OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy of carboxymethyl starch in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infection (RRI)children. METHODS:110 RRI children were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 55 children in each group. Control group was given routine treatment,such as anti-infection,anti-virus,abatement of fever,reliev-ing cough,phlegm transformation and etc. Observation group was additionally given Carboxymethyl starch sodium solution (7 ml for <4 year-old,10 ml for 4-7 year-old,15 ml for >7 year-old)on the basis of control group. Both groups received consecutive treatment for 3 months. The changes of cellular immunity function index CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ and humoral immunity index IgG,IgA and IgM were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment,and clinical efficacy was evaluated in 2 groups. RE-SULTS:There was no statistical significance in CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+levels of control group before and after treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ of observation group obviously increased,while CD8+ level obviously declined;the observation group was better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in IgG,IgA and IgM levels of control group,with statistical significance (P>0.05);after treatment,IgG,IgA and IgM levels of control group increased significantly,and the observation group was better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Total effective rate of observation group was 92.73%,which was much higher than that in control group (78.18%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Carboxymethyl starch has definite therapeutic efficacy on RRI,and can obvi-ously improve cellular and humoral immunity function.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the developing trend of Chinese materia medica in 2003 and the main research hotspots retrospectively. METHODS: The published articles in 2003 issues of 4 kinds of Journals included in (2000) were taken as statistical sources. The titles and key words were selected manually and statistic study was made using word frequency analysis method. RESULTS &CONLUSION: Pharmaceutical analysis, chemical constituents and pharmacology of Chinese traditional medicines are the main research hotspots in 2003; The quality control of Chinese traditional medicines, chemical constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs, the development of drugs against tumor and cardiovascular disease will be the main researches in Chinese materia medica.

Objective To detect AmpC ?-lactamases from clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsoella pneumoniae in our hospital.Methods Using confirmatory test recommended by the NCCLS to detect ESBLs producing escherichia coli and klebsoella pneumoniae.Adopting three dimensional extract test and three dimensional depression test to detect AmpC ?-lactamases.Results Among 236 escherichia coli strains collected,104 were ESBLs producing strains.Among 135 klebsoella pneumoniae strains collected,29 were ESBLs producing strains.Among 106 cefoxitin-resistant strains,AmpC ?-lactamases producing strains were found in 3 strains.Conclusion ESBLs are the most important resistant mechanisms of the two bacteria isolates in our hospital.The strains cefoxitin-resistant may result from the loss of the membrane porin.

The deletion and rearrangement of p53 and Rb genes were studied in gastric cancer with Southern blot hybridization and the point mutation in 248 and 249 codons of p53 was studied with PCR-RFLP.It was found that deletion or rearrangement of p53 was seen in 9 cases out of 30 cases of gastric cancer and point mutation at 248 codon of p53 in 2 cases out of 42 cases,and deletion and rearrangement of Rb gene were seen in 2 cases out of 15 cases.

It is known that no restriction endonuclease cleavage site exists at 12 codon in N-ras gene and at 12 and 13 codon in K-ras gene.Amismatched base was incorporated at the 3' end primer to creat a kind of restriction endonuclease cleavage site.Then it was possible for us to analyze the point mutation of the above mentioned codons with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.In this paper,the study of the point mutation at 12 and 61 codon in c-Ha-ras,at 12 codon in N-ras,and at 12 and 13 codon in K-ras was reported.

Objective Using apomorphine, a potent dopamine receptor agonist and rotating T-maze, the effect of apomorphine on the visual discrimination learning and reversal learning in rats was investigated. Methods All rats were trained in a visual discrimination task (food reward and light stimulus) in rotating T-maze. After reaching the acquisition criterion, rats were trained in a reversal task (food reward and without light stimulus) in the same maze. During the period of visual discrimination task, apomorphine was administrated either 30 minutes prior to learning or after learning immediately. Results The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning( 259.20±26.29 and 264.00±16.97, compared to 168.00±16.97 and 163.20±20.08) and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning (451.20±39.44 compared to 360.00±29.39). Conclusion The results showed that apomorphine, which was given either 30 minutes prior to visual discrimination learning or after learning, could impair the acquisition of discrimination learning and apomorphine, which was given only after visual discrimination learning, could impair the acquisition of reversal learning.

OBJECTIVE:To study the safety of percutaneous administration of Hongzhi gutong cataplasm. METHODS:Rab-bits were taken for single dose in complete skin irritation test(n=4),single dose in damaged skin irritation test(n=4)and multi-ple doses in complete skin irritation test(n=4). The left and right sides of the skin respectively paste 3 cm×3 cm blank matrix and Hongzhi gutong cataplasm for 24 h(calculated by crude drug of 0.14 g). After removing tape 1,24,48,72 h,the erythema and edema in hair removal site of rabbits in the former 2 tests were observed;after 24 h of administration,the rabbits in the last group were administrated again after exposing the administration area for 1 h,repeated 3 times,the erythema and edema in hair removal site after removing tape the first,second time and 1,24,48,72 h in the third time were respectively observed. RESULTS:In the 3 experiments,the scores of erythema and edema of all rabbits were 0,and skin irritation was evaluated as no irritation. CONCLU-SIONS:Hongzhi gutong cataplasm has no skin irritation in rabbits.

Objective The development and progression of intestinal metaplasia ( IM ) and expression of tumor-related proteins in dog’ s stomach were observed. Methods IM animal model was established in Beagle’ s stomach by feeding N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-trosoguanidine( MNNG ),ranitidine,and local X-irradiation. Expression of APC, p53, K-ras and bcl-2 genes in canine gastric lesion were determined by immunohistochemistry. Resullts IM canine model was successfully induced, with which sequential pathology studied. It was proved that progression of normal epithelial cells to IM cells might undergo several stages including superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, mild focal IM, moderate,and severe IM.Aberrant bcl-2 protein was detected in atrophic gastric epithelium and abnormal expression of APC, K-ras, and bcl-2 found in IM mucosa. Conclusion Canine gastric IM was induced by the method mentioned above.The development of normal gastric mucosa to IM in dog seemed to resemble that of human being.The presence of tumor-related proteins might indicate the transformation of IM to malignancy.

One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of precancerous lesions of gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemistry,and ABC immunohisto-chemistry stains of MG7 which is a monoclonal antibody against human gastric cancer (GC).In addition,quantitative analysis of cell DNA was performed with flowcytometry in 36 specimens.It was found that the incidence of type I b intestinal metaplasia (IM) was significantly higher in dysplasia and in the mucosa adjacent to GC than in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG),and the positive rate of MG7-Ag in type Ⅱb IM was significantly higher than that in type Ⅰa,Ⅰb and Ⅱa IM.Type Ⅱb IM could degenerate into dysplasia.MG7-Ag positive rate,DNA aneuploid rate and the percentage of S and G2+ M cells were significantly higher in type Ⅱb IM with dysplasia than in simple type Ⅱb IM.These findings support the supposed progressive course of CAG →type Ⅱb IM→dyspalsia→GC,and type Ⅱb IM with dysplasia is closely associated with GC.

Tissue sections of gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats were stained with PAS,AB (pH 2.5) and HID/AB (pH 2.5) techniques (O study the distribution patterns of epithelial muco-substances in the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution patterns of Wistar rats and human adults were compared.It was found that Wistar rats and human adults had similar distribution patterns throughout the gastrointestinal tract except the small intestines.Neutral mucosubstance was most abundant in the stomach and there was a small amount of sialomucin in the base of the lesser curvature and the neck of the gastric glands.From the proximal down to the distal colon,there was a progressive decrease of nuutral mucosubstance and sialomucin but a progressive increase of sulfo-mucin.The distribution patterns were apparently different between the right and left halves of the colon.In the small intestines,sulfomucin was present in the jejunum and ileum in Wistar rats but only in the terminal ileum in human beings.The histochemical observations of mucosubstance distribution in the normal gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rats and human adults can provide valuable criteria for experimental of clinical studies of various pathological conditions.