In recent years,corneal refractive surgery continues to develop with becoming to be one of the most prevalent utilizations of correction of many patients and brings about better visual quality for ametropic patients.Meanwhile,some patients are subjected to optical complications,and poor night vision is one of the most serious problems which are complained by sufferers after refractive surgery,such as glare,halo and reduce of contrast sensitivity,and the affective factors include age,pupil diameter,high order aberation,scattering,pre-estimated diopter,corneal healing,individual sensitivity to surgery,which are supposed to attract the attention of the majority of clinicians and researchers,at the same time.Ophthalmic clinical doctors and researchers only fully understand the mechanism of the above factors and explore the corresponding measures in order to purposefully treat these complications.In addition,ophthalmologists should be aware of the interaction of these factors and their relationship with individual sensitivity and explore the impact of postoperative visual impairment and the way to avoid them in clinical practice inorder to improve the visual quality by controlling the postoperative optical complications.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Di'ao Xinxuekang (DAXXK) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to explore its mechanisms. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by the ligation of descending coronary artery in rats. Then animals after the modeling were randomized into model group, DAXXK-d (31.5 mg/kg) group, DAXXK-g (63.0 mg/kg) group and Diltiazem (24.8 mg/kg) group. A separate sham group was used as control. The treatment group was given DAXXK once a day for 7 days. Cardiac function and cardiac configuration were measured by color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic method. Hemodynamics was measured by Millar catheter method. The arterial oxygen saturation and blood oxygen pressure were measured by i-STAT 300 blood gas analyzer. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2, Bax were detected by ELISA. Myocardial apoptosis was measured using TUNEL method. Results Compared with model group, the left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), the systolic and diastolic function were improved, and the left ventricular pressure maximum rise/ fall rates (± LVdp/dtmax) were increased, in DAXXK group. DAXXK improved lung function, increased arterial oxygen pressure and oxygen content. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased in DAXXK group. The myocardial swelling and inflammatory infiltration were relieved, myocardial apoptosis was reduced, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased and the expression of Bax protein was decreased in DAXXK group. Conclusion DAXXK can protect myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which involved in the inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of inflammatory cytokines.

Objective The astragaloside Ⅳ(ASI)has been proved to play an important role in protecting against cell death on cardiovascular diseases.This study aims to investigate the effect of the astragaloside derivate.(ASId)on confronting oxidative stress and hypertrophy in myocardial cells.Methods Following exposure embryonic rat cardiac H9c2 cells to hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and angiotensin Ⅱ for developing oxidative stress and hypertrophy,ASId at final concentrations(0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L)was added to study its role in protecting cardiomyocytes by biochemical detection and cell size measurement In addition,the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opener atractyloside(20 μmol/L)and inhibitor cyclosporin A(CSA)(1 μmol/L)were employed to investigate the possible mechanisms for anti-oxidation.Results ASId at 1 and 10 μmol/L in cultures suppressed oxidative stress at different degrees,which induced the decrease in LDH activity and MDA content,and also the increase in SOD activity in comparable with the model group; The mPTP opener atractyloside and inhibitor CSA weakened and strengthened the role of ASId,respectively.ASId at 10 μmol/L inhibited cell hypertrophy,and the cell diameter,surface area,and protein content were all decreased in comparable of those cells in model group.Conclusion ASId is involved in the cytoprotective effects on oxidative stress through a pathway mediated by mPTP,and also has a protective effect against hypertrophy.

Objective To study the application of 99Tcm in rabbit cerebral thromboembolic stroke and thrombolysis effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).Methods The 0.5 mL radioactive pertechnetate sodium (specification:5 mCi/2mL and radiation intensity 92.5 MBq/mL) was combined with 30 μL stannous chloride (5 mg/mL),and the 20 μL mixture was joined to whole blood,red blood cells,and plasma for labelling.Then 50 μL CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and bovine thrombin (50 IU/mL) were doped in mixture,and rapidly sucked into a polyethylene plastic pipe (PE80).Thrombus was formed for 2 h at 37 ℃ and cut into small pieces of 10 mm.Autologous blood clots combined with 99Tcm from external carotid artery were injected to internal carotid artery of rabbit,the radioactivity (counts per minute,CPM) was measured by gamma counting instrument,and the improvement of rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg (clinical equivalent dose) on this model was observed.Results After thromboembolism,CPM increased approximately by (5.1 ± 1.3) times,which suggested that the model was reliable.The rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg had significant progressive thrombolysis effect.Conclusion 99Tcm tracer technology could be applied to rabbit cerebral stroke model,which is stable and reliable

Objective:To investigate the influence of angle Kappa on total high-order aberration (HOA) before and after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods:An observational case series study was conducted.Right eyes of 98 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent SMILE surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital from April 2015 to May 2016 were selected.Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical diopter and cylindrical diopter under cycloplegic condition were examined before the surgery and at l and 3 months postoperatively.The chord distance of angle Kappa was measured by Pentacam topography.Wavefront aberrations were measured by WaveScan aberrometer.Pre- and postoperative UCVA, refractive status and each HOA were analyzed.The relationship between angle Kappa and each HOA was analyzed by Pearson correlation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (No.TJYYLL-2017-17). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The preoperative, postoperative 1-month and postoperative 3-month UCVA (LogMAR) were 0.06±0.23, -0.03±0.07 and -0.05±0.07, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference ( F=779.330, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and spherical equivalent (SE) between before and after operation ( F=1 107.811, 127.786, 1 191.266; all at P<0.001), and the postoperative spherical diopter, cylinder diopter and SE were significantly lower than those before surgery (all at P<0.001). At 6-mm pupil diameter, significant differences were found between postoperative total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, the third-order aberration (S3), fourth-order aberration (S4), fifth-order aberration (S5) and sixth-order aberration (S6) and the preoperative values ( F=75.915, 78.231, 66.186, 64.521, 97.161, 36.623, 28.852; all at P<0.001). The postoperative 1- and 3-month total HOA, spherical aberration, coma, S3, S4, S5 and S6 were significantly increased in comparison with those before surgery (all at P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between angle Kappa and total HOA, coma and S3 at 1 and 3 months after surgery (total HOA: r=0.357, 0.363; both at P<0.001.coma: r=0.310, 0.341; both at P<0.01.S3∶ r=0.343, 0.371; both at P<0.01). Significant differences were found in preoperative, postoperative 1-month and 3-month total HOA, coma and S3 between groups with different angle Kappa ( Fgroup=3.363, 4.277, 4.029; all at P<0.05). The postoperative total HOA, coma and S3 of the larger angle Kappa group were greater than those of the smaller angle Kappa group, with statistically significant differences between them (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:A larger angle Kappa may induce HOAs in SMILE surgery.

Objective:To study the pupillary centroid shift of myopia and characteristics of pupil diameter change from scotopic to photopic condition.Methods:A case series study was carried out, 140 eyes of 70 myopia patients from September to November 2016 in Tianjin Eye Hospital were enrolled.The pupillary centroid shift and pupil diameter parameters were measured by visual quality analyzer from scotopic (0.017 lx) to photopic (10.400 lx) condition.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Results:Under the scotopic and photopic conditions, the pupil diameter was positively correlated between the bilateral eyes (scotopic: rs=0.85, P<0.001; photopic: r=0.85, P<0.001), and the pupil diameter variation from scotopic to photopic condition was positively correlated between the bilateral eyes ( r=0.75, P<0.001). The pupil diameter in scotopic and photopic conditions, and the change of pupil diameter in the right eyes were significantly higher than those in the left eyes (all at P<0.05). The pupillary centroid shift was within 0.2 mm in the left eyes of 94.2% (66/70) subjects and in the right eyes of 97.1%(68/70) subjects.The pupillary centroid shift of all subjects was within 0.3 mm.From scotopic to photopic condition, the pupil centroid was mainly shift to the nasal superior direction.There was no significant correlation between pupil diameter and age or gender.There was no significant correlation between pupillary centroid shift and age, diopter or pupil diameter. Conclusions:The binocular pupillary centroid shift are symmetrical from scotopic to photopic condition in myopic eyes, and the pupil centroid mainly shift to nasal superior direction.

BACKGROUND: LC-3 and P62, two of important autophagy-related proteins, were reported highly expressed in many kinds of human malignancies and associated with outcomes of the patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression status of LC-3 and P62 in non-small cell lung cancer patients and define the clinical-pathologic features. METHODS: 66 cases of non-small cell lung cancer patients were employed. The expression of LC-3 and P62 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: LC-3 was positive stained in 27 out of 66 cases (40.9%) and P62 was positive stained in 43 out of 66 cases (65.2%). LC-3 positive staining was more frequently in squamous cell carcinoma patients (P<0.05); while P62 positive staining was more frequently in late-stage adenocarcinoma patients with metastasis (P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between LC-3 and P62 expressions in non-small cell lung cancer tissues (rs=-0.065, P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with positive LC-3 expression had favorable clinical outcomes compared with the patients with negative LC-3 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LC-3 and P62 showed abnormal expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues, suggesting that autophagy is involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor disease with high morbidity and high mortality. The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type, among them, lung squamous cell carcinoma own special pathological type and specific treatment, is a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer and can be divided into peripheral type and central type according to clinical phenotype. This study explores the differences in gene levels and their potential values based on clinical differences between central and peripheral in lung squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: The lung squamous cell carcinoma dataset was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, clinical information and the corresponding gene expression profiles were downloaded. Then we further sort and analyze all these data. RESULTS In clinical characteristics analysis, result showed that central lung squamous cell carcinoma was more likely to metastasis with lymph node than peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma (46.2%, 67/145 vs 28.9%, 26/90; P=0.019), while there were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor size, distant metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and EGFR mutation. Gene expression analysis showed 1,031 differentially expressed genes between central and peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma, of which 629 genes were up-regulated and 402 genes were down-regulated (peripheral vs central). Further enrichment analysis showed differentially expressed genes were mainly riched in 6 signaling pathways. Among them, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was the main enrichment pathway of differentially expressed genes, and other differential expressed genes were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism. The analysis of interaction network showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A (HNF1A) and cytochrome p450 family, Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) own widely effect in up-regulated genes, while ALB and APOA1 at the key positions of the network in down-regulated genes were CONCLUSIONS: Central and peripheral lung squamous cell carcinoma showed clinical phenotype difference not only reflected in the incidence of lymph node metastasis, but also in gene expression profiles. Among them, HNF1A, CYP3A4, ALB, APOA1 at the key position of the differential gene interaction network and maybe as regulatory factors in the phenotypic difference.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most deadly cancers in the world for human. In recent years, the effect of targeted therapy has become increasingly significant. Apatinib is a multi-target anti-tumor drug that is currently under study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Apatinib on the biological characteristics of lung cancer cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Lung cancer cell lines H1299 and H3255 were cultured in vitro. The effects of Apatinib on proliferation, migration and invasion of H1299 and H3255 cells were detected by cell proliferation assays wound healing assays and Transwell assays. The protein expression related to cancer angiogenesis and invasion was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Apatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of H1299 and H3255 in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot showed that with the increasing of drug concentration, VEGF, VEGFR2, N-cadherin, MMP9, MMP2 and Vimentin were down-regulated, and E-cadherin were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Apatinib can inhibit the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells H1299 and H3255. By regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pyridines ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors that impair human health. With the development of epigenetics, the researchers found that enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed in lung cancer tissue and its expression is closely related to the prognosis. EZH2 inhibitor can also enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to a variety of anti-tumor drugs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of combination of EZH2 inhibitor and gefitinib on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of Gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells. METHODS: PC9 and PC9/AB2 cells were used for this study. CCK-8 and EdU experiment were used to detect combined treatment on cell viability and proliferation activity; Wound healing assay and Transwell chamber experiment were used to determine the effects of combination therapy on cell migration ability; Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of combination therapy on EZH2 and apoptosis; Western blot was used to observe the effect of combination therapy on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway-related proteins expression. RESULTS: In gefitinib-resistant cell line PC9/AB2, gefitinib combined with EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 can significantly inhibit cell viability, reduce cell migration and increase cell apoptosis. At the same time, combination therapy can significantly inhibit the expression of EZH2 and phosphorylation EGFR proteins. CONCLUSIONS The combination of EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 and gefitinib sensitize PC9/AB2 cell to gefitinib response. This study also suggests that synergistic therapy plays a role in the reversal of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs) resistance in lung cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; antagonists & inhibitors ; ErbB Receptors ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Gefitinib ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology