BACKGROUND:Flap transplantation technique is a commonly used surgical procedure for the treatment of severe tissue defects,but postoperative flap necrosis is easily triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury.Therefore,it is still an important research topic to improve the survival rate of transplanted flaps. OBJECTIVE:To review the pathogenesis and latest treatment progress of flap ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang Database and PubMed database were searched for relevant literature published from 2014 to 2024.The search terms used were"flap,ischemia-reperfusion injury,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,Ca2+overload,apoptosis,mesenchymal stem cells,platelet-rich plasma,signaling pathways,shock wave,pretreatment"in Chinese and English.After elimination of irrelevant literature,poor quality and obsolete literature,77 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flap ischemia/reperfusion injury may be related to pathological factors such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress response,Ca2+overload,and apoptosis,which can cause apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells,vascular damage and microcirculation disorders in the flap,and eventually lead to flap necrosis.Studies have found that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation,platelet-rich plasma,signaling pathway modulators,shock waves,and pretreatment can alleviate flap ischemia/reperfusion injuries from different aspects and to varying degrees,and reduce the necrosis rate and necrosis area of the grafted flap.Although there are many therapeutic methods for skin flap ischemia/reperfusion injury,a unified and effective therapeutic method has not yet been developed in the clinic,and the advantages and disadvantages of various therapeutic methods have not yet been compared.Most of the studies remain in the stage of animal experiments,rarely involving clinical observations.Therefore,a lot of research is required in the future to gradually move from animal experiments to the clinic in order to better serve the clinic.

ObjectiveTo carry out a health technology assessment （HTA） of acupuncture for secondary dysmenorrhea （SD） caused by adenomyosis and endometriosis， in order to provide a reference for relevant medical decision-making. MethodsFrom the perspective of the health system， the assessment covers seven areas， including the technical characteristics， safety， effectiveness， economics， ethical fairness， organizational adaptability， and impact on patients and society. The results are reported accordingly. ResultsThe operational specifications of acupuncture are standardized， and the conditions for its use are clearly defined. Acupuncture has a lower overall incidence of adverse events. The main adverse events are localized pain， subcutaneous bleeding， and dizziness， with most symptoms being mild， all of which have corresponding standard treatments. No reports on occupational or environmental safety were found， and the safety operation specifications are available for reference. Compared with conventional Western medicine， acupuncture demonstrates higher effectiveness. Acupuncture may improve the quality of life scores of patients， though no significant difference was observed. The cost of acupuncture is higher than that of conventional Western medicine， but its overall economic value is greater. The informed consent information is relatively comprehensive. Most patients are aware of the potential benefits and risks of acupuncture and voluntarily opt for it. The treatment process fully respects patient privacy and human rights. The clinical application of acupuncture follows the current acupuncture medical service model， with no special requirements for the level of medical institutions. Patient accessibility and affordability are suitable. Patient satisfaction is high. Most patients indicated they would choose acupuncture again for SD. The main barriers to choosing acupuncture are psychological factors （such as fear of acupuncture）， cost， and transportation issues. Nearly 70% of patients receiving acupuncture treatment benefit from medical insurance reimbursement， with reimbursement rates generally above 50%， indicating strong social security support. ConclusionThe implementation of HTA for acupuncture in the treatment of SD， using the standards for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， is feasible. The implementation steps are clear， the data sources for each evaluation domain are adequate， the analysis methods are practical， and the evaluation results are comprehensive. Experts recommend that the findings be used as a reference for relevant medical decision-making.

Objective: To explore the relationship between stigma and mental resilience in adolescent epilepsy patients and associated factors, so as to provide reference for future psychological intervention in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Methods: A total of 295 adolescent patients with epilepsy from Wuhan Mental Health Center were enrolled as participants from February 2021 to October 2024. The stigma was evaluated by Kilifi Stigma Scale for Epilepsy (KSSE), and psychological resilience was evaluated by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Associated factors of stigma and psychological resilience in adolescent patients with epilepsy were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: In the adolescent patients with epilepsy, KSSE score was (10.90±4.13) points, with 138 cases (46.78%) at low level, 154 cases (52.20%) at moderate level and 3 cases (1.02%) at high level. CD-RISC score was (50.19±5.97) points, there were 170 cases (57.63%) at low level and 125 cases (42.37%) at high level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that disease course >3 years ( OR =2.22), family history of epilepsy ( OR = 4.18) , monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.05), single parent family ( OR =2.46) and middle and high stigma level ( OR = 1.72) had a higher risk on low level of mental resilience ( P <0.05). The course of disease >3 years ( OR =2.20), family history of epilepsy ( OR =3.54), general seizure ( OR =2.12), monthly family income ≤5 000 yuan ( OR =2.70), low level of mental resilience ( OR =2.03) of adolescent epilepsy patients showed a high risk on moderate high level of stigma ( P <0.05). Conclusions The stigma level is higher, while psychological resilience is lower in adolescent patients with epilepsy. Clinically, targeted intervention should be implemented based on related factors such as stigma in addescent patients with epilepsy.

Among gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most lethal, primarily due to its insidious early symptoms, lack of effective screening methods, and high risk of recurrence. It poses substantial challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, the clinical application of poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors has promoted a comprehensive management model that integrates targeted therapy with conventional treatments. This review, aiming to provide new perspectives and approaches for future research, summarizes the high-risk factors and first-line treatment strategies for ovarian cancer. Further studies should focus on optimizing personalized treatment strategies and exploring novel targeted therapies to improve patient survival outcomes.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and immunization history of pertussis cases in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2018 to 2023. Methods Data on the incidence and immunization history of pertussis cases were collected in Yichang City from 2018 to 2023, and the epidemiological characteristics was analyzed and described. Results A total of 109 cases of pertussis were reported in Yichang from 2018 to 2023, and the annual average reported incidence rate was 0.45/100,000. The incidence rate reported in each year was between 0～1.58/100,000. The area with the highest annual reported incidence rate was Xiling District (1.19/100,000). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between different years (χ²=208.26, P < 0.001). The annual reported incidence rate showed a significant increasing trend (χ² trend =125.71, P < 0.001). The ratio of male to female cases was 1.22. There was no significant difference in the annual reported incidence rates between males and females (χ²=0.85, P=0.36). Children aged 3-9 years accounted for 60.55%. Students and scattered children accounted for 45.87% and 36.70%, respectively. Before the onset of the disease, 72.48% had a history of immunization with pertussis-containing vaccine, and 27.52% had no history of immunization. The shortest interval between the last dose of pertussis-containing vaccine and the onset of the disease was 8 days, the longest was 4057 days, and the median was 1882 days. Conclusion From 2018 to 2023, the reported incidence of pertussis in Yichang City has been on the rise, with the majority of cases occurring in children and students under the age of 9. It is recommended to strengthen pertussis disease monitoring.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with a particularly heavy burden in China. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a Group I carcinogen for GC, with a higher seroprevalence rate indicating a higher GC incidence. However, only approximately 3% of the individuals with H. pylori infection eventually develop GC, and about 2.6% still progress to GC even 10-20 years after the eradication of H. pylori . Thus, the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori for GC must be elucidated, and high-risk individuals precisely identified. Furthermore, GC can occur even in individuals who have never been infected with H. pylori . As H. pylori infection rates decline, the proportion of H. pylori -negative GC cases is increasing annually, gaining significant research attention. In this review, potential pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori infection are explored from the aspects of H. pylori virulence factors and host factors (genetic susceptibility and immune microenvironment). Possible risk factors for H. pylori -negative GC include infections by other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses), autoimmune gastritis, bile reflux, genetic mutations, and environmental factors. We aim to review the potential mechanisms for GC with varying H. pylori infection statuses, identify the high-risk individuals, and pose questions that need to be addressed. In the future, as the prevalence of H. pylori infection gradually decreases, GC prevention and management must evolve to address host-specific factors and the growing challenge of H. pylori -negative GC by integrating multidisciplinary perspectives.
Stomach Neoplasms/genetics* ; Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/complications* ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric mucosal epithelial cells after Helicobacter pylori infection and the regulation of CMTM6 on PD-L1, and to analyze the mRNA expression differences before and after CMTM6 gene knock-out in helicobacter pylori infected gastric epithelial cells by microarray analysis. METHODS: The standard Helicobacter pylori strain ATCC 26695 was co-cultured with human gastric epithelial cell GES-1 for 6, 24 and 48 hours, and the mRNA and protein levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to construct CMTM6 gene knockout plasmid and knockout CMTM6 gene of GES-1 cells. Helicobacter pylori was co-cultured with CMTM6 gene knockout and wild type GES-1 cells for 48 hours to detect PD-L1 transcription and protein level changes, and CMTM6 gene knockout GES-1 cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 to detect the changes in PD-L1 protein levels. Agilent Human ceRNA Microarray 2019 was used to detect the differentially expressed genes in CMTM6 gene knockout and wild-type GES-1 cells co-cultured with Hp for 48 hours, and the signal pathway of differentially expressed genes enrichment was analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in GES-1 cells were significantly up-regulated after Helicobacter pylori infection, and CMTM6 mRNA was most significantly up-regulated 48 hours after infection. After CMTM6 gene knockout, the CD274 gene transcription level of Helicobacter pylori infected GES-1 cells did not change significantly, but PD-L1 protein level was significantly down-regulated, and the PD-L1 level increased after the application of proteasome inhibitor MG-132. After CMTM6 gene knockout, 67 genes had more than two times of differential expression. The transcription levels of TMEM68, FERMT3, GPR142, ATP6V1FNB, NOV, UBE2S and other genes were significantly down-regulated. The transcription levels of PCDHGA6, CAMKMT, PDIA2, NTRK3, SPOCK1 and other genes were significantly up-regulated. After CMTM6 gene knockout, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) gene expression was significantly down-regulated, which might affect protein ubiquitination degradation. After CMTM6 gene knockout, adrenoceptor alpha 1B (ADRA1B), cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1), CHRM1, platelet activating factor receptor (PTAFR) gene expression was significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infection up-regulates the expression level of CMTM6 in gastric mucosa cells, and CMTM6 can stabilize PD-L1 and maintain the protein level of PD-L1. CMTM6 gene knockout may affect biological behaviors such as protein ubiquitination and cell surface receptor expression.
Humans ; MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins/metabolism* ; Helicobacter pylori/physiology* ; B7-H1 Antigen/genetics* ; Helicobacter Infections/metabolism* ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism* ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism* ; Chemokines/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Myelin Proteins

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a critical transcription factor that governs the differentiation of cluster of differentiation 4⁺ (CD4⁺) T cells. The pathogenesis and progression of psoriasis are primarily attributed to an immune imbalance stemming from the overproduction of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by T lymphocytes. However, the role of IRF4 in psoriasis remains unexplored. In this study, we found that IRF4 activity is increased in the cutaneous lesions of patients with psoriasis in response to stimulation by IL-23A and IL-1β. This IRF4 elevation heightens its binding to the E1A binding protein p300 (EP300) promoter, triggering the transcription of downstream retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and increasing the secretion of IL-17A, thereby establishing the IL-1β/IL-23A-IRF4-EP300-RORC-IL-17A inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. The alleviation of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic-like symptoms was achieved through the creation of a Irf4 ^-/- gene deletion mouse model and pharmacological inhibition using antisense oligonucleotides targeted for Irf4. This amelioration was accompanied by a decreased number of IL-17A-producing CD4⁺ T cells in the skin. The findings of this study suggest that IRF4 plays a crucial role in the promotion of inflammation and exacerbation of IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Consequently, IRF4 targeting could be a promising therapeutic strategy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation of PRELID1 with gastric cancer (GC) progression, prognosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 115 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for GC in our hospital between February, 2018 and March, 2023 to explore the correlation of PRELID1 expression level in GC tissues with tumor progression and patient prognosis. In cultured GC cells, the effects of lentivirus-mediated overexpression or interference of PRELID1 were observed on cell migration, invasion and EMT. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining revealed significantly higher PRELID1 expression in GC tissues (P<0.001), whose expression level was positively correlated with CEA ≥5 ng/mL (P=0.007), CA199 ≥37 U/mL (P=0.007), G_3-4 stages (P=0.001), T_3-4 stages (P=0.001), and N_2-3 stages (P=0.020). Univariate and Cox multifactorial analysis showed that high PRELID1 level was an independent risk factor affecting 5-year survival of GC patients (P=0.001). In cultured GC cells, PRELID1 overexpression obviously promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9, and interference of PRELID1 produced the opposite changes. PRELID1 overexpression also increased the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin and reduced the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistic analyses showed that up-regulation of PRELID1 increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in GC cells, whereas its interference caused the opposite changes; the application of 740 Y-P, a PI3K/AKT pathway activator, significantly enhanced the migration, invasion, and EMT of GC cells with PRELID1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS PRELID1 is highly expressed in GC and affects prognosis of the patients, and its high expression promotes migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition of GC cells possibly by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Prognosis ; Cell Movement ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Signal Transduction ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism*

Objective: To understand the prevalence of school bullying and the comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms among middle school students and their association, so as to provide a basis for developing related intervention strategies. Methods: From September to December 2023, a multistage random cluster sampling was employed to select 107 851 middle school students across 104 counties in Anhui Province. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Scale were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the correlations between experiences of school bullying and the comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: The findings revealed that 2.80% of middle school students had experienced school bullying in the past 30 days. Additionally, 27.03% exhibited potential symptoms of depression, 8.94% showed signs of anxiety symptom, and the comorbidity rate of anxiety and depressive symptoms was 8.04%. Logistic regression analysis showed that statistically significant correlations were identified between experiences of school bullying and increased risks of depressive symptoms (OR=6.42, 95%CI=5.93-6.94, P<0.01), anxiety symptoms (OR=5.94, 95%CI=5.47-6.44, P<0.01), and their comorbidity (OR=6.38, 95%CI=5.88-6.93, P<0.01). Compared with those who did not suffer from school bullying, junior high school students, ordinary senior high school students, vocational senior high school students, boys and girls who suffered from school bullying all had increased risks of comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms (OR=7.25, 5.55, 4.80, 6.42, 6.27, P＜0.01). Conclusions The study underscores the significant impact of school bullying on increasing the risk of comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms among middle school students. It is important to pay attention to the psychological health of bullied students and implement timely psychological intervention measures.