Alveolar fluid transport is closely associated with neonatal lung development neonatal respiratory diseases,such as wet lung,pulmonary hyaline membrane disease,pneumonia,which are related with decreased lung fluid transport.This review introduces the characteristics of neonatal pulmonary fluid balance,including lung fluid secretion and absorption equilibrium,list clinical factors which can increase pulmonary fluid,explain important lung fluid transport mechanisms and their regulations.Inhaling beta agonists or glucocorticoid is a viable therapeutic strategy.

Tumor dormancy is a state that tumor cells long-term exist in human body,without obvious growth. Dormant cell is one of the origins of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The exact mechanism of tumor dor-mancy is still unclear. Combined with cellular and molecular biological techniques,tumor cell transplantation and culture in vitro can establish experimental tumor dormancy-recurrence models. These in vivo and in vitro models can be used to investigate mechanisms of tumor dormancy and to explore novel treatments.

BACKGROUND: The structural and functional changes in resistance arteriole of external diameter ＜300 μm is one of the pathological foundations for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, however there are few quantitative study on the arterioles of various external diameter at different brain area.OBJECTIVE: To probe the difference of arteriolar sclerosis of various external diameter at different brain area after cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Sample investigation.SETTING: Department of Nerve Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.SUBJECTS: Specimen was taken from donated autopsy case in General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1980 to September 2000. According to the clinical manifestation, brain CT inspection and pathological diagnosis of autopsy, 38 cases were defined as arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and taken as experimental group, other 15 cases with non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were taken as controls.METHODS: specimen was obtained in 1-3 days after death from frontal and parietal cerebral cortex and basal gonglion white matters (3 pieces /case) and cut into slices. Five fields of vision were selected from each slice for microscopic observation. Arteriole was divided into ＜ 50 μm group,50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group according to the arteriole external diameter. (External diameter- internal diameter)/internal diameter was used to assess vascular sclerosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Difference of arteriole sclerosis between corresponding external diameter cerebral infarction group and control group. [2] Arteriole sclerosis in various brain region in cerebral infarction group.RESULTS: Totally 38 experimental cases died from arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and 15 controls died from non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were enrolled and all data was entered the result analysis. [1] The arteriolar sclerosis index was obviously higher in ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group than in 50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group[(138.55±76.67)% vs (116.82±58.80)%, (78.07±32.06)%, P ＜ 0.01], while it was approximately the same in the 100 μm external diameter group and control group [(78.07±32.06)% vs (46.38±13.41)%, P=0.174 ]. [2] In ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group, the arteriolar sclerosis index in white matters was significantly higher than that in gray matter [(152.86±87.83)%,(127.97±64.76)%, P ＜ 0.05 ].CONCLUSION: Arteriolar sclerosis degree is correlated with its external diameter and position in patients with cerebral infarction after arteriosclerosis, arteriole of small external diameter or in the white matter has higher arteriolesclerosis liability.

Objective To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in early pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to confirm the rationality of the new standard for GDM diagnosis in early pregnancy set by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).Methods Clinical materials of 2761 pregnant women without diabetes mellitus,who accepted prenatal cares in Peking University First Hospital from April 1,2011 to December 31,2011,were collected and analyzed.The difference between FPG levels of GDM and non-GDM women was compared.According to the early pregnancy FPG level,the subjects were divided into group A (FPG＜5.1 mmol/L,n=2431) and B (FPG≥5.1 mmol/L,n=330).The incidence of GDM and pregnant outcomes of the two groups were compared with t or Chi-square test.Relationship between FPG and GDM was analyzed by Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results (1) Among the 2761 subjects,515 were diagnosed as GDM (18.7％) and the early pregnancy FPG level in GDM group was significantly higher than that in non-GDM group [(4.84±0.46) mmol/L vs (4.57 ± 0.35) mmol/L,t =11.924,P =0.000].In early pregnancy,the risk of GDM increased by 7.984-fold (OR=8.984,95％CI:6.605-12.220) with every 1 mmol/L increase of the FPG level.(2) The diagnostic rate of GDM during mid-and last-trimester in group A (15.2％,370/2431) was lower than that of group B (43.9％,145/330),x2 =123.976,P =0.000.(3) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FPG in early pregnancy and diagnosis of GDM:The largest area under the curve was 0.718 (95％ CI:0.690-0.747).The sensitivity and specificity were 0.600 and 0.612,or 0.735 and 0.726 respectively,when 4.795 mmol/L or 4.785 mmol/L were set as the cut-off value.(4) Among the 1208 cases delivered,GDM was diagnosed in 227 cases.The cesarean section rate (54.2％,123/227) of GDM women was higher than that (39.2％,385/981) of non-GDM women (x2 =16.884,P=0.000).There were no differences in the incidences of macrosomia,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,low birthweight infant,premature delivery,fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia between GDM and non-GDM group (all P＞0.05).The incidence of premature birth in GDM women with FPG＜ 5.1 mmol/L was lower (5.8％,10/173) than that (14.8％,8/54) of women with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L (x2=4.601,P＜0.05).The incidence of cesarean section,insulin administration,macrosomia and preeclampsia increased from low FPG group to high FPG group,however there was no statistical significances.Conclusions Diagnosing GDM with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L in early pregnancy is not recommended as over diagnosis might happen.But this cut-off value might indicate that the patient are at risk of GDM,and this population should not be ignored.

Centering on hospital crisis communication management,the paper analyzed the relationship between hospital crises and new media environment.The new media form is studied as the basic dimension,to explore the new media′s timeliness,openness,interactivity and uncontrollability,as well as their impact on the hospital crisis management.It discussed the lack of hospital crisis communication management under the context of new media environment,and proposed how the hospitals make use of the new media,and adjust their strategies to respond to the crisis.These points prove both academic and practical for the construction of the new mechanism of China ’s hospital crisis communication management,and encourage the new media to play their social public functions.

The ongoing health reform features direct hosting of county-level hospitals by provincial level hospitals as an important means and effective attempt to improve comprehensive service capacity of the former.This paper introduces the“Hanchuan Model”,in which Hubei People’s Hospital has hosted Hanchuan city People’s Hospital,and analyzed the operation performance and hurdles found.Based on such studies,the authors recommend on the vertical integration of medical resources by means of hosting, and comprehensive reforms of county public hospitals.

Objective To enable medical institutions and personnel in the case of a medical encroachment dispute to provide precise proof in court, use standard format for the legal complaint, employ the appropriate proofgathermg method, ensure the simplicity of the proof-providing procedure, and avoid the waste of manpower and material resources and the liability of economic compensations in the course of compromise settlement, mediation by the health administrative department or adjudication by the court. Methods Regulations were laid down within the hospital for proof-providing procedures, methods, contents, the contents and format of legal complaints and reply letters, and documents in preparation for the provision of proof. Results Through the handling of over 900 medical encroachment disputes, the above methods proved to be practical, applicable and up to the standard. They could save the time of the hospital, the patient and the lawyer on blind surveys, reduce proof-providing time, and improve efficiency in handling medical encroachment disputes. Conclusion Standardizing proof-providing procedures, methods, and contents and the format of legal complaints or reply letters is of great significance in improving efficiency in handling medical encroachment disputes and reducing the hospital's chances of losing lawsuits.

Table tennis as an exercise can meet the basic principles for mentally retarded children rehabilitation. Some empirical data showed that it is effective on varying degrees of mentally retardation. In addition, it is valuable in some other aspect, such as politics, economy, culture, and education.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of nutritional support for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and malnutritional patients during perioperative period.Methods The clinical data of 283 HIV-infected patients who were admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from October 2008 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into malnutritional group and non-malnutritional group according to nutritional condition before operation.Twenty-eight patients with malnutrition (7 patients did not receive perioperative nutritional support due to emergency operation,and they were excluded from the study) and 248 patients in normal nutritional status were enrolled in the study.Nutritional support was given for 5-7 days before operation for patients with malnutrition,and all patients received nutritional support after operation.Differences in the immune function,nutrional status,the incidences of surgical incisional infection and sepsis,and perioperative mortality between the 2 groups were compared.Measurement data were analyzed using the paired t test,and the enumeration data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results The levels of CD4,CD8 and hemoglobin in patients with malnutrition were (205 ± 24)× 106/L,(559 ± 55)× 106/L and (103 ± 24)g/L after perioperative nutritional support,which were significantly higher than (150 ± 33) × 106/L,(491 ± 45) × 106/L and (97 ± 19)g/L before nutritional support (t =-2.561,-1.302,-1.349,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CD4,CD8 and hemoglobin were (197 ± 43) × 106/L,(547 ± 52) × 106/L and (103 ± 22) g/L at postoperative day 14,which were decreased compared with those after nutritional support,while no significant difference was detected (t =-1.108,0.600,-0.148,P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of incisional infection in patients with malnutrition was 42.9％ (12/28),which was lower than 45.2％ (112/248) of patients in normal nutritional status,with no significant difference (P ＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative sepsis and perioperative mortality were 75.0％ (21/28)and 3.6％ (1/28) in patients with malnutrition after operation,which were significantly higher than 32.7％ (81/248)and 0.8％ (2/248) in patients in normal nutritional status (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mobidity of HIV-infected patients is high,and nutritional support for HIV-infected patients during perioperative period can improve their immunity.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of L-carnitine in prevention and treatment of toxicity of LFP chemotherapy with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods60 cases of gastrointestinal cancer were divided into 2 groups according to the admission date. The treatment groups received LFP chemotherapy and L-carnitine, while the control group received LFP chemotherapy alone.Both groups received 3 cycles chemotherapy. The gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, hematologic toxicity and physical state were compared.ResultsThere were 12 cases of peripheral neurotoxicity in treatment group,the incidence rate was 40.0 ％;but in control group there were 21 patients, and the incidence rate was 70.0 ％. There was a significant difference between the two groups(x2=5.4545,P =0.0195). Anemia in the treatment group was 56.7 ％ (17/30); in the control group the rate was 86.7 ％ (26/30).There was a significant difference between the two groups (x2 =6.698,P =0.0351).After chemotherapy,in the treatment group,there were 4 cases with increasing Karnofsky score ≥ 10,19 patients whose Karnofsky score did not change,and 7 cases with reduced Karnofsky score ≥ 10; in the control group,there was 1 case with increasing Karnofsky score ≥ 10,13 cases with Karnofsky score no changing,and 16 cases with reduced Karnofsky score ≥ 10.The changes in physical state of two groups had a significant difference(x2 =5.711,P =0.0169).The gastrointestinal toxicity,thrombocytopenia,and neutropenia of two groups had no significant difference.ConclusionL-carnitine can reduce peripheral neurotoxicity and hematologic toxicity,improve the patient's physical state in patients received LFP chemotherapy.