Objective The quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography ( QPEEG ) of many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such as carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenobarbital and topiramate but not levetiracetam (LEV), have been studied. This study is to investigate the effect of LEV on QPEEG. Methods One dose of LEV at l g was administrated to 12 healthy adults (6 males, average age at 26 years, average height at l.67 m). The EEG samples (of 180 seconds each) were obtained prior to and at regular intervals ( 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24 hours) after administration of LEV. The EEG activity was processed with the power spectral analysis and separated into different frequency bands. The absolute powers of both occipital and frontal lobes were calculated through 30 seconds epochs without artifacts for each recording. The statistical difference between baseline pre-drug control and each post-drug assessment was evaluated by the Wilcoxon matched-paired rank test. Results The power of α1-band and β-band increased bilaterally over both frontal and occipital lobes after the administration of LEV. There was no change of α2-band over bilateral frontal lobes, but increased in double peaks shape with the low point at the 6 hours after the administration. The power of α1-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 1.5 hours (18.8950, Z= -3.059, P=0.002) in the left front, 3 hours (18.6150, Z= -2.981, P =0.003)in the right front, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 hours (61.0233, 53.9425, 47.6192 and 51.8250 respectively, Z =-3.059, -3.059, -2.903 and -3.059, all P ＜ 0.01 ) in the left occipital, and 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours (53.5358, 56.8092, 50.3500 and 47.1733 respectively, Z = -2.903, -3.059, -3.059 and -2.981,all P ＜ 0.01 ) in the right occipital. The power of α2-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 3 hours (73.5450, Z = - 3.059, P = 0.002) in the left occipital, and 1, 3 hours (80. 6808 and 87. 1750, Z = -2.903 and - 3.059, P = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively ) in the right occipital. The power of β-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 3 hours (3.8000, Z = -3.059, P = 0.002) in the left front, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours (4.0408, 4.3217 and 4. 1050,Z= -2.903, -3.059 and -3.061, all P＜0.01) in the right frontal, 3 hours (9.1408, Z= -3.059,P =0.002) in the left occipital, and 1.5, 3 hours (8.9267 and 9.3033, Z = -2.981 and -2.981, both P = 0.003) in the right occipital. Conclusions LEV can change the background activity of QPEEG. The changes are different from those of the other AEDs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intraoperative pulmonary function in the patients undergoing urological retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in the mode of protective ventilation.Methods Forty patients of both sexes,aged 30-64 yr,with body mass index of 16-29 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotorny,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and PEEP group (group P).After induction of general anesthesia,the patients were endotracheally intubated.Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (tidal volume [Vr] 6 ml/kg,respiratory rate [RR] 12 breaths/min,inspiratory/expiratory ratio [I:E] 1:2,fraction of inspired oxygen 50％) was performed from the end of intubation until the onset of pneumoperitoneum.After the onset of pneumoperitoneum,the patients were ventilated (VT 6 ml/kg,RR 22 breaths/min,I:E 1.0:1.5),and the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg in group C.After the onset of pneumoperitoneum,the patients were ventilated (VT 6 ml/kg,RR 22 breaths/min,I:E1.0:1.5,PEEP 5 cmH2O),and the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at 35-45 mmHg in group P.At 5 min before pneumoperitoneum (T1),at 10,30 and 60 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2-4),immediately after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T5),and at 5 min before extubation (T6),arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis.Peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure were also recorded.Dynamic lung compliance,oxygenation index,respiratory index,dead space fraction and alveolararterial oxygen gradient were calculated.Results Compared with group C,mean airway pressure was significantly higher at T2-4,oxygenation index was significantly higher at T3,alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient difference was significantly lower at T3 and T6,and respiratory index was significantly lower at T6 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the peak airway pressure,dynamic lung compliance and dead space fraction at each time point in group P (P＞0.05).Conclusion PEEP (5 cmH2O) can improve the intraoperative pulmonary function in the patients undergoing urological retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in the mode of protective ventilation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the hemodynamic characteristics of time intensity curve(TIC) by contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and the expression of antigen Ki-67 of the 4 different clinic stages (T0 andTis,T1 ,T2,T3) in ductal carcinoma in order to predict the grade of the expression of antigen Ki-67 and clinic stages.Methods Masses founded in 80 cases proved by pathological test after resection or needle biopsy were divided into 4 groups base on clinic stages:group 1(T0 andTis) , group 2(T1),group 3(T2),and group 4(T3).Some parameters gained after analyzing TIC of CEUS would be used to make a rank correlation analysis with the expression grade of antigen Ki-67 through immunohistochemical diagnosis.A regression equation would be gained from those parameters which had a correlation with the expression grade of antigen Ki-67 (P < 0.05). Results Most TIC of ductal carcinomas were possessed of the characteristics of fast in and slow-out.Compared to the other three groups,group 4(T3) had significant differences in arrive time,time to peak,arrive intensity,peak intensity and area under curve.Compared to group 1(T0 andTis),group 4(T3) had significant differences in continuous time and rising curve's slope and group 3(T2) has significant differences in arrive intensity and area under curve. Parameters entered the regression equation through mult-variable linear regression analysis were arrive time,continuous time,peak intensity and rising curve's slope.R square was 0.83 1 and adjust R square was 0.822.Through the regression equation verification,5 cases accorded with the clinic stages standard of ductal carcinoma.Conclusions The hemodynamic characteristics of time intensity curve (TIC) by contrast enhanced ultrasound had a good correlation with the expression grade of antigen Ki-67 of the 4 different clinic stages in ductal carcinoma.The regression equation had a good explanatory and degree of fitting,it can be used to predict the expression grade of antigen Ki-67 and indirectly forecasts clinic stages of ductal carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the injury of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testes with contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Methods Twenty-eight male rabbits were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into the control group,the detorsion after 3 hours group,the detorsion after 6 hours group,the detorsion after 24 hours group and the permanent torsion group.There were 8 rabbits in the control group,and 5 rabbits in each of the other groups.Just before torsion,immediately after torsion,just before detorsion,immediately after detorsion,and delay(6-12 hours after detorsion.the permanent torsion group was also at the corresponding time),contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the perfusion of contralateral testes.The control group was also performed contrast-enhanced ultrasound just before the shame operation and immediately after that.The time-intensity curves were draw according to the contrastenhanced ultrasound images.The parameters including arrival time(AT),time to peak intensity(TTP),peak intensity(PI),half time of descending peak intensity(HT)were yielded automatically,and the changes of them were analyzed.Results①There was no significance of enhancement AT,TTP,PI,and HT between pre-operation and post-operation in the control group(P＞0.05).②When the parameters of immediately after torsion compared with those of before torsion in the groups of torsion,the perfusion was increased significantly displaying by PI increasing(P＜0.05).③The longer time the duration of unilateral testicular torsion,the more obviously the perfusion of the contralateral testes increased.Conclusions The timeintensity curve of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is valuable in assessing of the injury of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testis.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Digoxin on cardioventricular function in rats after simulated weightlessness.Methods Eighty rats were divided randomly into 5 groups:control(Con)group,tail-suspended+sham feeding(TS+SF)group,tail-suspended+Digoxin 2 wk(TS+D2)group and tail-suspended+Digoxin 3 wk(TS+D3)group.The TS+SF group was given the distilled water.At the end of tail-suspended for 3 weeks,the heart function of 10 rats in each group was examined with echocardiography.The level of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP)in serum was measured with immunoradiometric assay in other 6 rats.Results Compared with TS+SF group,the contractile function of LV improved in TS+D2 and TS+D3 groups(P0.05).Conclusion Digoxin can improve muscle contractile and blood ejection of LV and retard the tendency of atrophy in simulated weightlessness.

Objective To explore the evaluation value of serum Ghrelin and pleural effusion in patients with acute pancreatitis . Methods Eighty patients with acute pancreatitis treated in our hospital from February 2011 to February 2014 were divided into mild case group (31 patients) and severe case group (49 patients) according to the severity of the disease .Venous blood samples were collected at time point including :admission ,48h after admission and after discharge at empty stomach in the morning ,and CRP level ,WBC ,PCT level of patients were checked .The concentration of serum Ghrelin of patients were mensurated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and pleural effusion were diagnosed by sternum .Results Compared with the patients in the mild case group , serum Ghrelin ,CRP level ,APACHE score ,CT score and Ranson score were higher in the severe case group and the hospital day of patients in the severe case group was longer(P<0 .01) .The area under the curve of CRP level ,pleural effusion ,Ghrelin ,Ghrelin combined with pleural effusion of ROC were 0 .708 3 ,0 .749 6 ,0 .852 4 and 0 .910 8 .Ghrelin combined with pleural effusion has the best evaluation effect on the patients with acute pancreatitis .The sensibility ,specificity ,accuracy of CRP were 93 .6% ,69 .4% and 73 .7% ;the sensibility ,specificity ,accuracy of pleural effusion were 75 .2% ,88 .7% and 76 .8% ;the sensibility ,specificity ,accuracy of Ghrelin were 86 .9% ,88 .2% and 85 .3% ;the sensibility ,specificity ,accuracy of Ghrelin combined with pleural effusion were 90 .1% ,92 .6% and 91 .4% .Conclusion Serum Ghrelin and pleural effusion have high sensibility ,specificity and accuracy in pa‐tients with acute pancreatitis and has high clinical value .

Objective To investigate the influence of the liposome PGE1 on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the expanded flap.Methods The minipigs were set up as an animal model.They were divided into 2 groups.The expanded flaps (8 cm × 2 cm ) was designed and elevated on the back of the minipigs.An image analysis technology was used to evaluate the survival rate of the expanded flap,while a biochemistry method was used to detect the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA),myeloperoxidase (MPO) and microvessel density (MVD) in the tissue.Skin tempreture was measured after the drug administration.Results The survival area of the expanded flap in the Lipo PGE1 group was significantly enlarged (P＜0.05),compared with the control group.The MPO and MDA concen tration in the tissue was statistically different between two groups (P＜ 0.05),but there was no difference of the MVD concentration between two groups.The skin temperature was higher in the Lipo PGE1 group.Conclusions The Lipo PGE1 could promote survival rate in the expanded flap and protect it from ischemic injury.

Objective: To explore the relationship between stigma and mental resilience in adolescent epilepsy patients and associated factors, so as to provide reference for future psychological intervention in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Methods: A total of 295 adolescent patients with epilepsy from Wuhan Mental Health Center were enrolled as participants from February 2021 to October 2024. The stigma was evaluated by Kilifi Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (KSSE), and psychological resilience was evaluated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Associated factors of stigma and psychological resilience in adolescent patients with epilepsy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: In the adolescent patients with epilepsy, KSSE score was (10.90±4.13) points, with 138 cases (46.78%) at low level, 154 cases (52.20%) at moderate level and 3 cases (1.02%) at high level. CD-RISC score was (50.19±5.97) points, there were 170 cases (57.63%) at low level and 125 cases (42.37%) at high level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that disease course >3 years ( OR =2.22), family history of epilepsy ( OR = 4.18) , monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.05), single parent family ( OR =2.46) and middle and high stigma level ( OR = 1.72) had a higher risk on low level of mental resilience ( P <0.05). The course of disease >3 years ( OR =2.20), family history of epilepsy ( OR =3.54), general seizure ( OR =2.12), monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.70), low level of mental resilience ( OR =2.03) of adolescent epilepsy patients showed a high risk on moderate high level of stigma ( P <0.05). Conclusions The stigma level is higher, while psychological resilience is lower in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Clinically, targeted intervention should be implemented based on related factors such as stigma in addescent patients with epilepsy.

Objective:To study the protective effect and effect of SphK1 overexpression on the injury of nerve cells induced by acrylamide.Methods:ACR with 99% purity was prepared into 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L solutions. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (NC group) , experimental group and SphK1 activator group. The experimental group was given ACR solution with final concentration of 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L respectively for 24 h. In the SphK1 activator group, on the basis of the exposure concentration of the experimental group, the SphK1 specific activator (12-) phorbol tetradecanoate (-13-) acetate (PMA) solution[prepared by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , the final concentration was 100 nmol/l], and other treatments were the same as the experimental group. Control group (NC group) added PMA solution into normal cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SphK1 protein; CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells; hoechst33342 method was used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of cells.Results:Compared with NC group, the expression of SphK1 protein in the experimental group and the SphK1 activator group was significantly lower ( P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the expression of SphK1 protein in each concentration of SphK1 activator group was increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In addition to 1.25 mmol/L SphK1 activator group, compared with NC group, the relative growth survival rate of experimental group and 2.5 mmol/L SphK1 activator group were lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the relative survival rate of cells in the SphK1 activator group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . With the increase of exposure concentration, the cells in the experimental group showed the morphological characteristics of early apoptosis at ACR 1.25 mmol/L and late apoptosis at ACR 2.5 mmol/L. Compared with NC group, the apoptosis rate of experimental group and SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was significantly different ( P<0.05) ; compared with experimental group, the apoptosis rate of SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The SphK1 excessive expression plays the protective function to the nerve cell damage caused by acrylamide.

Objective:To study the protective effect and effect of SphK1 overexpression on the injury of nerve cells induced by acrylamide.Methods:ACR with 99% purity was prepared into 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L solutions. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (NC group) , experimental group and SphK1 activator group. The experimental group was given ACR solution with final concentration of 1.25 mmol/L and 2.5 mmol/L respectively for 24 h. In the SphK1 activator group, on the basis of the exposure concentration of the experimental group, the SphK1 specific activator (12-) phorbol tetradecanoate (-13-) acetate (PMA) solution[prepared by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , the final concentration was 100 nmol/l], and other treatments were the same as the experimental group. Control group (NC group) added PMA solution into normal cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SphK1 protein; CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells; hoechst33342 method was used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells; flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of cells.Results:Compared with NC group, the expression of SphK1 protein in the experimental group and the SphK1 activator group was significantly lower ( P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the expression of SphK1 protein in each concentration of SphK1 activator group was increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In addition to 1.25 mmol/L SphK1 activator group, compared with NC group, the relative growth survival rate of experimental group and 2.5 mmol/L SphK1 activator group were lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Compared with the experimental group, the relative survival rate of cells in the SphK1 activator group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . With the increase of exposure concentration, the cells in the experimental group showed the morphological characteristics of early apoptosis at ACR 1.25 mmol/L and late apoptosis at ACR 2.5 mmol/L. Compared with NC group, the apoptosis rate of experimental group and SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was significantly different ( P<0.05) ; compared with experimental group, the apoptosis rate of SphK1 activator group at ACR 2.5 mmol/L was lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The SphK1 excessive expression plays the protective function to the nerve cell damage caused by acrylamide.