Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Shenqi Granula.Methods Chromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm)was used with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(21∶79)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detected wavelength was 203 nm.Results Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re could be baseline separated with in 30 min.The average recovery rates were 99.60% and 98.5%,corresponding RSD were 1.93% and 2.31% for ginsenoside Rg1 and Re,respectively(n=5).Conclusion This method is fast and accurate and can be used for quality control of Shenqi Granula.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography and MRI in the diagnosis of placenta accrete.Methods First,the relevant literatures about placenta accrete were retrieved at home and abroad,then the data were extracted and Meta-analysis was performed.The combined sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and MRI and AUC were obtained.Results The combined sensitivity of ultrasonography was 0.80,specificity was 0.88,AUC was 0.88;combined sensitivity of MRI was 0.86,specificity was 0.90,AUC was 0.93.Conclusion Ultrasound and MRI are very valuable in the diagnosis of placenta accrete.However,MRI is a useful complement of ultrasound,and the diagnostic value is slightly better than that of ultrasound.The diagnostic value will be higher when they combined together.

Objective To investigate the incidence and associated factors of rotator cuff injuries in patients surgically treated for proximal humerus fracture.Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted in the patients over 40 years old who had been surgically treated for proximal humeral fracture from April 10th 2017 to December 1st 2017 at Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.Intraoperative direct visualization was used to collect their clinical data concerning rotator cuff injuries in combination with proximal humeral fracture.All the data were analyzed to find the incidence,gender ratio,age distribution and fracture type distribution concerning rotator cuff injuries.Results A total of 143 eligible patients were included in this investigation.Their average age was 61.95 years and their male-female ratio 1:2.3.The incidence was 46.2％ (66/143) for all the rotator cuff injuries in proximal humerus fracture and 23.1％ (33/143) just for rotator cuff tears.There were no significant differences in age,male to female ratio or distribution of Neer fracture type between patients with rotator cuff injury and those without rotator cuff injury (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the age and or distribution of Neer fracture type between patients with rotator cuff tear and patients without rotator cuff tear (P ＞ 0.05).The proportion of females in patients with rotator cuff tears (84.8％,28/33) was significantly higher than that in patients with no rotator cuff tears (63.6％,21/33) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between different age groups of the patients in incidence of combined rotator cuff injury (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Concomitant rotator cuff injuries are relatively common in patients over 40 years old with a proximal humerus fracture.About half of the injuries may be simple wear or wear plus degeneration while the other half rotator cuff tear happening mostly in female patients.The incidence of concomitant rotator cuff injury may increase with the age of the patients with a proximal humerus fracture.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influences of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and its principle metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) on spermatogenic cell apoptosis in young male Wistar rats.

METHODSNinety-eight 2-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 14 equal groups to receive daily intragastric administration of 0.2 ml/kg normal saline for 3 weeks (normal control), 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 1 week (positive control), 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg DEHP or MEHP for 1 week, or 100 mg/kg DEHP or MEHP for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. After the treatments, the pathological changes of the testicular tissues were examined, spermatogenic cell apoptosis was detected, and serum sex hormones levels were measured using TUNEL assay or radioimmunoassays.

RESULTSCTX, DEHP, and MEHP all caused shrinkage, development retardation and quantitative reduction of spermatogenic cells with and mitochondrial swelling vacuolar changes. The damage of spermatogenic cells increased significantly with the increment of DEHP and MEHP doses and exposure time. Both DEHP and MEHP treatments resulted in significantly increased cell apoptosis index (AI) in close correlation with the exposure doses and duration (P<0.01). DEHP and MEHP treatments also significantly increased serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone and decreased testosterone levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDEHP and MEHP can induce obvious apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in young male rats with a dose- and time-dependent effect.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTlVE To establish Tg(-6.3CYP3A65∶EGFP) transgenic zebrafish for quick, intuitive detection of heavy metals ( copper, cadmium and zinc) , dioxin-like PCBs ( PCB126) and other environmental pollutants. METHODS Tol2 transposon system was used to generate transgenic zebrafish lines Tg(-6.3CYP3A65∶EGFP) in which CYP3A65 promoter regualated labeled fluorescence. The effect of heavy mentals ( copper, cadmium and zinc ) and PCB126 on the relative amounts of CYP3A65 gene expression was determined by observing the change in fluorescence intensity. RESULTS The relative gene expression of CYP3A65 was significantly increased after 96 h exposure to copper 0.1 and 0.2μmol·L-1 , cadmium 0.35 and 0.7μmol·L-1 , zinc 1.5 and 3μmol·L-1 , and PCB126 2-32μmol·L-1 , respectively ( P<0.01) , but decreased after 96 h exposure to copper 0. 9 μmol·L-1 , cadmium 2. 7 and 5.4 μmol·L-1 , and zinc 24μmol·L-1 , respectively( P<0.01) . CYP3A65 gene expression was significantly increased after 168 h exposure to copper 0.1 and 0.2 μmol·L-1 , cadmium 0.35 and 0.7 μmol·L-1 , zinc 1.5 and 3 μmol·L-1, and PCB126 2-32 μmol·L-1, respectively(P<0.01), but decreased after 168 h exposure to copper 0.9 μmol·L-1, cadmium 2.7 and 5.4 μmol·L-1, and zinc 12 and 24 μmol·L-1( P<0.05) , in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSlON The results suggest that zebrafish CYP3A65 gene expression and the CYP3A65 labeled fluorescence lines can be another candidate biomarker for detecting environmental pollutants.

Objective:To study the locational distribution characteristics of the heterotopic ossification (HO) following traumatic elbow stiffness and the risk factors for HO development at different locations.Methods:Consecutively included according to our inclusion criteria in the present study were the patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 for elbow release due to traumatic elbow stiffness but developed postoperative HO. Their baseline data and CT data were collected and processed using Mimics 20.0. The HO distribution for each patient was characterized at the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, posterolateral, posterior, medial, lateral, and proximal radioulnar locations. The patient's original injury was categorized into 5 types: distal humerus fracture, olecranon fracture, radial head fracture, coronoid fracture, and elbow dislocation. After the univariate analysis with the HO occurrence at a specific location as the dependent variable and the original injury and baseline data as the independent variables, the factors with P value less than 0.1 were included in the logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for HO at each location.Results:A total of 91 patients were included in this study. Of them, 88 had posteromedial HO (96.7%, 88/91), 62 posterior HO (68.1%, 62/91), 60 posterolateral HO (65.9%, 60/91), 41 anteromedial HO (45.1%, 41/91), 26 anterolateral HO (28.6%, 26/91), 13 proximal radioulnar HO (14.3%, 13/91), 8 lateral HO (8.8%, 8/91), and 7 medial HO (7.7%, 7/91). Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of ulnar nerve symptoms ( OR=4.354, P=0.017) and presence of original elbow dislocation ( OR=2.927, P=0.042) were the independent risk factors for the anteromedial HO development and that presence of original olecranon fracture ( OR=0.277, P=0.023) was the protective factor for the anteromedial HO development. Presence of original radial head fracture was the independent risk factor for the anterolateral HO development ( OR=2.891, P=0.033) and the posterolateral HO development ( OR=3.123, P=0.043). Conclusions:HO development in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness is closely related to their original injury. Posteromedial HO may develop in almost all the patients. Patients with ulnar nerve symptoms and original elbow dislocation are more prone to anteromedial HO development, but patients with original olecranon fracture are less likely to develop anteromedial HO. Patients with original radial head fracture are more likely to develop anterolateral and posterolateral HO.

Background Environmental pollutants can affect N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) level in the body, but the change of m⁶A level in kidney after being exposed to cadmium (Cd) and the molecular mechanism of renal injury need to be further studied. Objective To analyze the associations of m⁶A modification and methyltransferases/demethylases with microRNA-21 (miR-21) and transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF - β1) in kidney of rats exposed to Cd. Methods Twenty-four SPF male SD rats were divided into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group, and were exposed to Cd by subcutaneous injection of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) and equal volume of normal saline for 2 weeks, 7 d a week, respectively. The levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) in urine, and the levels of m⁶A methylation and TGF-β1 in kidney were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured by urease method. The levels of renal oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by total bile acid method, water-soluble tetrazolium asssay, and colorimetric method respectively. The relative levels of TGF-β1, methyltransferases, and demethylases in kidney were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of miR-21 in kidney was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results After 2 weeks of exposure to Cd, the body weights of rats in the 2.0 and 1.0 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium chloride groups decreased, and the ratio of kidney/body weight and the levels of BUN, UNAG, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein increased in the 2.0 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium chloride group (P<0.05). The expression levels of m⁶A modification, methyltransferases METTL3, METTL14, Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), and miR-21 were increased both in the 2.0 and 1.0 mg·kg⁻¹ cadmium chloride groups, with significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the m⁶A modification level was negatively correlated with SOD (r=−0.4489, P<0.05) and GSH-Px (r=−0.4874, P<0.05), METTL3 was negatively correlated with MDA (r=−0.5158, P<0.05), while there was a positive correlation between FTO and GSH-Px (r=0.4802, P<0.05). In addition, miR-21 was positively correlated with METTL3 (r=0.7491), METTL14 (r=0.6157), and WTAP (r=0.6660) (P<0.05), TGF-β1 was positively correlated with METTL3 (r=0.5025, P<0.05) but negatively correlated with FTO (r=−0.5634, P<0.05) . Conclusion Cd can induce m⁶A methylation and up-regulation of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, and miR-21 expression levels in rat kidney tissues, indicating that m⁶A and miR-21 may be associated with Cd-induced renal fibrosis.