OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy of carboxymethyl starch in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infection (RRI)children. METHODS:110 RRI children were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 55 children in each group. Control group was given routine treatment,such as anti-infection,anti-virus,abatement of fever,reliev-ing cough,phlegm transformation and etc. Observation group was additionally given Carboxymethyl starch sodium solution (7 ml for <4 year-old,10 ml for 4-7 year-old,15 ml for >7 year-old)on the basis of control group. Both groups received consecutive treatment for 3 months. The changes of cellular immunity function index CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ and humoral immunity index IgG,IgA and IgM were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated in 2 groups. RE-SULTS:There was no statistical significance in CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+levels of control group before and after treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of observation group obviously increased,while CD8+ level obviously declined;the observation group was better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in IgG,IgA and IgM levels of control group,with statistical significance (P>0.05);after treatment,IgG,IgA and IgM levels of control group increased significantly,and the observation group was better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Total effective rate of observation group was 92.73%,which was much higher than that in control group (78.18%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Carboxymethyl starch has definite therapeutic efficacy on RRI,and can obvi-ously improve cellular and humoral immunity function.

Objective:To study the correlation between the thickness of psoriasis skin and TCM syndromes,and to find an uninjurious and effective way to determine TCM syndromes by high-frequency ultrasound.Methods:Eighty-seven patients were divided into three groups:blood-heat syndrome group,blood-dryness syndrome group and blood-stasis syndrome group.The patients' epidermal and dermal thickness of targeted psoriasis skin and surrounding normal area was measured by high-frequency ultrasonic apparatus.Results:The thickness of epidermal and dermal of psoriasis skin was thicker than that of surrounding skin,and it was more obviouse of derma.The dermal thickness indexes of blood-stasis patients was the biggest in the three groups(P

AIM: To examine the quality of Radix Astragali Injection from different manufacturers. METHODS: The HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Radix Astragali Injection was established with hypersil ODS 2 C 18 column(250mm?4.6mm,5?m), column temperature at 40℃. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (36∶64) and flow rate was at 1.0mL?min -1. The evaporation light-scattering detector was used with its drift tube temperature at 100℃ and the gas flow rate: 3.0L?min -1. RESULTS: Within 2.4～12?g astragaioside Ⅳ had a good linearity. The average recovery was 101.6%, RSD=2.9%,n=5. By analyzing the samples of 10 batch of Radix Astragali Injection from 5 manufactuers, it showed there were significant difference in the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and fast. The results are accurate and reproducible and can be used in the quality control of Radix Astragali Injection. The significant differences in the astragaloside content may influence clinical treatmem.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct renal chemolysis with alkaline drug through ureteral catheter or nephrostomy tube for the treatment of infantile renal calculus resul-ted from melamine. Methods Fifteen infants of acute post-renal failure resulted from bilateral renal calculi were treated. The age of the infants was 5--12 months(average, 9 months). Stone size varied from 0.4 to 1.5 cm (average, 0.8 cm). They were all fed on milk powder polluted with melamine for a long time and diagnosed with acute post-renal failure based on the imaging and chemical examination. Double-J stents insertion by ureteroscope was performed on 13 infants and direct renal chemolysis with alkaline drng(5% NaHCO3,20 ml)through ureteral catheter was performed during operation. Percuta-neous nephrostomy was performed on 2 infants to remove the obstruction of upper urinary tract and di-rect renal chemolysis with alkaline drug(1.4% NaHCO3, continuous perfusion by gravity) through ne-phrostomy tube was performed intermittently after operation. Results Direct renal chemolysis was performed successfully on the 15 infants. The urine volume recovered in 2--5 d, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine recovered in 2--3 d postoperatively. During the operation of the infants treated by direct renal chemolysis with 5%NaHCO3 throuth ureteral catheter, a large number of limous fluid spurted from ureterostoma. According to CT examination 2 weeks after operation, the stone frag-ments were removed thoroughly in 13 infants, the diameter of the stone lessened more than 50% in 2 infants. Conclusion Direct renal chemolysis with alkaline drug for eliminating infantile renal cal-culus resulted from melamine is sale and effective.

This study was aimed to explore pharmacological effects of epimedium pubescen flavonoid (EPF) on biomechanical properties among ovariectomized rats. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (aged 2-month-old) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10), which were the sham control group (Group A), the model group (GroupB), the standard group (Group C), the treated 1 group (Group D), the treated 2 group (Group E), and the treated 3 group (Group F). Except the sham control group (Group A), rats in other groups had been ovariectomized. All rats were given the same feedstuff. Meanwhile, Group C was given calcium 75 mg·kg-1 combined with VitD3 21 IU·kg-1 by gastrogavage every day for 4 months; Group D was given EPF 75 mg·kg-1; Group E was given EPF 150 mg·kg-1;Group F was given EPF 300 mg·kg-1. At the end of the 4th month, all rats were sacrificed. Bones, which included tibia, femur and humerus of both sides and all lumbar vertebra bodies, had been taken out. Measurement was made on the elastic modulus, maximum loading capability, maximum stress, potential energy of deformation, and structural rigidity of biomechanical properties of the fourth lumbar vertebra body (LV4); the maximum loading capability, bone break load, potential energy of deformation, structural rigidity of the structural dynamics properties of the femur com-pact bone; the elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum inherent strain, bone break stress, and bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone in the experimental rats. The results showed that compared with Group B, the elastic modulus, maximum loading capability, maximum stress, potential energy of deformation, and structural rigidity of LV4; the maximum loading capability, bone break load, potential energy of de-formation, structural rigidity of the structural dynamics properties of the femur compact bone; the elastic modulus, maximum stress, maximum inherent strain, and bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the fe-mur compact bone were obviously increased in Group A, D, E and F (P< 0.05). Group C had increasing tendency. There were no statistical differences among Group A, C, D, E and F. Group D, E, and F had increased with EPF dose-dependently. However, there were no statistical differences among them. There were no statistical differences on bone break strain of the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone among Group A, C, D, E, and F. It showed that ovariectomization reduced the biomechanical properties of vertebra bodies, structural dynamics properties of the femur compact bone, and the mechanical properties of a material of the femur compact bone. The application of EPF can effectively prevent and treat the decreasing of biomechanical properties of ovariectomized rats, so as to keep them in a relatively higher level.

Biological chemistry of Chinese herbal germplasm resources (BCCHGR) is a new cross-discipline formed from rapid development of modern science and technology and its application in the area of Chinese herbal resources. BCCHGR was defined as probing and understanding biological processes like heredity, gene transcription, expression and metabolism of Chinese herbal germplasm, at the interface of biochemistry, molecular biology and chemistry, elu-cidating the nature of Chinese herbal germplasm using as TCM medicine as well as the forming mechanism thereof. In this paper, the scientific background, definition, significance and contents of BCCHGR were discussed to depict a preliminary picture of BCCHGR and arouse popular consideration and discussions.

Objective To evaluate the effect of EMS through ureteroscope per urethra for the treatment of infant bladder and urethral stone with acute urinary retention. Methods Ten cases (9 boys, 1 girl)of infant bladder and urethral stone with acute urinary retention were treated by EMS through ureteroscope per urethra. Mean age of the patients was 9 months. Two cases suffered from bladder stones while the other 8 cases suffered from urethral stones. The size of stones varied from 0.5-1.1 cm with the average of 0.8 cm. All 10 cases underwent EMS through ureteroseope per ure-thra after general anaesthesia by using ketamine in vein. Wolf F8/9. 8 ureteroscope was used and mo-nitored by television. The EMS probe of ultrasound lithotripsy was sticked through operating passway of ureteroscope to shatter and eliminate bladder and urethral stone. During operation, 50-- 100 ml li-quid pressure was retained in the urinary bladder. The pressure of perfusion pump varied between 160 and 210 kPa(average, 180 kPa). The energy of ultrasound lithotripsy was 40%--60% with a ratio of 30%--70%. F8 type of 2 cavity aerocyst urethral catheter was indwelled after operation. Results The average operation time was 25 min. Urethral stones were rinsed into bladder. Stones were elimi-nated at one time by ureteroscope. Urethral catheters were removed after the patients revived from anesthesia and smooth urination was seen immediately after operation. No retained calculus in the bladder and urethra was found by B ultrasound 3 days later. Conclusions Low urinary obstruction could be relieved immediately after EMS through ureteroscope per urethra in patients of infant bladder and urethral stone with acute urinary retention. This operation is safe, high-efficient with less lesion, and would be the first option for the patients of infant bladder and urethral stone with acute urinary re-tention.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of ureteroseope in the treatment of infant renal calculus with acute post-renal failure. Methods Thirteen cases of infant renal calculus with acute post-renal failure included 11 males and 2 females aging from 5 months to 1 years with a mean age of 9 months. Five cases showed bilateral renal calculi with hydronephrosis, 3 cases showed one side renal calculus with eontralateral uretal calculus incarceration, 3 cases showed bilateral uretal calculus incarceration, 2 cases showed bilateral renal calculi and hydronephrosis with urinary calculi. Anuria appeared in 11 cases for 1-3 d while oliguria appeared in 2 cases for 5-10 d. BUN and SCr were higher than normal level in all cases. Hyperuricemia was found in 8 cases, hyperkaliemia was found in 9 cases, pH values in urine of all infants were less than 6. 5(mean, 5. 5). Radiopague stone was not found in all cases by KUB. Hydronephrosis was found in 13 cases, and the diameter of hydro-nephrosis in 9 cases was more than 2.5 cm by B ultrasound. All cases were diagnosed as urinary stones with the diameter from 0.5 to 1.5 cm by CT. All cases were inserted with double J stents un-der ureteroscope for internal drainage, crushing, rinsing and eliminating stones. Results Hyperdi-uresis emerged within 24 h after operation in 13 patients. The duration of hyperdiuresis was from 24 h to 72 h. Urine volume revived gradually 48-96 h after operation while BUN and SCr revived 1-5 dafter operation. Serum uric acid revived 1-7 d after operation in 8 cases of hyperuricacidemia. Serum potassium revived 1-3 d after operation in 9 cases of hyperpotassaemia. Double J tubes were detained for 2-4 weeks. Renal calculus in 10 cases were found by B ultrasound to be discharged and conse-quently double J tubes were pulled out. Renal calculi in 2 cases became smaller and lighter. Conclu-sions For infant renal calculus with acute post-renal failure, upper urinary obstruction could be re-lieved immediately with revived urination and improved renal function by dissolution and crushing of calculus, and the placement of double J tube for internal drainage under ureteroscope. This operation is safe, high-efficient with less lesion, and would be the first option to relieve obstruction for infant re-nal calculus with acute post-renal failure.

This study was aimed to establish an identification method for Spatholobus suberectus and its adulterants by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy (NIRDRS) spectra of different S. suberectus and its adulterants were acquired by using OPUS INDENT analysis software. NIRDRS spectra clustering analysis model and identification model were established and verified. The results showed that S. suberectus from dif-ferent regions and its adulterants were identified successfully by clustering analysis model and identification model. It was concluded that Spatholobus suberectus and its adulterants can be identified rapidly and non-destructively by NIRS.

Aim To investigate the effect of insulin glargine and human insulin on proliferation of a human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the role of ERK in the process.Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated with insulin glargine and human insulin at different concentrations and for different time courses.A specific ERK1/2 inhibitor,PD98059,was used either alone or in combination with insulin glargine or human insulin to test the involvement of ERK pathway in cell growth.Cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 reagents.Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results Both insulin glargine and human insulin dose-dependently enhanced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation at the concentrations from 1 to 100 IU?L-1 after treatment for 96 h.At the concentration of 10 IU?L-1,both drugs promoted cell growth at 48,72,and 96 h.The percentage of S+G2/M cells was significantly increased in both insulin glargine and human insulin treated groups as compared to untreated controls.No significant difference was observed between insulin glargine and human insulin in their effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution.Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by PD98059.However,in the presence of PD98059,both drugs still promoted cell proliferation significantly as compared to untreated controls.Conclusions Insulin galrgine and human insulin similarly promote proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells independent of ERK activation.