Objective To observe the treatment effect of cetylpyridinium chloride gargle on the oral candidi-asis infection.Methods According to the selection of different drugs,88 cases with candidiasis infection were divided into the cetylpyridinium chloride gargle treatment group and the compound chlorhexidine gargle control (control group),44 cases in each group.The oral pain improvement,oral mucosal atrophy,swollen gums bleeding,microscopy positive rate,colony number and patients with oral erythema score,clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed and compared in the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.5%,which was significantly higher than 77.3% in the control group(χ2 =8.063,P =0.019),and the difference was statistically significant.After treatment,mucosal atrophy and erythema scores of the treatment group were significantly better than control group,and there were statistically significant differences (t =6.142,P =0.033;t =6.554,P =0.044).After treatment,the number of colonies and microscopic examination positive rate of the treatment group were better than those of the control group,and with statistical significance (χ2 =11.596,P =0.019;χ2 =6.994,P =0.031 ). Conclusion Cetylpyridinium chloride gargle in the treatment of oral candidiasis infection disease not only has signifi-cant effect and can effectively reduce the pain of patients with oral,reduce the incidence of adverse reaction,it is safe and reliable,it is worth popularization and application in oral candidiasis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of SHENG JI YU HONG herbs loading on modified gelatin sponges on the wound healing of mechanical trauma.Methods The round size of 1.8cm diameter of full thickness back skin was cut mechanically and covered with petrolatum gauzes,modified gelatin sponges,SHENG JI YU HONG plasters and SHENG JI YU HONG herbs loading on modified gelatin sponges respectively.On day3,day7 and day14 after model mading,the wound surface healing rate,the amount of hydroxyproline,hemoglobin,the number of capillaries and the cells with positive rhVEGF165 by immunochemical method inside granulation of the wound were detected individually.Results On day3,the wound surface healing rate and the number of capillaries and the cells with positive rhVEGF165 of SHENG JI YU HONG herbs loading on modified gelatin sponges were significant enhanced than those in the other groups.On day14,all the experimental indicators of SHENG JI YU HONG herbs loading on modified gelatin sponges were better than those in the other groups with P

Objective To investigate the effects of normobaric hyperoxia intervention on learning and memory abilities of valproic acid(VPA) autism model rats and the morphology of pyramidal cells in hippocampus CA1 area.Methods Animal model groups of autism were obtained in male offspring of the Wistar rats that received intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg VPA at the 12.5 day after pregnancy.According to the eye opening time,behavior,weaning weight and the learning and memory abilities which were evaluated by the Y electricity maze test at the 28th day after birth,40 male VPA autism model rats were randomly selected 20 only and divided into normobaric hyperoxia model group (group A,n =10),atmospheric air model group (group B,n =10).Normal control groups were obtained in male offspring of Wistar rats that received intraperitoneal injection of equivalent physiological saline at the same period pregnancy.(group C,n =10).Rats in group A were treated with oxygen for 1 h per day and lasted 1 week;group B and C were treated with normal air.The learning and memory abilities of three groups were assessed at the 35th day after birth.The immunohistochemistry methods and image analysis were used to observe the pyramidal cells of autism model rats in hippocampal CA1 region.The effect of normobaric hyperoxia therapy on pyramidal cell of autism model rats in hippocampal CA1 region were evaluated by HE staining technique.Results The trying times of group A after treatment were less than those before treatment (31.15 ± 0.99 vs 31.54 ± 0.97,t =2.739,P =0.018).The memory times were more than those before treatment (3.00± 0.58 vs 2.69 ± 0.48,t =-2.309,P =0.040).The trying times of group A after treatment were less than those in group B after treatment (P =0.016).The memory times of group A were not different from that in group B after treatment(P=0.810).The morphology of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 region showed that the pyramidal cells of the autism model rats had apoptosised.The number of apoptotic cells reduced and the number of normal form cells increased after the normobaric hyperoxia intervention compared with the autism model rats.Conclusion Normobaric hyperoxia intervention can improve the learning and memory abilities of the autism model rats.The apoptosis of the pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 might be reduced after the normobaric hyperoxia intervention.

BACKGROUND:Compared with mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and fat, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as one of the most potential cellsources to repair the central nervous system, are easy-based, more primitive, and not limited by ethical and legal.
OBJECTIVE:To explore differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells induced by the recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor and recombinant human epidermal growth factor.
METHODS:The human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced by basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in vitro. The cellmorphology was observed by invert microscope. The differentiation status was detected by immunofluorescence. The Nestin expression in mRNA level before and after induction was detected by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The neural stem cellbal s were observed after induction. And the Nestin was detected by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. Nestin could further differentiate to the neuronal markproteins neuron-specific enolase, microtubule-associated protein 2 protein and glial fibril ary acidic protein. Results from this study show that basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor can induce human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate to neural stem cells, neurons and glial cells.

Objective Refractory constipation,when complicated with megacolon,is difficult to manage.This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of different preoperative nutritional therapies on refractory constipation patients complicated with megacolon.Methods Patients of refractory mixed constipation complicated with megacolon receiving surgical interventions between 2006 Jun and 2011 Jun were enrolled.Perioperafive nutrition support was evaluated in terms of postoperative recovery.Results 78 constipation patients received therapies of NPM,gastrointestinal decompression and total parenteral nutrition during the first 7-14 days.34 patients retained intestine patency and after 2 weeks of enteral nutrition therapy,they (enteral nutrition group) successfully received selective surgery.The other 44 patients (non-enteral nutrition group) received emergency surgery after correcting homeostasis.The surgical procedures included Jinling procedure (n =45),Jinling procedure plus ileostomy (n =6),total colectomy plus ileum-rectum side-to-side anastomosis (n =18) and total colectomy plus ileostomy (n =9).EN group patients had a significant low rate of pneumonia (0％ vs 11.4％),anastomotic leakage (0％ vs 11.4％),anastomotic bleeding (2.9％ vs 18.2％) and ostomy (0％ vs 34.1％),compared with N-EN group.At one month follow up,the nutrition status was significantly better in EN group than that in N-EN group.Condusions Refractory constipation complicated with megacolon required surgical intervention.Recovering the intestinal patency and receiving enteral nutritional support therapy preoperatively benefits patient's recovery.

Objective Whether the bone marrow cells (BMC) derived from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could transmit autoimmune disease was studied for the purpose of clarifying the role of BMC in SLE pathogenesis.The effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from SLE and control mice on the SLE BMC-induced symptoms were compared to elucidate the role of MSC in SLE.Methods Six-week-old B6.MRL-Fas mice were randomly divided into 3 groups.One group was transplanted with BMC from the 30-week-old B6.MRL-Faslg mice.One group was co-transplanted with BMC from the 30-week-old B6.MRL-Fasr mice and bone marrow MSC from the age-matched B6.MRL-Faslpr mice.One group was co-transplanted with BMC from the 30-week-old B6.MRL-Faslg mice and bone marrow MSC from the age-matched C57BL/6 mice.Before transplantation,the recipient mice received irradiation by an X-ray source.The levels of serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and proteinuria were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Bradford method every 4 weeks,respectively.The survival rate was recorded.All mice were sacrificed 18 weeks later.Splenic plasma cells,Th1,Th2 and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry.Statistical analyses were performed using the independent t test and ANOVA.Results Eight weeks after transplantation,ANA was positive in all the recipient mice.However,there was no significant difference between the three groups (P＞0.05).No proteinuria was observed in all the recipient mice.The mice received BMC from the 30-week-old B6.MRL-Fasr mice and bone marrow MSC from the age-matched B6.MRL-Fasr mice showed an elevated trend of the percentages of splenic plasma cells,Th1,Th2 and Th17 cells compared with the other two groups,plasma cells [(1.05±0.16)％,(0.58±0.11)％,t=2.53,P＞0.05;(1.05±0.16)％,(0.71±0.18)％,t=1.45,P＞0.05],Th1 cells [(6.6±2.2)％,(5.7±1.0)％,t=0.38,P＞0.05;(6.6±2.2)％,(4.0±1.7)％,t=0.96,P＞0.05],Th2 cells [(3.3±0.4)％,(2.1±0.6)％,t=1.76,P＞0.05;(3.3±0.4)％,(2.2±0.6)％,t=1.51,P＞0.05],Th17 cells [(2.30±0.71)％,(1.31±0.31)％,t=1.27,P＞0.05;(2.30±0.71)％,(1.12±0.27)％,t=1.67,P＞0.05].However,there was no significant difference between the groups.The survival rate of the three groups was 43％,43％ and 80％ respectively.And the survival rate of the mice received BMC from the 30-week-old B6.MRL-Fasr mice and bone marrow MSC from the age-matched C57BL/6 mice was significantly higher than those of the other groups.Conclusion Our results indicate that BMC from SLE can transmit autoimmune disease.The bone marrow MSC can not prevent lupus-like presentations induced by BMC from SLE.Transplantation of bone marrow MSC from C57BL/6 mice can significantly elevate the survival rate.

Objective To investigate and compare the effects of etomidate or propofol on spatial cognitive,exploring,learning and memory abilities and hippocampus tissue in rapid development period of rats.Methods Thirty-nine SD rats with anage from 17 to 18 days were randomly divided into group C(10 ml/kg of normal saline),group E(5 mg/kg of etomidate),group P(50 mg/kg of propofol)(n=13).They were all single injected intraperitoneally.The tests of cognitive function were performed in Open Field Test(OFT),Hole Board Test and Ymaze Test at 3 hours postanesthesia awake.HE staining method was uesed to observe the morphology of hippocampus neuron tissue and immunohistochemistry(IHC) method was uesed to detect the expression of aspartic acid specificity cysteine protease (caspase-3) in hippocampal neurons.Results In the OFT,there was no significant difference between group C((3.70 ± 1.06)s,(39.10 ± 11.89)s)and group E,P((4.40 ±2.01)s and (4.60 ± 1.96) s,(37.90 ± 11.88) s and (36.30 ± 15.68) s) about the retention time in central check and the locomotion (P ＞ 0.05).In the Hole Board Test,the rats of groups E and P(12.00 ± 3.13,10.00 ± 2.79) about the times of rats stretch into the hole were significant different comparing with group C(16.30 ±4.62) (P＜0.05).In the Ymaze Test,compared with group C,the group E in the right number and total reaction time were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).The right number of group P (9.80 ± 2.39) were obviously decreased as compared with group C(13.30 ±2.00)(P ＜ 0.01),and there also had significant difference between group E and group C (P ＜0.05).In addition,the total reation time between group P ((82.30 ± 10.20) s) and group C ((67.70 ± 12.18) s) was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).In HE staining,there were obvious changes in group E and P.In IHC,the expression of caspase-3 between groups C,E and P,there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Single intraperitoneal injection of etomidate can make a transient effects for the rapid development period of rats ' ability of exploration,but have no obvious influence of the spatial cognition and learning and memory abilities.And etomidate lead less influence on newborn rat behavior and hippocampal tissue than propofol.

Objective To study the sonographic features of mammary sclerosing adenosis (SA) and evaluate the diagnositic value of ultrasound. Methods Thirty-ifve patients with pathologically conifrmed SA in Ruijin Hospital from May 2009 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon was introduced to describe the lesions. The diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed. Results The main sonographic ifndings of SA could be characterized into three types:(1) malignancy-looking nodule type (typeⅠ) (34%, 12/35). (2) benignity-looking nodule type (typeⅡ) (43%, 5/35). (3) architectural disorder type (typeⅢ) (23%, 8/35). Lack of blood supply has the greatest value in differential diagnosis among all sonographic features. The diagnositic sensitivity in typeⅠ, typeⅡ, typeⅢwere 0 (0/12), 93%(14/15), and 75%(6/8) respectively. The general sensitivity was only 57%(20/35). Conclusions There are no typical sonographic features in mammary sclerosing adenosis. Ultrasound doctors should improve their knowledge about this disease.

Combining with advances in optogenetics and feedback control of physiological function, we have utilized self-made PPDP (preview, presentation, demonstration, promotion) teaching method to clarify how various physiological functions are regulated by the nervous system and carried out physiological innovation experiment activities. The innovative experiments aim to cultivate students' self-study capability, broaden their vision, enhance their interest in physiology, and finally promote the effect of physiological theory teaching. We herein summarize our practice of closed-loop control of innovative experimental teaching in optogenetics from the following four facets: education concept, students and teacher resources, teaching design, and teaching experience. This summary is trying to explore new experiences of promoting students' participation in teaching activities and improving the teaching quality of physiology.

Objective:To explore whether sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus affect the senescence of MSCs, and which signaling pathway might be involved in.Methods: Human sera were collected from sex-matched,age-matched active SLE patients (n=6) and healthy volunteers (n=6).Then the complement was inactivated at 56℃ for 30 min.MSCs were cultured in DMEM/F12 containing 10% SLE or normal serum.Three days later MSCs were stained with SA-β-gal.The percentages of SA-β-gal positive cells were evaluated.The mRNA levels of p53 and p21 were detected by Real time PCR.The protein levels of p53/p21 and NF-κB ( p65) were examined by Western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 assay.Results: Compared with normal serum, MSCs from either healthy controls or SLE patients showed more SA-β-gal positive cells in SLE serum,as well as higher levels of p53/p21.In addition,SLE serum also inhibited the capacity of MSC proliferation.In MSCs treated with SLE serum, the level of NF-κB (p65) protein was significantly upregulated.Conclusion:SLE serum can promote the senescence of bone marrow MSCs,which might be mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway.