To explore the clinical application and value of small incisions in the treatment of benign thyroid diseases with endoscopic assistance.A total of 57 cases with thyroid nodules were operated under the assistance of ultrasonic scalpel and endoscope with the lifting-up of special instrument and small neck incisions.However one malignant case was converted iuto open surgery according to frozen sections.The other 56 cases were successfully operated.The mean operative duration was 42 min and postoperative stay 2 -3 days.All incisions achieved primary healing and the length range was 1.5 - 3.5 cm.Except for transient hoarseness in 1 case,there was no such complications as choking,lip paralysis or hemorrhage,etc.All were discharged uneventfully.This surgical approach shall be recommended for its merits of miniinvasiveness,less hemorrhage,fewer complications and wider applications.

Objective To study the incidences of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease and analyze the related factors.Methods The clinic data of 100 Parkinson's patients were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the fall incidence and the related factors.Results The fall incidence was 46.0%during hospitalization in the patients with Parkinson's disease.The single factor analysis showed that the falls incidence were higher in male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization than those in the non-fall group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization were risk factors for Parkinson's patients during hospitalization.(all P<0.05). Conclusions The high risk factors for the falls in Parkinson's patients include male patients,dizziness from drug factors,a history of falls and non-presence of their families during hospitalization.Therefore,the assessment of the risk factors for falls should be done so as to carry out fall factors control and fall risks classification management for the purpose of reducing falls.

0.05).However,GTPase activities of Wt PgFtsZ,Z?C01 and Z?N01 were 5.84?0.20,5.25?0.18,5.73?0.13,respectively,with 10 mmol?L-1 Ca2+,and reduced by 10 mmol?L-1 Ca2+(P

Objective:To study the antimicrobial properties of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles.Methods:The CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method.The pH and calcium ion release from the samples which composed of eugenol and nanoparticles were examined respectively.The form of the particles was observed under electron microscope,the ions were analysed by inductively coupled plasma(ICP).The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT).Results:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were spherical with core-shell structure and with the diameter of 80-90 nm.The calcium ion release and pH were gradually increasing from the nanoparticles in PBS.The antibacterial activity of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles-eugenol was significantly greater than that of iRoot SP and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer(P<0.01).Conclusion:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles possess antibacterial activity.

Objective This study aims to investigate the role of gap junction mediated by connexin 43(Cx43)in renal injury induced by periodontitis in rats.Methods Twelve SPF-grade Wistar male rats were divided into a control group and a periodontitis group by using a completely random number table method,with six rats in each group.The control group rats were not treated,while the periodontitis group rats were subjected to wire ligation of the neck of their bilateral maxillary first molars to construct a periodontitis model.After 8 weeks of modeling,the rats were examined for clinical indicators of the periodontium.micro-CT scanning of the maxilla reconstructed its 3D structure and analyzed the absorption of alveolar bone.Histopathological changes in periodontal and renal tissues were detected.MitoSOX red reagent was used to determine reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in renal tissues.A biochemical reagent kit was used to detect serum oxidative stress biomarkers.Real-time fluo-rescent quantitative-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was employed to determine Cx43,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,BCL2-Associated X(Bax),B-lymphomatoma-2 gene(Bcl-2),and Caspase-3 mRNA were determined.Western blot analysis was used to detect Cx43,NF-κB,IL-1β,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein.Re-sults micro-CT 3D reconstruction showed significant bone resorption of the first molar alveolar bone in the periodonti-tis group rats and decreased height of the alveolar ridge.The distance from the enamel cementum boundary to the top of the alveolar ridge in the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that inthe control group.The histopathological results showed a large number of inflammatory cells that infiltrated the periodontal tissue of the periodontitis group,and the alveolar bone was significantly absorbed.Rats in the periodontitis group also exhibited mild thickening of the glomer-ular basement membrane,dilation of the Bowman's capsule,and destruction of the brush-like edge of the renal tubules in the renal tissue.The MitoSOX red staining results showed a significant increase in ROS content in the renal tissue of the periodontitis group.The biochemical test results showed that the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in the serum of rats with periodontitis decreased,while that of malondialdehyde increased.The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of Cx43,IL-1β,IL-6,Bax,Caspase-3 mRNA and Cx43,IL-1β,NF-κB,Bax,Caspase-3 proteins in the periodontitis group significantly increased compared with those in the control group,while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein decreased.Conclusion Periodontitis may activate NF-κB sig-naling molecules by upregulating the expression of Cx43 in rat kidney tissues,leading to increased levels of inflamma-tion and apoptosis and ultimately inducing kidney injury.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of betaquiline fumarate tablets in the treatment of multi drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from March 2019 to September 2022 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into two groups by random number table method.The observation group(n = 93)received anti tuberculosis treatment with a regimen containing bedaquiline fumarate tablets,while the control group(n = 90)received anti tuberculosis treatment with a regimen without bedaquiline fumarate tablets.The lesion absorption rate,sputum negative conversion rate,cavity reduction rate,treatment efficiency,and adverse drug reactions during treatment were collected at the end of 24 weeks.Results At the end of the 24th week of treatment,the differences between the observation group and the control group in the rates of lesion absorption rate(85.7%,63.3%),negative conversion of sputum smears(89.7%,71.4%),negative conversion of sputum cultures(82.1%,68.6%),cavity shrinkage rate(88.2%,69.4%),and total treatment efficacy(81.9%,60.2%)were statistically significant(P<0.05).The difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the observation group and the control group(69.9%and 83.4%)was statistically significant(P<0.05),but the difference in the severity of adverse reactions was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion The regimen containing betaquiline fumarate tablets has good efficacy and is safe in the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of circadian clock protein Bmal1(Bmal1)on renal injury with chronic periodontitis,we established an experimental rat periodontitis model.Methods Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and periodontitis groups(n=6,each group).The first maxillary molars on both sides of the upper jaw of rats with periodontitis were ligated by using orthodontic ligature wires,whereas the control group re-ceived no intervention measures.After 8 weeks,clinical periodontal parameters,including probing depth,bleeding index,and tooth mobility,were evaluated in both groups.Micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional image recon-struction were performed on the maxillary bones of the rats for the assessment of alveolar bone resorption.Histopatholo-gical observations of periodontal and renal tissues were conducted using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.Renal function indicators,such as creatinine,albumin,and blood urea nitrogen levels,and oxida-tive stress markers,including superoxide dismutase,glutathione,and malondialdehyde levels,were measured using bio-chemical assay kits.MitoSOX red staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in the kidneys.The gene and protein expression levels of Bmal1,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in rat renal tissues were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and immuno-histochemical staining.Results Micro-CT and HE staining results showed significant bone resorption and attachment loss in the maxillary first molar region of the periodontitis group.Histological examination through HE and PAS staining revealed substantial histopathological damage to the renal tissues of the rats in the periodontitis group.The findings of the assessment of renal function and oxidative stress markers indicated that the periodontitis group exhibited abnormal levels of oxidative stress,whereas the renal function levels showed abnormalities without statistical significance.Mito-SOX Red staining results showed that the content of ROS in the renal tissue of the periodontitis group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression levels of Bmal1,Nrf2,and HO-1 in the renal tissues of the rats in the periodontitis group showed a decreasing trend.Conclu-sion Circadian clock protein Bmal1 plays an important role in the oxidative damage process involved in the renal of rats with periodontitis.

Objective This study aims to explore changes in uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in experimental periodonti-tis-associated renal injury induced by ligation and investigate the effect of UCP2 on renal injury induced by periodontitis.Methods Twelve Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups:control and periodontitis groups.A periodon-tal model was built by ligating the maxillary first molars area with 0.2 mm orthodontic ligature wire.After 8 weeks,the in-traoral condition of the rats was observed and periodontal clinical indices such as gingival bleeding index(BI),periodontal probing depth(PD),and tooth mobility(TM)were detected.The maxillary bone was scanned by Micro CT to observe the alveolar bone resorption.The tissue mineral density(TMD),bone mineral density(BMD),bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),trabecular bone separation(Tb.Sp)were recorded,and the distance from the enamel bone boundary to the alveolar crest(CEJ-ABC)of the maxillary first molar was measured.The oxidative stress indexes such as malondialdehyde,glutathione(GSH),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected using frozen rat kidney tissue.The gene expression of UCP2,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)was observed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)test.The gingival tissue of the rats was used for immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of the UCP2 protein.The fixed rat kidney tissue was used for hematoxylin-eosin(HE),periodic acid-schiff(PAS),MitoSOX Red,JC-1,and immu-nohistochemical staining to observe the renal histopathology,the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the level of mito-chondrial membrane potential,and the expression of UCP2,Nrf2,and PGC-1α protein.Rat serum was collected to detect renal function indices,namely,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cre),and albumin(Alb).Results Compared with the control group,the periodontitis group showed red,swollen,and soft gingival tissue,with gingival probing bleeding,periodontal PD increased,tooth loosening,alveolar bone resorption,decreased TMD,BMD,BV/TV,and Tb.Th indices,and increased Tb.Sp index,CEJ-ABC,and gingival UCP2 protein expression.Compared with the control group,the levels of MDA and ROS in the kidney tissue of periodontitis rats and the gene and protein expression of UCP2 increased,and the levels of MMP,GSH,and SOD and the gene and protein expression of Nrf2 and PGC-1α decreased.Renal functional indi-ces,namely,BUN,Cre,and Alb,were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion UCP2 may play a role in renal injury induced by periodontitis through oxidative stress.

Objective: To investigate the association between APOB gene R532W polymorphism and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients without lipid-lowering treatment and to analyze the interactions between the variation of R532W and different risk factors of CHD. Methods: CHD and non-CHD were diagnosed according to coronary artery angiography (CAG) and/or coronary computed tomography angiogram (CTA) results, as well as clinical features. Blood samples from 771 CHD patients and 772 age- and sex-matched non-CHD controls, who never accepted any lipid-lowering treatments, were collected. R532W was genotyped by HumanExome BeadChip at BGI and strict quality control was made. Firstly, the association between R532W polymorphism and the risk of CHD in 3 genetic models (GA+ AA vs.GG, AA vs. GG+ GA, AA vs. GA vs. GG) after adjusting confounding factors was explored. Then, the interactions between the variation of this loci and risk factors related to CHD were investigated. Results: (1) Total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower in AA genotype than in GA genotype in the total cohort and non-CHD controls, but was similar among the 3 genotypes in CHD patients. (2) R532W GG, GA and AA distribution was 80.7%, 18.2% and 1.2% in CHD patients, and 74.6%, 23.8% and 1.6% in non-CHD controls (P<0.05). (3) R532 polymorphism was related to the incidence of CHD in the dominant model, and A-allele carriers were related to about 35% reduced risk of CHD (OR=0.653, 95% CI 0.502-0.849, P=0.001) after adjusting for confounding factors. (4) R532W polymorphism had positive interactions with hypertension (1.452) and smoke (1.077), while negative interaction with diabetes (0.553) in the occurrence of CHD. Conclusions APOB gene R532W polymorphism is related to TC levels in Chinese north Han population. A-allele carries of R532W loci is linked with reduced risk of CHD in the absence of lipid-lowering treatment. R532W polymorphism has a positive additive interaction with hypertension and smoke, while a negative additive interaction with diabetes mellitus in the occurrence of CHD.

FimA has been characterized as an important virulence factor for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These structures play a major role in the mechanisms of adhesion and invasion of Pg to host cells, and can induce cellular activation and cytokines release. FimA can also promote biofilm formation and induce immuno-inflammatory response of host cells. Many studies have characterized FimA to be associated with periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Pg strains are classified into six types based on divergent nucleotide sequences of the fimA gene (types Ⅰ、Ⅰb、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ andⅤ). The expression of fimbriae is regulated by the fimA gene, which may be the key factor that leads to virulence diversities of Pg, At present, the research on the pathogenesis of FimA mainly focuses on periodontitis and atherosclerosis, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper reviewed the pathogenic effect of FimA in the development of above mentioned two diseases and its application in the prevention.