Objective To understand awareness of basic knowledge on control and prevention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among general practitioner in community health service centers. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 593 general practitioners at 15 community health service centers in a district of Shanghai in the morning of February 26, 2008. Results Five hundred and forty-two of 593 ( 91.4% ) general practitioners surveyed knew that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be abbreviated as COPD, and 315 of them (53.1%) thought they knew the main contents of the "Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". No pulmonary function instrument was equipped at all 15 community health service centers surveyed, and 501 of 593 ( 84.5% ) general practitioners knew spirometry is gold standard for diagnosis of COPD. Only 115 ( 19.4% ) general practitioners knew that COPD can be categorized as acute exacerbation and stable stage. One hundred and sixty-three of them (27.5%) knew that drug therapy should be maintained in COPD patients for long term following effective treatment, 328 (55.3%) recognized that treatment for COPD patients was still needed in their stable stage, and 312 (52.6%) believed that antibiotics may not be necessary and 465 (78.4%) thought that inhalation therapy was the choice of treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD. Two hundred and thirty-five of them (39.6%) knew that oxygen inhalation should be more than 15 hours per day in regular family therapy. The investigation showed that 365 (61.6%) general practitioners had participated in training for COPD-related knowledge, only one or two times a year. Awareness of COPD knowledge was significantly poorer in rural practitioners than that in urban community ones. Conclusions Basic knowledge of prevention and treatment for COPD was seriously lack in general practitioners, so it is a necessity to strengthen training for them.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence identifies the immune system not as an isolated system with automodulations, but one that interacts with the central nervous system.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of c-fos expression in the lung and brain tissues of asthmatic rats and explore is significance.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Oncology, Southern Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted Department of Oncology,Southern Hospital, and Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University, between January and August 2004. Fourteen healthy male rats were randomized into experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=4).METHODS: On the first day of experiment, the rats in experimental group received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL of the suspension containing 10 mg albumen, 200 mg aluminum hydroxide powder and inactivated pertussis vaccine (5×109), and subjected to inhalation of ultrasonically atomized 10 g/L albumen from on the 15th day, 2 times per hour for totally 3 days, to induce asthma in the rats. The rats in the control group received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL normal saline on the 1st day and inhalation of ultrasonically normal saline on the 15th day, 30 mL a day for totally 3 days. The lung and brain tissues of all the anesthetized rats were fixed by perfusion, and immunohistochemical method with ovin-biotin-peroxidase complex and imaging analysis system were used to observe the distribution of Fos protein in the lung and brain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of c-Fos protein in lung and cerebrum.c-Fos in the lung and brain tissues was obviously higher in asthmatic group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), located mainly in the parietal-fontal cortex, limbic forebrain (cingulum cortex, pyriform cortex and central amygdaloid nucleus and so on), thalamus paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, lateral region of the hypothalamus, hypothalamus periventricular nucleus, nucleus of solitary tract,area postrema and ventrolateral medulla. No obvious Fos expression was observed in the cerebellum. A large number of c-Fos-positive cells were observed in the wall of the airway and lungs in asthmatic rats, mainly distributing in the mucous membrane and submucous layer and around the smooth muscles; in the control rats, no positive cells or only occasional cells with weak c-Fos positivity were found in the wall of the airway and lungs.CONCLUSION: c-Fos expression increases obviously not only in the lungs of asthmatic rats, but also in medullar and its ascending projecting nuclei (hypothalamus, amygdala and so on), suggesting that the expression of protooncogene c-fos might be closely related with neuroimmunomodulation in asthma.

Objective To compare the operative and conservative treatments for senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ using Meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Data and CNKI for studies on senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ from the earliest records through June 2016.The relative studies identified were screened by 2 independent authors.The quality of these articles was evaluated using modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale,and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results A total of 22 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis.The union rate was significantly higher in the operative group than in the conservative group[OR =0.30,95％ CI(0.20,0.44),P ＜ 0.001];the mortality in the operative group was significantly lower than in the conservative group[OR =0.61,95％ CI (0.39,0.96),P=0.03];the complication rate was similar in both groups[OR=1.09,95％ CI(0.76,1.57),P ＜ 0.46].The heterogeneity of all the 3 indexes was low.In the subgroup analysis,the union rate was significantly higher in posterior operations than in anterior operations or conservative treatments (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the elderly patients with dens fracture of type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who can tolerate surgery,operative treatment may be more suitable because it can lead to much better prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into formulating health promotion strategies. Methods: Based on the Health Literacy Surveillance Program in Karamay City, demographic information and health literacy data were collected from residents aged 15 to 69 years in Karamay City in 2022, and levels of health literacy was analyzed. Factors affecting health literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 473 respondents were included, with a mean age of (39.62±15.09) years. There were 751 men (50.98%) and 722 women (49.02%). The level of health literacy was 28.31%, and the prevalence rates of basic healthy knowledge and attitudes, healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic health-related skills were 39.31%, 27.36% and 30.75%, respectively. The prevalence rates of safety and first aid, scientific health outlook, health information, chronic disease prevention, infectious disease prevention and basic medical care were 58.93%, 49.29%, 48.88%, 33.67%, 29.74% and 27.77%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (45 to 54 years OR=2.329, 95%CI: 1.005-5.398), ethnicity (ethnic minority, OR=0.459, 95%CI: 0.341-0.617), educational level (primary school and below, OR=0.213, 95%CI: 0.102-0.444; junior high school, OR=0.302, 95%CI: 0.193-0.471; high school, OR=0.579, 95%CI: 0.428-0.784), and annual household income (less than 10 000 Yuan, OR=0.352, 95%CI: 0.199-0.624; 10 000 to 30 000 Yuan, OR=0.447, 95%CI: 0.279-0.717; 30 000 to 50 000 Yuan, OR=0.598, 95%CI: 0.407-0.880) as factors affecting health literacy among residents in Karamay City. Conclusion The level of health literacy was 28.31% among residents in Karamay City in 2022. Health education and promotion should be carried out targeting residents of different ages, ethnicities, educational levels and annual household income, in order to further enhance the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City.

BACKGROUND: The normal clinical index and the standard error of ultrasonic bone density in the population of normalchildren aged 6-12 years have not yet been established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of ultrasonic bone density in the population of normal children aged 6 to 12 years old in Shenzhen City and establish a normal reference index of ultrasonic bone density of this population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Ultrasound Department of People's Hospital in Longgang District of Shenzhen City. PARTICIPANTS: The volunteers for ultrasonic bone density detection were chosen froma kindergarten, an elementary school and a middle school between March 2002 and April2003. Excluded were those who had bone fracture and received medication of hormone and other drugs within 6months that affected bone metabolism, and menstrual history. Altogether we chose 697 normal children, 367 boys and 330 girls whose age ranged from 6 to 12 years old. METHODS: SAHARA ultrasonic bone density apparatus (the US) was used, and corrected according to the standard body model after the operation began.The error of precision was below 1％ and the error of accuracy was 3％. Bone density of the left heel of the children was detected and body mass (kg) and height (cm) were also measured using the same height and weight scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The correlation between bone densityof the heel and sex, age and body mass in the population of normal children aged 6 to 12 years. RESULTS: The normal reference values of bone density in the population from 6 to 12 years old were (0.445±0.166) g/cm2 in 6-year-old group,(0.509±0.151) g/cm2 in 7-year-old group, (0.510±0.133) g/cm2 in 8-year-old group, (0.519±0.132) g/cm2 in 9-year-old group, (0.520±0.153) g/cm2 in 10-year-old group, (0.53±0.175) g/cm2 in 11-year-old, and (0.545±0.206) g/cm2 in 12-year-old group. There were differences in bone density between boys and girls (P ＜ 0.001), and after correction by body mass, the difference disappeared. Bone density of the boys and girls had increasing linear correlation with age (male r=0.722, P ＜ 0.001; female r=0.785, P ＜ 0.001), and had significant relationship with body mass (r=0.984, P ＜ 0.001). CONCLUSION: In normal children aged 6 to 12 years old, bone density of the heel has no association with sex, but has increasing linear correlation with age and significant relationship with body mass.

Objective To compare the curative effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in lumbar disc herniation.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI. Two authors reviewed all articles individually. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of retrospective studies was evaluated by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The data was extracted by the Review Manager 5.30.Results A total of 19 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis. The outcomes were divided into primary outcomes and secondary outcomes. Excerpt for the short-term VAS score was lower in PELD group (P = 0.010), other index, including long-term VAS score (P = 0.120), ODI score (P = 0.260), complication (P = 0.100) and recurrence (P = 0.100), didn't had significant difference in two groups. The blood loss (P = 0.000), hospital stay (P = 0.000) and the length of incision (P = 0.000) were all superiority in PELD group. Whereas the operative time was shorter in MED group (P = 0.001).Conclusion PELD was a more minimally invasive and secure technique in lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To investigate whether the amount of blood transfusion affects the lengths of stay (LOS),costs,and outcomes of hospital patients or not,and to prepare for the execution of patient blood management.Methods The data of hospital patients,who had been administrated with blood in our hospital during 2016,were collected.And the influence of blood transfusion volume on LOS,costs and outcomes of patients was analyzed retrospectively.Results LOS,costs and outcomes of patients vary significantly with the amount of blood transfusion (P＜0.01).There were positive correlations between the total amount of blood transfusion and LOS,costs,and outcomes of patients.The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.317,0.497,0.290,respectively (P＜0.01).Plasma preparation transfusion volume has a great influence on LOS,costs,and outcomes than red blood cell (P＜0.05).The transfusion volume of death patients was significantly higher than that of the survival (P＜0.01).In particular,the amount of transfused plasma and precipitation was distinctly higher than that in death patients(P＜0.01).Conclusion Blood transfusion volume affects LOS,costs and outcomes of hospital patients.The administration of plasma preparations should deserve more attention.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the curative effect of reconstruction of the hand and foot defects with bones and tendons exposure using free medial sural artery perforator flap(MSAP). MethodsRadiographs of 2 cadavers injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture were digitally analyzed. Between April 2007 and December 2010, thirty-four patients with soft tissue defects in the distal limb were treated with the free MSAP flap transplantation. The sizes of the defect ranged 6 cm × 4 cm-13 cm × 8 cm, and the flaps ranged 7 cm× 5 cm-14 cm × 9 cm. These clinical cases included 25 hands and 9 feet, all of them with bones and tendons exposure.In these defects,twenty-two were clean,twelve got infections.In our cases, twenty-three flaps were nourished with single perforator vessel and else 11 with two;perforator vessel fifteen flaps were dissected one superficial vein to anastomose with that of the recipient sites in addition to accompanying vein anastomosis;The sensation of 9 flaps recovered the hands were reconstructed with cutaneous nerve anastomosis. ResultsA partition of the calf skin blood vessels,and three-dimensional reconstruction image of the sural artery were obtained.All flaps survived,five of them appeared partially violet and bubbles. Followed up 6-21 months, the cosmetic results were satisfactory and without apparent bulkiness.The flap colors were similar to recipient sites. The flap senses reconstructed with neural anastomosis recover to S2-S3. ConclusionThe new flap is very suitable to repair the soft tissue defect in the distal limbs,because the fairly constant perforator vessel,the reliable blood supply and the cosmetic shape of the MSAP flap are all advantages of it in addition to no damage to low leg chief artery and gastrocnemius.

This study was aimed to investigate the research on pharmacological effects, relevant ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs. Literatures on pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs were collected, summarized and analyzed. The results showed that most Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs had obvious effects of anti-microbial, anti-bacterial endotoxin, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effect. It also had obvious antivenomous and analgesia effect. Based on research ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs, we clarified the confusion species as soon as possible, and adhered to the whole animal experiments in combination with in vitro experiments and computer molecular docking simulations for the complementation of each other. It was concluded that the study on pharmacological effects of Guangdongnative heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs provided strong support in its clinical application. Ideas and methods provided in this article was the main way to explain pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs.

uate and should be standardized.