BACKGROUND: International research discovers that the risk factors of stroke have certain correlation with microalbuminuria(MAU) but the results are inconsistent.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the incidence of MAU in patients with acute cerebral infarction and the risk factor of stroke and the recurrence of cerebral infarction.DESIGN: A case-control study based on patients with acute cerebral infarction and individuals with risk factors of cerebral infarction, and the healthy elderly as controls.SETTING: Inpatient department of neurology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 214 cases with cerebral infarction or risk factors of cerebral infarction aged between 50 and 80 years old were selected from the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2000 and December 2001. Acute cerebral infarction group (infarction group, attack within one week, n =78), cerebral infarction risk factor group(risk group, n = 56), such as, hypertension, diabetes,coronary heart disease (CHD), transient ischemic attack(TIA) or stroke history(more than 6 months), and healthy elderly(control group, n=28) .Thereinto, combined group( n = 109) included 78 cases of acute cerebral infarction and 31 cases with TIA or stroke history of risk factors.METHODS: Seralbumin, serum creatine(SCr), blood sugar, total cholesterol, total triacylglycerol(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were detected after more than 12 hours of fasting. The albumin in the first urine in the morning was detected by radio-immunity analysis.the incidence of neo-vascular affair in 2 years of follow-up including recurtute indicator: incidence of MAU in each group.RESULTS: Patients with MAU accounted for 35% of acute cerebral infarction, which were significantly higher than that of risk group(15% ) and control group(3.5%, P ＜ 0.01). Six independent risk factors predicting MAU existed in infarction group and combined group, which were diabetes, seralbumin level, age, CHD, hypertension, and HDL-C( P ＜ 0. 05, or P ＜ 0.01).After(1.5 ±0. 9) years of follow-up, 23% of patients of infarction group suffered from recurrent vascular accident, which was significantly higher than that of risk group(12% ) and control group(0%, P ＜ 0.01 ). 36% of MAU patients in infarction group suffered from recurrent vascular accident, which was significantly different from that of patients with a great deal of albuminuria(41% ) and normal albuminuria(10%, P ＜ 0. 05). MAU is the independent predicting indicator for the recurrence of stroke after the control of diabetes and hypertension in patients of infarction group and risk group with the risk rate of 3.8 (95% CI, 1.2-13.5; P ＜0.05) or 4. 7(95%CI,1.4-16.7, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: MAU is quite common in acute cerebral infarction patients. After the adjustment of basic risk factors, MAU is the independent risk factor of the recurrence of cerebral infarction.

Objective To compare the effects of vasopressin and adrenaline on cerebral resuscitation in rats. Method Sixty male SD rats were used to set the animal model of cardiac arrest and were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group): sham operation group (sham-gro), negative control group (neg-gro), vasopressin group (vas-gro) and adrenaline group (adr-gro). Blood pressure was recorded, and brain tissue samples were obtained. Results There was no significant difference in the recovery rate between vas-gro and adr-gro 30 min after resuscitation (P ＜0.05). The mean blood pressure in vasgro was higher than that in adr-gro within 30 min (1,2, 5, 10, 20, 30 min) after restoration of spontaneous circulation. The measured MDA, SOD and GSH were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05) between each two groups among vas-gro, sham-gro and adr-gro. Conclusions The recovery rate was similar between vasopressin group and adrenaline group during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. However, vasopressin can to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a higher level after resuscitation, which can the increase the cerebral perfusion and reduce brain cell damage.

Chronic atrophic gastritis, which is the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, has no good effect in west-ern medicine treatment. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has achieved certain effect in recent years. This article mainly discussed from aspects of etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, therapies and for-mulas, acupuncture treatment, famous doctors’experiences, and integrative medicine treatment. The research pro-gress was summarized on TCM treatment and integrative medicine of this disease in recent 5 years.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect and clinical significance of Yangxue Qingnao granules(YQG) on MEP and SPECT of typical migraine patients METHODS:15 typical migraine patients took YQG for 20 days and received MEP before and after treatment,taking 15 healthy volunteers as control 5 patients in treatment group underwent SPECT before and after treatment RESULTS:The stimulating threshold value of MEP before treatment was lower than that after treatment and CMCT was longer than that after treatment The stimulating threshold values of the healthy volunteers had no changes and were higher than those of the typical migraine patients The qualitative analysis of the 5 SPECT showed that hypoperfusion areas occured at varying degrees and perfusion defect had got remarkable improvement after treatment CONCLUSION:YQG can effectively treat typical migraine and control it's attack

Objective To screen microsatellite DNA markers from genome of guinea pigs for further genetic quality control and gene-mapping of this species .Methods Microsatellite sequences were obtained by magnetic bead enrichment and genome database screening , and candidate loci were chosen to design primers .Thereafter , genomic DNA of 5 different guinea pig strains were employed to select polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers based on PCR amplification results .Re-sults A total of 304 microsatellite sequences were analyzed by magnetic bead enrichment and 125 primers were designed . One polymorphic microsatellite DNA marker and 17 specific sites ( no polymorphic was found ) were determined .By gene-mapping , 292 microsatellite sequences were obtained and 178 primers were analyzed , totally 25 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and 28 specific sites ( without polymorphics ) were discovered .Conclusions We obtained 26 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and 45 potential markers in guinea pigs , and these may lay a foundation for application of mic-rosatellite DNA markers in genetic quality control and gene-mapping of guinea pigs .

Objective To investigate the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in early pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to confirm the rationality of the new standard for GDM diagnosis in early pregnancy set by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).Methods Clinical materials of 2761 pregnant women without diabetes mellitus,who accepted prenatal cares in Peking University First Hospital from April 1,2011 to December 31,2011,were collected and analyzed.The difference between FPG levels of GDM and non-GDM women was compared.According to the early pregnancy FPG level,the subjects were divided into group A (FPG＜5.1 mmol/L,n=2431) and B (FPG≥5.1 mmol/L,n=330).The incidence of GDM and pregnant outcomes of the two groups were compared with t or Chi-square test.Relationship between FPG and GDM was analyzed by Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results (1) Among the 2761 subjects,515 were diagnosed as GDM (18.7％) and the early pregnancy FPG level in GDM group was significantly higher than that in non-GDM group [(4.84±0.46) mmol/L vs (4.57 ± 0.35) mmol/L,t =11.924,P =0.000].In early pregnancy,the risk of GDM increased by 7.984-fold (OR=8.984,95％CI:6.605-12.220) with every 1 mmol/L increase of the FPG level.(2) The diagnostic rate of GDM during mid-and last-trimester in group A (15.2％,370/2431) was lower than that of group B (43.9％,145/330),x2 =123.976,P =0.000.(3) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of FPG in early pregnancy and diagnosis of GDM:The largest area under the curve was 0.718 (95％ CI:0.690-0.747).The sensitivity and specificity were 0.600 and 0.612,or 0.735 and 0.726 respectively,when 4.795 mmol/L or 4.785 mmol/L were set as the cut-off value.(4) Among the 1208 cases delivered,GDM was diagnosed in 227 cases.The cesarean section rate (54.2％,123/227) of GDM women was higher than that (39.2％,385/981) of non-GDM women (x2 =16.884,P=0.000).There were no differences in the incidences of macrosomia,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,low birthweight infant,premature delivery,fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia between GDM and non-GDM group (all P＞0.05).The incidence of premature birth in GDM women with FPG＜ 5.1 mmol/L was lower (5.8％,10/173) than that (14.8％,8/54) of women with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L (x2=4.601,P＜0.05).The incidence of cesarean section,insulin administration,macrosomia and preeclampsia increased from low FPG group to high FPG group,however there was no statistical significances.Conclusions Diagnosing GDM with FPG≥5.1 mmol/L in early pregnancy is not recommended as over diagnosis might happen.But this cut-off value might indicate that the patient are at risk of GDM,and this population should not be ignored.

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Objective To assess the osteogenic ability after co-culture BMSC and ADSC in vivo and in vitro.Methods ADSC and BMSC were obtained by adherent screening method and enzymatic digestion method.Flow cytometry was used to confirm the phenotypes of ADSC and BMSC.Oil red O was used to induce MSC to fat.Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining were used in osteogenic group.This sample was divided into four groups,no-induced stem cells group;BMSC osteogenic induction group;ADSC osteogenic induction group;co-culture of BMSC and ADSC osteogenic induction group.ALP activities and Calcium absorbance were determined during different periods of osteogenic introduction.OCN and Runx2 expression level were tested via RT-PCR and western blot methods after osteogenic induction for 2 weeks.Furthermore,cells in each group were seeded on HA/CS/PLLA composite scaffolds,and the scaffolds with cells were planted into bone defects in rat models.The rats were sacrificed by overdose anesthesia at 8 weeks after surgery and the scaffolds were removed for further analysis.Results Oil red O staining demonstrated red after adipogenic induction.Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining showed flaky red under condition of osteogenic induction.There had no statistical change among each group after osteogenic induction for 3 days,and ALP activity significantly increased after osteogenic induction for 5 days.Meanwhile,the ALP activity in co-culture of BMSC and ADSC group was markedly higher than the other three groups.However,there had no significant change in A value of calcium absorbance among each group after osteogenic induction for 7 days,while it increased at 14th day and ALP activity in co-culture of BMSC and ADSC group was significantly higher than the other three groups.After osteogenic induction for 2 weeks,the mRNA expression of OCN and Runx2 in co-culture of BMSC and ADSC group was 78.24±8.11 and 1 180.13±121.16 respectively,and the protein expression of OCN and Runx2 was 6.54±0.59 and 4.43±0.51.These mRNA and protein expression level in co-culture of BMSC and ADSC group enhanced significant compared with the other 3 groups.Histological assay demonstrated that the new bone tissues formed in co-culture of BMSC and ADSC group were 497.75±7.44 μm2,which was larger than that in the other 3 groups at 8 weeks after implantation.Conclusion Co-culture BMSC and ADSC may up-regulated the osteogenic ability in vivo and in vitro.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of atlanto-axial pedicle screw plate and fusion in treatment of upper cervical injuries. [Methods]Fifty-six cases of upper cervical spine injuries were treated with atlanto-axial pedicle screw plate and internal fixation,with total 200 screws,from March 2000 to September 2007.There were 36 males and 14 females,with an average age of 41.52 years(ranged,20~65 years).There were 23 cases of type II odontoid process fracture,12 cases of odontoid process nonunion,15 cases of transverse ligament injury.[Results]Greater occipital nerve pain occurred in 4 cases postoperatively and fully recovered after treatment 1 month later.The lateral cortical bone was penetrated by screws in 2 cases,without spinal cord or vertebral artery injury.Forty-eight cases were followed up for an average of 27.56 months(ranged,25~60 months).Bone fusion was achieved in all cases,without plate or screw broken.X-ray showed complete replacement of atlas and odontoid process of axis fracture.CT showed good position relation between screw and vertebral artery or spinal cord.According to JOA classification,excellent result was achieved in 34 cases,good in 13 cases,fair in 2 cases,poor in 1 case,with the good-to-excellent rate of 94.00%.[Conclusion]Atlanto-axial pedicle screw combined with plate fixation system is effective in treatment of upper cervical injuries.It can significantly improve the biomechanical stability of atlantoaxial joint,with high bone graft fusion rate.

Objective To discuss the relationship between BMP-2 protein and possible mechanism and to compare the postive rate of two different imaging examinations in evaluating the epiphyseal plate involved by osteosarcoma.Methods Radiographic and MRI features of epiphyseal plate extension by osteosarcoma confirmed by pathology in 36 cases were analysed retrospectively.The expression of BMP-2 was detected with immunohistochemical SABC method in different part of specimen.Results The diagnostic accurate rate in evaluating the epiphyaeal plate extension from osteosarcoma by X-ray and MRI was 44.44% and 100% respectively.The positive reactive rate of BMP-2 in tumor body,epiphyseal plate soak district,normal epiphyseal plate and normal tissue nearby the tumor was 88.89%(32/36),99.44%(34/36),10.00%(1/10) and 20.00%(2/10) respectively.Conclusion MRI is more sensitive to radiography in evaluating the epiphyseal plate involved by osteosarcoma,the higher positive reactive rate of BMP-2 protein is correlated to the epiphyseal plate extension of osteosarcoma.