Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Shenqi Granula.Methods Chromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm)was used with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(21∶79)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detected wavelength was 203 nm.Results Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re could be baseline separated with in 30 min.The average recovery rates were 99.60% and 98.5%,corresponding RSD were 1.93% and 2.31% for ginsenoside Rg1 and Re,respectively(n=5).Conclusion This method is fast and accurate and can be used for quality control of Shenqi Granula.

Objective: To study the effects of potentill on all systems of experimental animals to provide experimental evidence for the comprehensive safety evaluation of potentill.Methods: Mice and rats were given potentill orally to determine the influence on all systems, and the general pharmacological activities of potentill were recorded.Results: The general behavior of mice was normal after the adminisration of potentill , the test samples showed no synergetic hypnotic effect with nembutal at subthreshold dose, and had no influence on the spontaneous activity and body coordination ability of mice (P＞0.05).The test samples showed no obvious influence on the cardiovascular system and respiratory system of rats (P＞0.05).Conclusion: Potentill meets the general requirements of pharmacology at the prescribed dose.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes between OTA/AO-C open and closed fractures of the distal humerus treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Methods:The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of the 70 patients who had been treated at Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for OTA/AO-C fractures of the distal humerus from January 2014 to June 2017. Of them, 22 suffered from open fractures (Gustilo types Ⅰ/Ⅱ) and 48 closed fractures. There were 18 males and 4 females with an age of (42.6±13.0) years in the open group and 21 males and 27 females with an age of (42.2±17.1) years in the closed group. Analyzed were interval from injury to surgery, hospitalization time, injury energy and functional outcomes which included range of motion (ROM) in elbow flexion and extension, ROM in elbow rotation, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), complications and rate of secondary surgery.Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, injury energy or interval from injury to surgery ( P>0.05), but there were significantly more males in the open group than in the closed group ( P=0.011). The follow-up time for all the patients averaged 34.0 months (from 25 to 54 months). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in hospitalization time [9.5(6.0, 13.0) d versus 8.5 (6.0, 11.0) d], ROM in flexion and extension [120.0° (100.0°, 137.8°) versus 128.5° (110.0°, 140.0°)], ROM in rotation [155.0° (151.3°, 155.0°) versus 155.0° (155.0°, 155.0°)], MEPS [95.0 (80.0, 100.0) versus 95.0 (80.0, 100.0)] or DASH [2.6 (0.63, 9.2) versus 1.7 (0.0, 8.5)] ( P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups either in rate of secondary surgery [36.4% (8/22) versus 33.3% (16/48)], ulnar nerve symptoms [54.5% (12/22) versus 60.4% (29/48)], local irritability in the region of internal fixation [9.1% (2/22) versus 6.3% (3/48)] or elbow stiffness [13.6% (3/22) versus 10.4% (5/48)] ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Open reduction and internal fixation can lead to similar clinical outcomes in the treatment of both open (Gustilo types Ⅰ/Ⅱ) and closed distal humeral fractures of OTA/AO-C, with no significant differences in postoperative ROM, functional scores or complications.

Chronic elbow dislocation has a low incidence, but high disability rate, often leads to complications such as stiffness and instability, whose management is still a huge challenge in orthopedics traumatology. The mainstream strategy now is to reduce the elbow after extensive soft tissue release, repair or reconstruct collateral ligaments, stabilize the elbow with a hinged external fixator, and start rehabilitation as soon as possible. However, as evidence supporting treatment approaches comes mostly from small case series and case reports, controversies still remain in some intraoperative issues, such as the choice of surgical approach, the indications and methods of triceps lengthening and the reconstruction of ligaments. Combining relevant literature and clinical experience, the authors discussed the research progress in diagnosis and treatment of chronic elbow dislocation, suggesting that clinical doctors should focus on prevention rather than treatment of this disease, and advocated further reducing the incidence and disability rate of chronic elbow dislocation.

Objective To investigate the situation of concomitant anxiety in posttraumatic elbow stiffness and analyze the risk factors for posttraumatic elbow stiffness.Methods Participants for this investigation were the outpatients who had sought special medical attention for elbow injury from September to October, 2017 and from May to June, 2018 at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Their demographic and injury-related data ( gender, age, education, injury time, injury type, treatment and rehabilitation ) were collected through questionnaires. Self-rating Anxiety Scale ( SAS ) was used to evaluate their anxiety. The range of motion ( ROM ) of the elbow was measured by the same qualified orthopedist. The relationship between posttraumatic elbow stiffness and anxiety and risk factors for stiffness were analyzed sta-tistically. Results The proportion of concomitant anxiety ( 39.2%) in the patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness was significantly higher than that in those without posttraumatic elbow stiffness ( 10.5%, P＝0.021 ) . The SAS score for the patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness ( 47.6 ± 11.6 ) was significantly higher than that ( 38.9 ± 8.2 ) for those without posttraumatic elbow stiffness ( P＝0.004 ). Passive rehabil-itation was a risk factor for flexion-extension stiffness. Complex intra-articular fracture, high-energy injury and passive rehabilitation were risk factors for limited forearm rotation. Conclusions Our study suggests the comorbidity of posttraumatic elbow stiffness and anxiety. Complex intra-articular fracture, high-energy injury and passive rehabilitation are risk factors for forearm rotational stiffness after elbow trauma. Passive rehabil-itation is also a predictor of less range of flexion-extension of the elbow.

Objective To investigate the current perioperative fasting management by Chinese traumatic surgeons for elective patients and the related awareness in Chinese traumatic surgeons.Methods Traumatic surgeons were interviewed through questionnaires which addressed the current pre-and post-operative fasting time for liquid and solid food in their hospitals,the postoperative practice to keep the patients in recumbent position without pillow,their reasons to choose perioperative fasting management and their knowledge of the current related guidelines.The associations between surgeons' information and their reasons to choose fasting management and their knowledge of the related guidelines were analyzed.Results A total of 187 valid questionnaires were collected.The percentages of the surgeons who indicated perioperative fasting time for liquid for at least 2 hours and for solid food for at least 6 hours were only 3.74％ and 27.27％,respectively.Nil by mouth from midnight for liquid or for solid food was actually indicated by 29.95％ and 31.55％ of the surgeons,respectively.64.71％ of the surgeons still required their patients to fast for liquid for at least 6 hours postoperatively,even longer for solid food.Only 1.6％ of the surgeons did not ask their patients to keep in recumbent position without pillow postoperatively whatever the anesthesia types were.Only 6.95％ of the surgeons chose a perioperative fasting protocol based on the related guidelines.Only 9.09％ of the surgeons knew the related guidelines very well.The reasons of the surgeons to choose a perioperative fasting protocol and the knowledge of the surgeons about the related guidelines were not associated with the professional ranks of the surgeons,hospital ranking or hospital location (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The current management of perioperative fasting is backward in the Chinese communities of traumatic orthopedics,and the related guidelines are not well implemented due to the poor awareness of them.

Objective: To investigate expert opinions on the recommendations in Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Ankle Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Expert Consensus on Optimized Treatments of Distal Radius Fracture in Light of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery so as to provide a reference for orthopaedic surgeons when they refer to the 2 documents. Methods: At the symposium in November 2018, all members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation were interviewed through questionnaires. The questionnaires involved 30 recommendations from the 2 documents concerning optimized perioperative managements. The rates of recommendation and strong recommendation by these experts were calculated about the 30 recommendations from the 2 above documents. Results: A total of 68 experts from the 89 members of Orthopaedic Trauma Committee of Bethune Public Welfare Foundation finished the questionnaires. Of the 30 recommendations, 26 obtained recommendation from these experts at a rate of above 95%, and 4 recommendation from these experts at a rate from 80% to 90%. The rates of strong recommendation were not high, ranging from 60% to 80% in 26 recommendations and <60% in 4. Conclusions The recommendations from the above 2 documents have been highly agreed upon by these experts we investigated but obtained a relatively low rate of strong recommendation. The present investigation may serve as a significant complement for recommendations from the 2 documents of expert consensus and a necessary reference for orthopaedic surgeons.

Objective To investigate the current perioperative management of geriatric hip fractures in China.Methods The survey was performed between 15th to 21st of November,2017.An electric questionnaire was delivered to the orthopedic surgeons attending the 12th International Congress of Chinese Orthopedic Association (COA) and the orthopedic fellows attending grand round at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.The questionnaire addressed the current perioperative management of geriatric hip fractures (≥ 65 years) at the departments where the participants worked,covering preoperative examination and preparation,postoperative rehabilitation and multidisciplinary collaboration.Results 171 valid questionnaires were collected for this study.Of the 171 orthopedic surgeons from 28 provinces in China,106 (62.0％) came from a tertiary hospital and 65 (38.0％) from a secondary hospital.In 74.3％ (127/171) of the hospitals,more than 100 geriatric hip fractures were treated annually.63.2％ (108/171) of the hospitals treated 100 to 500 cases annually,5.9％ (10/171) 500 to 1,000 cases and 5.3％ (9/171) more than 1,000 cases.Multidisciplinary collaboration was not established in most hospitals (71.9％,123/171) for geriatric hip fractures.Pulmonary function test (61.4％,105/171),Holter (38.0％,65/171) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (53.8％,92/171) were indicated as routine preoperative investigations.In 56.3 ％ (96 / 171) of the hospitals,traction was performed before operation.In 80.1％ (137 / 171) of the hospitals,the interval between admission to surgery was more than 48h for the patients.In 36.3％ (62/171)of the hospitals,patients were allowed to ambulate within one week after surgery.In 4.1％ (7/171) of the hospitals,patients were allowed full weight-bearing within one week after surgery.Conclusion Significant gaps exist in perioperative management of geriatric hip fractures between current practice in China and worldwide guidelines and consensus.

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an effective surgical method for treatment of end-stage elbow arthritis. However, compared with hip and knee arthroplasties, the implant survival rate of TEA remains low, with a high postoperative complications rate and a high revision rate. The main reasons for revision include aseptic loosening, periprosthetic infection, periprosthetic fracture, component failure, and postoperative instability, of which the most common cause is aseptic loosening. Unlike the initial TEA, revision surgery usually needs to deal with complicated conditions such as infection, scars, bone defects, prosthetic stem extraction and cement removal, making the operation more difficult. There are few clinical studies related to TEA revision in China. Therefore, the authors review the reasons for postoperative revision, the management of key intraoperative issues, and the outcomes of treatment to provide the basis for future clinical application and academic research of TEA revision surgery in China.

Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of modified open elbow arthrolysis in the treatment of traumatic elbow stiffness.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 120 patients who underwent modified open elbow arthrolysis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. The age of the included patients was (37.7±12.4) years (ranged 18-64 years), including 54 males and 66 females. The medical records were reviewed, the range of motion (ROM) and functional status of the patients before operation and at the last follow-up were compared including visual analogue scale (VAS), Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. Complications and secondary operations were also recorded. Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation( ± s) and comparison between groups was conducted using the t-test; Measurement data of skewed distribution were expressed as M ( Q1, Q3), and Rank-sum test was used for inter-group comparison. Results:The preoperative extension of 120 patients was 43.6° (33.8°, 60.1°), the flexion was 78.7° (59.8°, 98.1°), and the flexion-extension ROM was 25.6° (0.0°, 54.5°); the preoperative pronation was 51.8° (33.0°, 67.0°), the supination was 85.1° (65.7°, 90.0°), and the rotation ROM was 136.9° (99.1°, 157.5°). Postoperative extension was 14.2° (7.0°, 24.8°), flexion was 129.5° (120.0°, 138.1°), flexion-extension ROM was 115.5° (94.4°, 127.3°); postoperative pronation was 65.0° (47.1°, 75.0°), the supination was 88.3° (78.6°, 90.0°), and the rotation ROM was 151.9° (131.7°, 163.4°). Postoperative extension, flexion, flexion-extension ROM, pronation, supination, and rotation ROM were all higher than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The VAS of 120 patients was 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) scores before operation and 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) scores after operation. The MEPS was 60.0 (50.0, 75.0) scores before operation and 100.0 (85.0, 100.0) scores after operation. The preoperative DASH was 37.5 (20.1, 51.3) scores, and the postoperative DASH was 7.9 (3.3, 13.3) scores. The postoperative VAS, MEPS, and DASH were significantly improved compared with those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Residual ulnar nerve symptoms occurred in 18 cases, recurrence of heterotopic ossification in 42 cases, and hematoma in 3 cases. Conclusions:Modified open elbow arthrolysis is a safe and effective surgical method for the treatment of traumatic elbow stiffness. It can significantly improve the function of the patient, reduce the occurrence of elbow instability, avoid the use of external fixators, and reduce the cost of the patient.