills of anesthesia clinical interns, and it has a good application effect.

In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animals were pretreated with estradiol. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the vagina in the mice of different groups at different time points after the beginning of the experiment. The average expression level of IL-2 mRNA in group D (estrogen-treated mice) was significantly higher than that in groups H (estrogen-untreated mice) and I (control group) on the day 2. The average expression level of IL-4 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups I and H on the day 5. The average expression level of IL-10 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I from day 7 to 11. The average expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I at all time points. It was concludes that the high-level expression of IL-2 mRNA during early infection was associated with clearance of mucosal C. albicans, and the high-level expression of IL-10 mRNA during late stage of the infection was related to susceptibility to infection. TGF-β1 may play a predominant role when the virtual absence of changes in other Th-type cytokines during infection.

To study the effect of itraconazole on the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida under different immunity conditions, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by in- travaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animal had been pretreated with estradiol or dexamethasone. Mice were divided at random into different groups and then treated with itracona- zole or IFN-γ given by gastrogavage. The burden of the fungus in the vaginal lavage fluids in the mice of the different groups was measured dynamically at different time points after the beginning of the drug treatment. The difference in the effect of itraconazole on the vaginal candidiasis between normal immune system group (group A) and control group (group D) was statistically significant (P<0.01). The difference in the efficacy of itraconazole among immunosuppressed group (group E), immuno-regulated group (group F) and the control group (group G) was statistically significant (P<0.01). But on the 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 11th day after the inoculation the average level of colony forming unit (CFU) of groups A, E and F showed no statistically significant difference (P0.05). It is concluded that the efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of the vaginal candidiasis under different immunity conditions (groups A, E and F) in mice were all good, but there was no difference in the anti-fungal effect of itraconazole among the three groups.