Objective To discuss the agreement between pulse pressure variation of radial artery and pulse pressure variation of dorsal pedalartery in neurosurgery.Methods Twenty-five patients undergoing selective craniotomy under general anesthesia were enrolled.The following data were monitored and recorded respectively after tracheal intubation general anesthesia under different time:radial artery pulse pressure variability (PPV1) and dorsalis pedis pulse pressure variation (PPV2).Tidal volume was set to 8 ml/kg.Bland-Altman plots were created to assess agreement between PPV1 and PPV2.Results The mean differences and the limits of agreement between PPV1 and PPV2 are 20 min after induction of anesthesia 0.5% (-1.9%-2.8%), boneless flap instantly-0.5% (-3.8%-2.9%), Cut the dura mater instantly-0.1% (-3.2%-3.0%), and bone flap 0.1% (-2.4%-2.6%).Conclusion Dorsal pedal artery pulse pressure variation in neurosurgery craniotomy has certain guiding significance to the monitoring and management.

RET gene is an important oncogene,which is closely associated with the development of various types of human tumors. The mainly mechanisms of RET gene associated tumor are mutation and over-expression of wild type. Activated RET protein participates in the proliferation,apoptosis,metastasis through some signal pathways and influences the tumorigenesis and development.

Although the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has made considerable progress in recent years,its mortality and disability have not been effectively controlled.Ischemic brain injury after SAH is considered to be an important reason for the poor prognosis of patients; however,its mechanism is still not fully understood.Studies have shown that the cerebral microcirculation disturbance after SAH is closely associated with ischemic brain injury.This article reviews the advances in research on cerebral microcirculation disturbance and ischemic brain injury after SAH.

Objective To evaluate the heating ability of thermoseeds in alternating magnetic field and its therapeutic effects on tumor bearing rats with simultaneously detected immune function. Methods To monitor the temperature increase of thermoseeds in vitro,of which the Curie point was 57 ℃ or 70 ℃.Forty Wistar rats implanted with Walker-256 cells were randomly divided into five groups: C group(control group,10 rats),M group(magnetic control group,5 rats),T group(thermoseeds control group,5 rats) and two heating treatment groups(H1 group,10 rats and H2 group,10 rats).In the H1 group,two thermoseeds with a Curie point at 57 ℃ were implanted into the tumor tissues in each rat with a heating time of 30 minutes,while in the H2 group,two thermoseeds with a Curie point at 70 ℃ were used with a heating time of 6 minutes.Five rats from each group were killed 9 days after the heating therapy to evaluate the volume and weight of the tumor tissues.The peripheral blood T-cells were counted in the rest rats in the H1,H2,and C groups. Results Magnetic inductive heating of the thermoseeds in vitro can reach the Curie point.The median tumor volume in the H2 group was 0.50 cm3(0.00-26.54),which was significantly lower than that in the M group(36.18 cm3,0.96-39.90,Z=2.21,P=0.032).And the weight of the tumors in the H1 and H2 groups was significantly lower than that in the M group [0.96 g(0.00-21.18) in H1 and 0.41 g(0.00-23.40) in H2 vs 31.45 g(1.09-36.09) in M group,Z=2.21 and P=0.032 for both].In the peripheral blood,the percentage of CD4+ T-cells was(22.39?5.27)% in H1 group,and(24.76?5.19)% in H2 group,which were significantly higher than that in C group [(12.07?4.45)%,P=0.01 and 0.003 respectively];and the percentage of CD8+ T-cells in the H2 group was significantly higher than that in the C group [(19.58?4.63)% vs(12.72?3.96)%,P=0.04].Conclusions Thermoseed had a good heating ability in alternating magnetic field and its inductive heating can inhibit tumor growth in Wistar rats and improve the immune function of the rats.

OBJECTIVE:To find out the main problems about quality supervision over Chinese herbal pieces and effective su-pervision strategies. MEDTHODS:First,static and dynamic models of the game between the enterprises engaged in the production and business of Chinese herbal pieces and local food and drug administration were respectively established,to which pure strategy Nash equilibrium analysis and mixed strategy Nash equilibrium analysis were made. Next,the model of the game between the supe-rior regulatory authorities and the basic-level regulatory authorities was established,to which mixed strategy analysis was made to find out the supervision factors relevant to the quality safety of Chinese herbal pieces. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Based on the current situation of quality supervision over Chinese herbal pieces and the analysis results of the game models,it is suggested that at present the Chinese herbal medicine regulatory authorities of China should work hard to promote the reform of the supervision system,reduce supervision cost(including the guidance of the large-scale and centralized production of Chinese medicinal materi-als and unified appliance of approval number to the administration of Chinese herbal pieces),establish a systematic and comprehen-sive system of rewards and punishments,create a professional supervisor staff(including the strengthening of basic-level supervisor staff creation and the improvement of personnel's quality,the standardization of the law enforcement of regulatory authorities and the combination of proper power delegation to lower levels and strict supervision),and balance the relationship between the govern-ment and the public in supervision to increase the public's awareness of responsibility.

Objective:To evaluate the implementation effects of critical illness insurance of New Cooperative Medical System(NCMS) on the occurrence rate and economic burden of major disease expenditure.Methods:Based on the peasant household data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2014.the two-part model was applied to analyze the changes in major disease occurrence and burden after the implement of insurance.Results:NCMS critical illness insurance did not reduce the occurrence of critical disease expenditure,but signally cut down the economic burden of serious illness peasants in central and eastern China.Conclusion:The implementation effect of NCMS critical illness insurance was well in central and eastern China,but was poor in western China;the prevention and health care system of NCMS should be built,while the implementation plans and compensation level of critical illness insurance should be improved in western region.

Objective To investigate changes in the expression of prepro-orexin and orexin receptor-1 ( OX1R) following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) with or without preconditioning through electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FNS). Methods Wistar rats were subjected to permanent MCAO and randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham-operated control group (PO), an FNS preconditioning + shamoperated control group (FNS-PO) , an ischemia group, an FNS preconditioning + ischemia group (FNS-PI) and a cerebellar fastigial nucleus injury + FNS preconditioning + ischemia group (FNL-FNS-PI). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups according to the time at which the animals were sacrificed after the MCAO ( 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h).RT-PCR was used to detect expression of OX1R mRNA, and ELISA to measure the levels of orexin-A in the hypothalamus and plasma. Results The immunoreactivity of prepro-orexin decreased significantly in the PI groups, with further decreases over time. At the 12th h after MCAO, the immunoreactivity of prepro-orexin reached a minimum.There were significant differences between the rats in the PO and FNS-PO groups. On the contrary, the immunoreactivity of OX1R increased significantly in the PI groups, with further increases continuing over time, peaking at 12 h after the MCAO. There were significant differences between the PO and FNS-PO groups. In the rats with FNS preconditioning (PI-FNS) , the decrease in prepro-orexin and the increase in OX1R were significantly inhibited compared to the PI subgroups at the 6th and 12th hour. There was no significant difference between the FNL-PIFNS group and the PI group. The expression of OX1R mRNA increased significantly in the PI group, with further increases continuing over time, peaking at 24 hours. The plasma levels of orexin-A were not significantly different among the groups, but the levels of orexin-A in the hypothalamus decreased significantly in the PI and FNL-PI-FNS groups, with further decreases continuing over time. At the 12th h after the MCAO the levels were significantly different compared with the PO and PO-FNS groups. While in the rats with FNS preconditioning (PI-FNS) , the decrease in orexin-A level was reversed and there was no significant difference compared with PO and PO-FNS groups. Conclusions The orexinergic system is altered following cerebral ischaemia. FNS preconditioning may be able to regulate these changes.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yinzhihuang oral liquid in the adjuvant treatment of neo-natal breast-feeding faundice. METHODS:112 newborns with faundice were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Control group stopped breast-feeding for 3 d and given artificial feeding,as well as keeping warm,nutritional support, maintaining water and electrolyte and acid-base balance,blue light irradiation and severe patients were given liver protection,en-zyme inducers;observation group was additionally given Yinzhihuang oral liquid 10 ml,twice a day. The treatment course was 7 d. Clinical efficacy,and serum total bilirubin(TBIL)level before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment,TBIL level in 2 groups was significantly lower than before and gradually de-creased with time,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of 2 groups was no statistically significant(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,Yinzhihuang oral liquid can be used in the adjuvant treatment of neonatal breast-feeding faundice,with good efficacy and good safety.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mite allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) in treating children with allergic asthma. METHOD: A total of 136 patients with mite allergy were recruited into the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: SIT group (n = 66) and ST (symptomatic therapy) group (n = 70). They were investigated of SIT with standardized allergen vaccine or no SIT only symptomatic therapy respectively. Therapeutic evaluation index includes: asthma symptoms score, drug score, skin prick test, pulmonary function, serum specificity IgE (sIgE) and the new sensitization was also assessed. Local and systemic adverse reactions were used to evaluate the clinical safety. RESULT: Clinical symptom scores, drug scores, Lung function, and skin test result all improved significantly after the treatment with SIT compared to ST group (P < 0.01). SIT groups do not have new sensitization and no fatal systemic reactions occurred. CONCLUSION The standardized dust mite allergen specific immunotherapy is efficacious and safe to Children with allergic asthma . SIT can reduce house dust mites skin sensitivity and prevent new allergen appeared.
Adolescent ; Allergens ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; immunology ; therapy ; Child ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; therapy ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Male ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Safety ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Tests ; Vaccines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. METHOD A total of 68 patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma sensitized to dust mite were recruited into the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: SIT group n = 34 and symptomatic therapy (ST) group: n = 34. Patients in ST group received medication to treat, the symptoms, patients in SIT group received medication and 3 years of standardized allergen vaccine therapy. Evaluation index of therapy includes: rhinitis symptoms score, asthma symptoms score, drug score, skin prick test, serum specificity IgE (sIgE) , peripheral eosinophil (Eos) counting, lung function. The new sensitinogen rate was also assessed. RESULT: Clinical symptom scores, drug scores, lung function, blood eosinophil numbers and skin test result were all improved significantly after 3-year treatment in SIT group compared to those in ST group (P < 0.01). Although the level of serum slgE was decreased,there exited no statistic diferences between two groups. Only 8.8% patients have the new sensitization in SIT group, and 52.9% in ST group. There were no serious adverse reactions in treatment process. CONCLUSION SIT for patients with AR and asthma can obtain excellent clinical efficacy.
Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Leukocyte Count ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Tests